Tuberous begonia blooms sosai haske da kyau. A dabi'a, yana janye hankalin mutane da yawa masu son flora kuma suna sa su so su sami wannan tsire a cikin tarin su. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi don yin haka ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar da aka fi so da kuma tasiri - grafting.
Bayan karatun wannan labarin, za ku koyi hanyoyi na haifuwa na begonia tuber da kuma dalilin da yasa grafting ya fi kyau a cikinsu, yadda za a shirya shuka don haifuwa, da yadda za a shuka da kuma dasa tushen. Za mu kuma gaya muku abin da za ku yi idan kun haɗu da matsalolin matsalolin lokacin da kuka fara girma daga cuttings.
Tsarin hanyoyi
Tsarin begonia na tuberous ya samo asali a hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- tsaba;
- cuttings;
- tubers ko sassanta.
Yadda za a yi girma da begonia mai ban mamaki daga cuttings da tsaba, da kuma kula da tsire-tsire, karanta a nan.
Zan iya amfani da grafting?
Daya daga cikin shahararrun masu shuka shi ne hanyar yaduwa. Wannan hanya mai sauƙi (ko da don farawa a floriculture), da sauri (furanni na farko a cikin bazara zai haɗu a watan Agustan), yayin da ake sacewa, duk alamun mahaifa (launi, launi launi, siffar furen da girmansa, da dai sauransu) ana kiyaye su.
Taimako! Yankan shine rabuwa na tsire-tsire (leaf, sprout), kuma sassaukarwa yana haifar da cin ganyayyaki ta amfani da yanke.
Janar dokoki don fure-fure
Ana iya yin cuttings a cikin bazara lokacin germination na tubers da kuma a cikin fall kafin transplanting begonias daga bude ƙasa. Dangane da lokacin shekara, wasu nuances na wannan tsari sun ƙayyade.
Saboda haka Begonia tubers kafin a yanka rani daga yankin hunturuinda suka zauna har zuwa watanni uku da suka rigaya a farkon watan Janairu (yadda za a kula da begonia na tuberous a cikin hunturu, karanta a nan). Sa'an nan kuma saka su a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa, bar su da yawa a cikin dakin da zazzabi, a kan tsawaita ruwa don mayar da ma'aunin ruwa. A cikin kimanin wata daya, harbe zasu fara bayyana, wanda za'a iya sanya su bayan bayanan na uku ya bayyana a kansu.
Gaskiyar cewa ampella begonia shuka, yayin da yake karuwa, da kuma kula da shi, karanta littattafanmu.
Shirye-shiryen sassa na sassa
A cikin bazara bayan ya fara shuka begonia tubers, yawancin cututtuka tare da 3 ganye da 10-12 cm tsawo suna rabu da tuber.Ya da muhimmanci a bar a kalla daya shoot a kan tuber don ci gaba da ci gaba da uwar shuka. Yanke sassa a kan tuber an rufe shi da gawayi ko ash, kuma za a iya magance sabon yankan tare da duk wani tushe tushen da ke da karfi. Dole sai a bushe sa'o'i kadan na cuttings a cikin iska.
Kuma a farkon watan Satumba, kafin a yi tsire-tsire daga tsire-tsire mai girma, an yanke sashin ɓangare na tushe da ganye. Kyakkyawan lafiya, mai karfi, babu lalacewar da ba a iya gani ba, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire mai tsayi na tsawon mita 8-12 da aka zaba. Yanke dole ne a ƙasa da kumburi, kuma a kan harba akwai dole ne a yi ganye ko wata takarda. Yanke ya bushe, an sarrafa shi ta hanyar stimulant kuma an dasa shi don noma.
Mene ne mafi kyawun hanyar dasa fure? Gyara a cikin ruwa ba shine mafi kyawun mafi kyau ga tubegon begonia ba, tun lokacin da cututtuka a mafi yawan lokuta sunyi rauni kuma sun mutu. Saboda haka mafi yawancin samari na harbe a cikin takaddun peat na musamman ko a ƙasa.
Saukowa
Don dasa shukin shuka, dole ne ku yi amfani da ƙasa da aka saya a cikin shagon, ko ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancen da aka shirya da hannayenku, wanda dole ne a raba shi da furotin ko thermally:
- Tsari da ƙasa mai laushi, yashi, humus cikin rabo daga 2: 1: 1: 1.
- 2 sassa na peat, 2 sassa na groundy ground, 1 ɓangare na yashi da 0.5 sassa na taki.
- Ganye na ƙasa, peat, yashi da kuma taki a daidai rabbai.
A matsayin akwati don tubegon begonia ya fi kyau a yi amfani da tukunya mai zurfi da m.: nesa daga gefen tukunya zuwa tuber bai kamata ya wuce 2 cm ba. Kada mu manta cewa kasan kashi biyu na santimita dole ne ya zama mafita na yumɓu mai yalwa ko fasalin fashe.
Hanya mafi kyau na dasa shuki ga matasan shuke-shuke da ke dasawa a ƙasa shine hanyar hanyar tayar da hankali: shuka yana fitowa daga tanki kuma, ba tare da girgiza wata ƙasa ba, an sanya shi a cikin wani sabon tukunya. Ƙaƙasasshen ƙasa na ƙasa a gindin yana da hannayen hannu, an shayar da shuka kuma a sanya shi a wurinsa.
Bayani akan yadda za a shuka begonia a cikin ƙasa da kuma cikin tukunya, da kuma irin irin kulawa da ake bukata don shuka, karanta kayanmu.
Gyara
Gyara shi ne tsari na fitowar tushen tsarin da aka yanke daga tarin mama.
- Don damun cuttings, dole ne a yi amfani da peat tare da yashi a matsayin matsakaici a daidai rabbai ko a cikin rabo na 1: 3. A matsayin wani zaɓi: Mix 1 part leafy ƙasa, 1 part peat, 3 sassa yashi.
- Ya kamata a yi amfani da maciji sosai.
- Embed cuttings a substrate by 2 - 3 cm.
- Duk abu mai kyau ne ga ruwa.
- Sanya akwati tare da rike a cikin "greenhouse": Gyara kawai yana buƙatar high zazzabi da zafi. Kowace rana ya kamata a buɗe "greenhouse" da kuma iska don hana su lalata.
A matsayin "greenhouse" za ka iya amfani da jakar filastik, akwati na abincin filastik tare da murfi mai mahimmanci ko kwalban filastin yanke.
- Dole a sanya akwati tare da rike a wuri mai haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, don kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 20C - + 22C.
- Bayan bayanan farko sun bayyana (bayan kimanin watanni 1), ana iya cire greenhouse.
- Da zarar injin yana da karfi, ana iya sa shi a cikin tukunya mai tsabta.
Hakazalika kafe da cuttings an yanke a cikin fall.
A cikin cututtukan kaka, ana shuka bishiyoyin begonia a cikin tukwane tare da substrate zuwa zurfin 4 cm kuma an ajiye shi har sai spring as houseplants tare da matsakaici watering. Zai yiwu cewa stalk zai sauke ganye don hunturu., amma mai yiwuwar ɓangaren shoot, wanda yake cikin ƙasa, zai kasance. A lokacin bazara, an dasa kayan da aka sare a cikin sabon akwati, kuma a lokacin rani, ƙananan matasan za su yi farin ciki da furanni na farko.
Yadda ake kulawa?
Dole ne a kiyaye kwanaki 3 na farko a cikin inuwa, sa'an nan kuma sake mayar da shi a wuri mai haske, amma ya kamata ya guje wa hasken rana kai tsaye a kan wata matashi. Yanayin zabin shine arewa, arewa maso yamma, windows windows. An yi imanin cewa an bukaci ranar haske na 16 hours don begonia, sabili da haka, a cikin kaka - lokacin hunturu, seedlings kawai buƙatar karin haske zuwa fitolampa.
Kyakkyawan zazzabi don ci gaban begonias - + 20C - + 22C. Wani matashi yana shayarwa sau da yawa, amma kadan kadan. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bada izinin laima mai yawa a cikin maɓallin, idan dai begonia zai mutu daga juyawa. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da spraying ba: Begonia baya son ruwa a kan ganye da furanni.
Don ƙara yawan zafi a yanayin zafi da bushe, zaka iya sanya akwati da ruwa kusa da tukunya, ko sanya tukunya a cikin kwanon rufi wanda aka rufe da yumbuɗa wanda aka ƙaddara, wanda dole ne a shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwa.
An yi amfani da takin gyare-gyare na sama da ma'adinai mai mahimmanci da aka saya a shagunan flower, daga bazara zuwa kaka 1 - 2 sau daya a wata, kuma a karo na farko bayan dasawa yaro ya kamata a ciyar da takin mai magani na azat don ci gaba da girma na foliage da asalinsu.
- Bolivian;
- tuberous;
- m.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
- Ganye a kan rike ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya fadi.
Wannan ba wani abu ba daidai ba ne, wannan tsari ne na halitta. Idan an dasa ingancin inganci, to, tabbatar da saki sabon foliage.
- Rotting cuttings.
Wannan abu mai yiwuwa ne tare da matsanancin watering. Har ila yau, kar ka manta game da yin amfani da iska na "greenhouses" a kullum, wanda tushen da ke shuka.
- Ƙananan begonias matasa suna nuna alamun cututtuka..
Don yin rigakafin wannan abu, ana bada shawara don kwantar da ƙasa, tukunya da za'a dasa shi (magani na fungicide, magani mai zafi). Idan, duk da haka, injin "rashin lafiya", to dole ne a bi da shi tare da shirye-shirye na musamman, tabbatar da ware shi daga shuke-shuke mai kyau a cikin ɗakin da ke da kyau.
- Hannun da aka fitar, sunyi tsawo da kuma bakin ciki.
Ganye ba shi da isasshen haske. Wannan matsala za a iya warwarewa ta hanyar motsi tukunya tare da matasa begonia zuwa wuri mai haske.
- Saurin ci gaban ƙwayar matashi.
Mafi mahimmanci harbe ba su da isasshen kayan abinci. Maganin shine hadi a ƙasa.
Bayanai kan dalilin da yasa begonia mai tsauri ba ya yi fure da abin da zai yi ba, da abin da cututtuka zasu iya rushe flower, ana iya samuwa a nan.
Ana dauke da begonia na tuberous a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a tsakanin Begonia. Kuma aiwatar da grafting wannan shuka ba ya daukar lokaci mai yawa kuma bazai buƙatar yawancin kayan aiki da makamashi ba. Amma sakamakon zai wuce duk tsammanin: za a yi mãkircin mãkirci tare da tsire-tsire ba tare da ɗaya ba, amma da dama tsire-tsire.
