Hazelnuts Ana kiran 'ya'yan itace nau'in nau'i 20 na nauyin Hazel, wanda ke cikin gidan Birch, sau da yawa hazel, hazeln hazel da Peltic hazel - siffofin manyan-fruited. Yankin rarraba shi ne Eurasia da Arewacin Amirka, a cikin ƙasa na gandun dajin bishiyoyi masu haɗari. Yin amfani da hazelnuts a masana'antu don samar da kayan ado da kayan sutura yana da yawa. Hazelnuts suna da daban-daban seedlings, wanda siffar wanda aka ƙaddara da iri-iri: za su iya zama zagaye ko elongated.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin Babila ta dā, akwai dokar da ta hana masu ƙididdigewa su ci hazelnuts, wanda, kamar yadda aka sani, inganta aikin kwakwalwa.
Katarina
Hazel cultivar Catherine ne matasan da aka bred a 1961 ta hanyar haye na kowa Hazel Tambov da ja-leaved matasan Hazelnuts No. 236. Forms mai girma daji tare da ganye na inuwa, da wrapper da kwayoyi wanda akwai ruwan hoda da duhu Crimson canza launin. An sanya shinge mai mahimmanci a gefe ɗaya, karami fiye da rami, kuma kwaya kanta mai tsawo ne kuma babba, kai tsawon tsawon 30 mm, tare da isasshen tushe mai laushi, kara zuwa saman kuma da harsashi na bakin ciki.
A dandano kayan hazelnut kayan zaki, da yawan amfanin ƙasa ne 54%. Mafi girma-fruited iri-iri na dukan matasan ja-leaved kwayoyi, weighs har zuwa 5 g, siffofin gungu na har zuwa 8 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Yana ripens a karshen Satumba, da yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri ne high, yana bukatar a pollinated by sanyi-resistant kore-leaved hazel iri - Tambovskaya Late, Farfesa, wanda kuma su ne hunturu-resistant irin hazelnuts. Yana girma mafi kyau kuma yana tasowa a yankunan kudancin. Ƙarƙashin ƙirar tushen tsarin a cikin tsarin haifuwa.
Masha
Common hazel iri-iri Masha ne mai kwatsam ja-leaved matasan, samu by R. F. Kudasheva free pollinating hazel iri-iri Tambov farkon da Ivanteevskogo krasnolistnogo hazelnuts. An bayyana 'ya'yan itatuwa elongated suna yin la'akari da 2 g, tare da murmushi mai laushi, mai dadi dandano da matsakaici mai laushi. Frost-resistant m iri-iri.
Isaevsky
A iri-iri samu by Kudasheva a lokacin da tsallaka a hazelnut Tambovskiy Early tare da iri-iri Academician Yablokov. Wannan iri-iri yana da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin ruwan' ya'yan itace da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke da alaƙa mai dadi. Gyada yana da juriya na sanyi juriya. An san cewa har ma lokacin hunturu mai tsanani na Moscow na shekarar 1978, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya kai zuwa -42 ° C, bai taba rinjayar 'ya'yan Isaevsky ba, amma saboda apple plantations ya zama abin hallakaswa.
Barcelona
Vigorous shrub tare da lokacin farin ciki yada kambi, kai a tsawo na 5 m. Ƙarin haske mai haske ko haske mai haske mai ganye da furanni tare da serrated vershinkami da lafiya hakora a gefuna. Gyada yana kunsa sau biyu fiye da 'ya'yan itacen kuma yadu da wuri. Yayinda yake yin noma, harsashi yana buɗe, yana barin kwayar ta fadi.
Kwayoyin suna da girma sosai, nau'i ko nau'i-nau'i-nau'i, dan kadan mai laushi kuma sau da yawa a cikin mahaukaci, tare da tushe mai kwakwalwa, tare da tsalle-tsalle, tsayinsa har zuwa 2 cm; tare da farin launin ruwan kasa-ja harsashi da asymmetrical m zaki da zuciyar. Bambance-bambancen Barcelona na da matukar muhimmanci, kwayoyi sun fara a farkon Satumba. Rashin nau'o'in iri: yanayin rashin daidaituwa ga moniliasis. Mafi kyau pollinators a gare shi ne high quality iri hazelnut Halle, Lambert farin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Hazelnut Barcelona ta wuce abincin naman karan da kifi, saboda haka mutanen da ke fama da yawan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jiki da nauyin nauyi, suna ci shi maras kyau.
Adygei
Wani samfuri wanda aka samo asali daga sakamakon zabe na kasa da kasa na N. A. Tkhagushev a Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Kuban. Tsakanin shekaru iri-iri, yana da juriya mai sanyi, sau da yawa yana jurewa fari, ba mai saukin kamuwa da lalacewa ta hanyar cututtuka da kwari. Shrub tare da matsakaici kambi da pubescent, rawaya-zaitun harbe. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu yawa, 4-5 guda kowace, dukan kunsa fiye da gyada, dandano hazelnut - zaki, tart, mai abun ciki 65.6%, yawan ƙwayar kernel - 49%. Ya hada da rajistar jihar a shekara ta 1973, lokacin gwaji ya kasance tun 1967 Har ila yau, akwai nau'ukan zaɓi na hazelnut Adygei da yawa - Circassian iri-iri.
Moscow Ruby
Yawan nau'in hazelnut irin su Moscow Ruby shine mafi kyau iri-iri don namo. An samo iri-iri daga tsallake iri-iri Nottingham tare da cakuda pollen daga nau'in iri mai launin ja-nau'in iri iri na 154, 162 da 167 daga zaɓar Academician Yablokov a shekara ta 1957 a cikin gonar Zakatalsky kway. Yayi siffar tsire-tsire mai karfi wanda ke samar da kullun maza maras nauyi, m 4.5 m, tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau da sanyi.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba, kimanin 3.5 g, kai tsayi na 3 cm, yana da launin launi, yana samar da seedlings daga kwayoyi 8 zuwa 15, bivalve tare da dan kadan fiye da kwaya, harsashi na matsakaici ne, sassauka, har ma, a saman bishiya an dulled, yana da dandano mai dadi mai dadi, yawan mai da ke ciki shine 63%. Gyarawa yana faruwa a farkon Oktoba, Ana ba da 'ya'ya a kowace shekara don kilo 4 da shrub. Yana aiki a matsayin babban iri-iri, da kuma mafi kyau krasnolistnym iri-iri pollinator. Mafi kyawun pollinators na sa ne Tambov marigayi da kuma Farfesa.
Trapezund
Hazelnut Trapezund yana da irin wannan bayanin na iri-iri. Wannan shi ne high-yawan amfanin ƙasa hazelnut iri-iri bred a Jojiya. Gyada mai laushi mai ban sha'awa tare da harsashi mai launin duhu mai launin ruwan, wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa 72% mai, yayi la'akari har zuwa 3 g; 3-6 kwayoyi a cikin 'ya'yan itace, wanda ya fara a ƙarshen Agusta kuma yana da dandano mai kyau. Gudun daji na noma ya kai mita 5 m, daga furanni zuwa Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. Zai iya tsayayya da sanyi zuwa -32 ° C.
Mai kulawa
Mafi yawan itatuwan hazelnuts da aka samo daga zaɓi na Ukrainian. Dabbobi iri-iri ne na skoroplodny, suna nuna amfanin gona na farko a cikin shekaru 3 bayan dasa, kowace shekara ta kara yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa 9 kilogiram kowace bishiya, kwayoyi sun fara a ƙarshen Agusta. Gishiri mai tsayi har zuwa 4 m high, kwayoyi masu nauyi har zuwa 3 g, tare da jimillar nunawa da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan gari sun haɗu a cikin guda biyu na 2-8, wani mashaya yana kunshe fiye da kwaya, mai mahimmanci tare da dandano mai kyau, man fetur na 65%. Hazelnut iri Masterpieces suna propagated by tushen harbe, layering da grafting. Pollinators ga shi iya zama iri dake Dolinsky, Rocket, Borovskoy.
Catalan
Kyakkyawan shrub yana samar da karamin leafy kambi; kwayoyi suna da manyan, zagaye da kwaskwarima, 3-6 kowannensu a kan rassan, rassan 'ya'yan itace daidai yake da tsawon kwaya, lokacin da cikakke ya bude don buɗe kwayoyi; gyada tare da harsashin launin ruwan duhu mai duhu, wanda aka rufe da launin toka; ainihin shine babban, yana da dandano mai dadi; ganye suna da ƙananan kuma an sanya su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi, ƙananan siffar, tare da ƙananan hakora a gefuna. Kwayoyi sun lalace a karshen watan Satumba, matsakaiciyar sanyi na Catalan shine zuwa -20 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayoyi, squirrels da bishiyoyi masu rarrafe, da driller beetles da suka sa qwai a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa tsirrai, da kuma larvae kafa daga qwai, cin hatsi kanta, na iya lalata amfanin gona na hazelnut catalan. Zaka iya yakar su ta hanyar girgiza ko amfani da sunadaran.
White lambert
Slow-growing raguwa-girma shrub, tare da elongated matsakaici-sized kwai-dimbin yawa kwayoyi, tattara a cikin gungu na 3-8 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Dalili shine ƙananan, haske. Halin babban ingancin ya cika harsashi, tare da dandano mai dadi sosai, an rufe ta da fata mai haske kuma ba tare da harsashi fibrous ba. Bright harsashi tare da m ratsi na bakin ciki da kuma m. Yawan 'ya'yan itace yana da tsawo sosai, m zuwa kwaya. Da iri-iri ripens da wuri: a marigayi Agusta - farkon watan Satumba. A iri-iri ne sanyi-resistant da high-samar da gwaggwabar riba, kamar dukan hazelnut iri girma a cikin Arewa Caucasus.
Farfesa
Damaran Zelenolistny, da R. F. Kudasheva ya sha ta hanyar hanyar hawan Far Eastern variegated hazelnut tare da iri-iri Sickler mai yawa. Matsakaici matsakaiciyar daji tare da tsawo na 3.5 m A cikin wani sassaka, haske mai haske, ƙwanƙwasawa, da gefuna suna karkatar da waje, sau 1.5 fiye da 'ya'yan itace. Manyan manya da yawa, kimanin kimanin 2.5 g, an tattara su a cikin guda biyu na 5; yellow-zinariya, m harsashi na matsakaici kauri. An cire shi a cikin haske, mai laushi mai dadi yana da dandano mai dadi sosai, man fetur - 65%.
Yawan amfanin nau'in hazelnut yana da tsawo - har zuwa kg 6 da daji, yana haifar da kusan kusan kowace shekara a cikin shekaru goma na watan Satumba. Yawancin nau'i na nau'i na nau'i nau'i ne na mace da namiji, yanayin furanni iri ɗaya ne, furen mata tare da launi mai launi mai launi, 'yan kunne maza da yawa waɗanda suke lalata, wanda ya sa iri-iri ya zama mai kyau pollinator don iri iri-iri. Na lokaci guda yana kare tsire-tsire daga spring frosts. Dabbobi iri-iri suna da sanyi sosai, suna tsayayya har zuwa -40 ° C, buds basu da sauƙi ga lalacewa ta hazel din, amma yana da karfi mai girma.
Sugar
Sugar Sugar Hazelnut yana da bayanin kamar haka: iri-iri iri-iri masu launin launin ja, bred ta hanyar tsallaka Barcelona da Trebizond Hazelnut, sun kasance a kan rajista na jihar tun 1995. Ripens a farkon Satumba, yana da kyau hunturu hardiness. 'Yan kunne maza ne mai kyau pollinator ga wasu iri, domin pollination na Sugar iri da suke amfani da leafy manyan iri na hazelnuts Tambov Early da kuma Haihuwa. Srednerosly daji - har zuwa m 3.5 m, yana samar da lokacin farin ciki yana yada kambi.
Rubutun da aka yayyafa tare da girasar bakin ciki da nauyin kilo 1.8 g, ƙwayar kernel - 48%, dandano mai dadi, m, man fetur - 71%, yawan amfanin ƙasa - 3 kg daga wani daji. Kunsa yana daidaita da kwaya. Da iri-iri yana da babban sakamako na ado - ganye da kwayoyi suna da duhu fata a launi. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin iri-iri - high sanyi juriya.
Shin kuna sani? Wannan iri-iri ya ƙunshi man shanu da sukari fiye da sauran nau'ikan hazelnuts.
Cosford
Turanci iri-iri sun girma a yankin Cosford a 1816 Aji ke tsiro mai girma da kuma siffar wani lokacin farin ciki, babban kambi tare da duhu kore, m ko kwai-dimbin yawa ganye cewa zama Bleu a cikin fall. Yawancin 'yan kunne da launin ruwan kasa, launi suna kunshe dan kadan fiye da ƙwayar, m zuwa kwaya a tushe, maras kyau da bude a saman. Babba, dogon kwayoyi a iyakar suna lalata da kuma kewaye; harsunansu sune launin ruwan kasa-rawaya, sun zama launin ruwan kasa yayin da ya tsufa, kuma tushe na haske ne da ƙaddara. Kyau mai kirim mai tsami da aka rufe tare da harsashi mai launin ruwan kasa, yana da babban dandano, harsashi ba ya cika maƙara. 
Gyarawa yana faruwa a tsakiyar Satumba. Daban-daban hazelnut Kosford fara kai 'ya'yan itace da wuri, high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yana buƙatar wani wuri mai kariya daga iska kuma ya fi girma a wurare masu dumi. Cosford mai kyau shine mai kyau pollinator ga Halle, Nottingham da wasu nau'o'in hazelnuts; an shafe shi da irin launi na ja-lavedt da webba.
Victoria
Victoria hazel ne bred a Ukraine. Bush mai karfi, matsawa. Kwayoyi na matsakaici, oblong, tushe ne ɗakin kwana ko dan kadan tubercle, nau'in mai tushe don kwayoyi 2-8. 'Ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace ne mai banƙyama, launin ruwan kasa da matsakaici kauri, ainihin ya cika kwasfa; 'ya'yan itace yana da sau 1.5. Yana da nau'o'in marmari, ya fara a farkon watan Satumba. Differs a high yawan aiki, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari' ya'yan itace, yana da kwari a kan low kuma high yanayin zafi na iska. Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da iri-iri don girma a cikin ƙasa mai baƙar fata ta Ukrainian.
Tafa
Vigorous shrub cewa siffofin leafy m kambi. Kwayoyi suna zagaye, manyan isa, sun haɗu a cikin ɓangaren kashi 3-6, tushe na da fari, ɗan gajeren lokaci. Maganin shine mai dadi kuma mai dadi, man fetur - 59%, yana cike da harsashi na bakin ciki, mai launin fata. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fara a farkon kaka,' ya'yan itatuwa a kowace shekara 2, mafi kyaun pollinators shine irin su Cosford da Trapezund. Yana da kyawawan yanayin hunturu, yawan amfanin ƙasa, kana buƙatar girma a wuri mai kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
A cikin wannan labarin, an ba da halayyar hazelnut mai kyau, sanin cewa lambu zai iya zaɓar nau'in hazel.
