A cikin ɗakunan rani da yawa zaka iya samun currants da gooseberries, amma ta girma yoshty ba duk masu aikin lambu ba. Wannan matasan bai rigaya karbi yarda da duniya ba, ko da yake waɗanda suka sadu da shi sun riga sun fahimci cikakken amfanin irin waɗannan berries. Yoshta ba wai kawai taimakawa wajen mayar da haemoglobin a cikin maganin maganin cutar anemia ba, amma kuma yana daidaita al'umar gastrointestinal, kuma yana taimakawa wajen saukewa daga sanyi, hauhawar jini da kuma matsalolin jini (ƙarfafa ganuwar su). Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a san yadda za a dasa, kula da (kuma, musamman, datsa) yoshtay daga bazara zuwa sanyi sosai.
Tarihin kiwo yoshta
A cikin bayyanar, yoshta yana kama da babban currant ko baki gberi, wanda ya sa ya kama da nau'i biyu. A gaskiya ma, gwaje-gwajen akan kan gicciye wadannan tsire-tsire sun dade har fiye da karni ba tare da wani sakamako mai tsanani ba: tsire-tsire sun shuɗe, amma ba su ba da 'ya'ya ba. Ya yiwu a cimma sakamako mai kyau kawai a cikin 70s na karni na ashirin, a lokacin da manoman Jamus R. Bower ya samo asali na farko.
Ya "sunan" ya ƙunshi haruffa guda biyu na sunan Jamus don currants da haruffa guda uku don sunan gishiri, wanda sakamakon sakamakon ya ba da kalmar Josta (yoshta). A kusan lokaci guda, wani dan kasuwa na Jamus, H. Murawski, saboda yawancin gwaje-gwajen, ya samo wasu nau'in karin kayan lambu mai mahimmanci da sukari, wadanda suka sami sunayen Jokhne, Moro da Jochemin. A nan gaba, an nuna dukkanin matasan bisa ga kokarin masu shayarwa daga sauran ƙasashe, musamman ma masana kimiyyar Rasha. Duk sababbin samfurori sun bambanta a girman daji ko berries da kansu, siffar ganye, da yawan amfanin ƙasa da dandano.
A halin yanzu, wani shahararren matasan currants da gooseberries ne mai iko daji tare da studless harbe kai a tsawon mita 1.5. Idan aka kwatanta da baki currant, rassan yoshta sun fi dacewa. Wannan shuka yana samar da ƙananan adadin tushen harbe, don haka ba ya bukatar karfi pruning. Duk da haka, babban amfani da yoshta, wanda ya bambanta shi daga wannan currant da guzberi, shine babban juriya ga cututtuka na "iyaye" da kuma juriya mai sanyi.
Shin kuna sani? Maganin Vitamin C a cikin yoshte dan kadan ne a cikin currants, amma 2-4 sau fiye da guzberi.
Yadda za a zabi yoshta seedlings lokacin da sayen
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka wani yoshta a kan shirinka, to, abu na farko da kake buƙatar sanin shi ne ma'auni don zabar seedlings na wannan shuka.
A nan yana da muhimmanci a la'akari da wasu siffofin da ke gaba:
- Ƙananan wanda ya sayi iri iri, sauƙi zai samo tushe a sabon wuri.
- Tushen tushen shuke-shuke ya zama mai iko da lafiya, kuma tushen kansu - sabo ne da m. Tare da busassun busasshen yanayi, sapling zai dauki tushe, amma zai yi girma sosai.
- A cikin ingancin inganci mai kyau, haushi a kan harbe da gangar jikin za su zama santsi da kuma na roba, kuma idan ya riga ya yi amfani da shi don shayarwa, yana nufin cewa an samo wani samfurin musamman a daɗewa kuma ya riga ya tafi ya bushe.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kun kintse wani ɓangare na haushi, za ku iya gano idan mai sapling mai rai ya riga ya bushe. Ƙananan ƙananan yana nuna dacewar zaɓin zaɓin, yayin da launin ruwan kasa zai nuna mutuwarsa.
Lokacin sayen seedling a cikin kaka, da ganye da suke a kan rassan dole ne a hankali cire ba tareda žata buds a cikin axils. Bugu da ƙari, kafin daukar nauyin sayan, dole ne a hade yoshta Tushen a cikin zane mai laushi kuma sanya shi cikin jakar filastik.
Site selection da ƙasa shiri ga yoshtu
Shuka Yoshta (a spring da kaka) za'a iya aiwatar da shi tare da ma'ana daban: don samun girbi mai kyau ko kuma yin ado a gida mai zafi. A wannan yanayin, inganci da yawancin amfanin gona suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, sabili da haka, ana iya dasa bishiyoyi a rana da kuma inuwa, zaɓan ɗakin da aka haɓaka ko ƙananan yankunan fili ko ƙasa a kan ganga. A cikin shari'ar lokacin da aikin farko na girma yoshta shine don samun adadi mai kyau da kayan dadi, yana da kyau a kalli yankuna masu nisa da na noma. Shirye-shiryen wurin da aka zaɓa ya zama dole ne kawai a cikin yanayin idan weeds suna girma akan ita, kuma ƙasar ba ta samuwa ne ta hanyar haihuwa. A irin wannan yanayi, an yi amfani da ƙasa da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a cikin ma'auni na 15 kilogiram na 1 m².
Proper dasa Yoshta seedlings
Da zarar ka sayi yoshta sapling kuma shirya wurin da shi, zai yiwu a ci gaba da dasa shuki na shuka a cikin ƙasa. Duk da haka, kafin wannan, wajibi ne a sake duba kayan da aka samu, don cire rassan rassan da matattu.
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, an shuka yoshtu a wuri na dindindin na girma a spring ko kaka. Don yin wannan, fara fara rami tare da zurfin 50-60 cm kuma nisa na 50 cm (mafi yiwu ne, dangane da girman tsarin tsarin seedling). Taya ko humus (rabin guga), 100 g na superphosphate da rabin lita na itace ash an kara su a matsayin taki. Duk waɗannan takin mai magani suna haɗe da hade da ƙasa mai kyau, wanda aka cika a cikin rami 1/3 na girmansa. Kashi na gaba dole ne ya zama ƙasa mai laushi na ƙasa ba tare da takin mai magani ba, wanda aka zubo da guga na ruwa. Da zarar an shayar da ruwa, ana sanya sapling a tsakiyar ramin, an sa tushensa a mike, kuma rami ya rufe ƙasa, dan kadan ya dana ƙasa. A karshe, ana sake shayar da ƙasa kuma yana cike da peat, ciyawa ko hay (zaɓi). Yawan tsaka-tsalle ya kamata a game da 10 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ga mafi girma girma na seedlings nan da nan bayan dasa su pruned, barin biyu zuwa uku buds a kan kowane shoot.
Yawancin lokaci dasa shuki ya faru a cikin bazara, amma a wasu lokuta dasa shuki yoshta ya fi dacewa a cikin fall. Babu wani abu mai ban tsoro a ciki, kuma duk tsari yana biye da makircin da ke sama, tare da kawai bambanci cewa rami don seedlings an shirya makonni biyu kafin dasa.
Kula da lambun ku
Wadannan mazaunin lokacin rani waɗanda suka zabi yoshtu don dasa shuki a kan gonar su sun san cewa yana da sauƙin magance shi fiye da gooseberries, kuma ba shi da wuya a kula da currants. Ayyukan da aka gudanar sun rage don sassauta ƙasa a kusa da bishiyoyi, shayar daji, shayarwa na yau da kullum da kuma takin gargajiya na kasar gona da kuma kariya mai kyau na shrub daga kwari da cututtuka. Wato, a gaskiya, dukan kula da yoshta.
Ƙasa ta ƙura
Gurasar alkama ta haifar da daidaitattun daidaitattun alkama da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke ceton ku daga buƙatar saurin sassauta ƙasa a karkashin wani daji. Matsayin da ciyawa ya dace da takin gargajiya ko humus, wanda ke buƙatar 1-2 buckets da daji. Har ila yau an yi amfani da kyakkyawan zaɓi na amfani da peat. Bugu da ƙari, mulke ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kambi na shrub kuma a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayarsa ba zai haifar da tsarin gina jiki mai kyau ba a cikin ƙasa, amma kuma ya rage evaporation na danshi, kuma ya hana ci gaban weeds.
Shin kuna sani? Yoshta zai iya girma a wuri guda har zuwa shekaru 20, duk lokacin da yake murna da ku da girbi mai yawa.
Watering yoshty
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukatun don girma yoshta ne mai yawa da na yau da kullum watering na shrub. Rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da jinkirin girma da ci gaba da shuka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don kula da ruwan ƙasa a cikin bishiyoyi, musamman a lokacin girma. Yawan ruwa da aka gabatar ya kamata ya wanke ƙasa zuwa zurfin tushe, wanda shine 30-40 cm Aikin ruwa mai amfani a cikin wannan yanayin zai zama 20-30 l kowace 1 m² (ma'anar ruwa daya), kuma yawancin ban ruwa ya dogara ne akan lalacewar ƙasa na ƙasa, yanayin yanayi da kuma kasancewa / babu wani tsari na musamman a kan farfajiya.
Bugu da kari, wani muhimmin al'amari a wannan al'amari shine lokacin yin ruwa. Saboda haka, ya fi dacewa da ruwa da yoshta da sassafe ko kuma bayan da rana ta fara, yana zuba ruwa a cikin rassan madauri, wanda zurfinsa ya zama 10-15 cm (yawanci sun kasance a nesa da 30-40 cm daga tsinkayar kambi). Daga gefen gefen tsaunuka suna cika haɗin gine-gine masu tsayi, fifita 15. Idan ana shayar da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin rana mai ƙanshi, duk ruwan zai shafe sauri.
Yoshta taki
Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, yoshta, girma ne kawai a matsayin kayan ado na zane-zane, bazai buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa, amma idan kuna son samun girbi mai kyau kuma mai dadi, to wannan batun dole ne a ba da hankali sosai. Da kuma manyan, injin yayi amsa sosai ga haɗuwa kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun farko za ku buƙaci kilogen kilogiyoyi na kwayoyin halitta a kowace shekara. Bugu da kari, yoshta yana bukatar wasu na gina jiki: potassium sulphate (20 g a kowace shekara ta 1 m²) da kuma superphosphate (30-40 g da 1 m²). Da takin mai magani (ana iya amfani da sabbin mullein) kuma ana amfani da superphosphate zuwa kasar gona a farkon lokacin rani, kuma an kara potassium sulfate a cikin ƙasa a cikin kaka.
Shin kuna sani? Ana iya sauya takin mai magani mai sauƙin sauyawa ko tsuntsaye guda daya a wani rabo na 1:10 (amfani da ƙasa a farkon lokacin rani) da rabi lita-lita na itace a cikin kaka.
Yoshta aiki
Kamar sauran tsire-tsire, yoshta yana da saukin kaiwa ga kamuwa da kwari masu guba, ko da yake wannan ba babban matsala ba ne a lokacin da yake girma currants. Yoshta kwari suna yafi wakiltar daban-daban nau'in mites da aphids, kazalika da asu butterflies da ƙananan gilashi. Mafi mahimmanci na nufin yaki da wadannan kwari shine kwari "Akarin", "Agravertin", "Biotlin", "Detsis" da "Kleschevit". Duk da haka, don kare ka shuka daga mamayewa da kwari da cututtuka daban-daban, dole ne a gudanar da maganin tare da shirye-shirye na sama ba kawai don kula da yoshta ba, har ma don kare su. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin bazara (kafin buds fara furanni a kan shrub) da kuma a cikin fall (bayan shuka ya huta), ana bi da yoshta tare da kashi daya cikin kashi na ruwa na Bordeaux, jan karfe sulphate ko kashi bakwai-kashi urea bayani. Urea ne mafi kyawun zaɓi don wannan magani, tun da yake baya ga kariya daga kwari da kwari, har ila yau yana aikin aikin shuka shuke-shuke da takin mai magani. A kowane hali, zai yiwu a fara spraying kawai a lokacin da yawan zafin jiki a gonar kai +5 ºC.
Dukan nuances na pruning Yoshta
Kodayake yoshta ba buƙatar fassarar kayan aiki ba, har yanzu kuna fuskantar wannan bangare na kulawa da shuka. Sabili da haka, tare da farkon lokacin bazara, an yi tsire-tsire na shrub, wanda ya haɗa da kawar da raguwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da rage sassa masu lafiya waɗanda suka daskare dan kadan a cikin hunturu. Bugu da ƙari, bayan shekaru 7-8, wajibi ne don rage gajerun, barin sassa kawai da buds 6-8 a kanji. 
Ana rage yawan ma'aunin sanitary da kuma tsoma tsummoki. Da zarar bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi sun shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali, masu lambu sun yanke rassan da aka kakkarya, da kuma sassan da gilashin ya shafa. Bugu da ƙari, rassan rassan, waɗanda aka yanke kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawonsu, suna ƙarƙashin ragewa.
Yadda za a propagate yoshtu
Kamar currants, yoshta yana da dama da zaɓuɓɓuka don cin ganyayyaki, wanda ke nufin cewa kowane lambu zai iya zaɓar zabi mafi dacewa don kansa. Abin da zai zama (sassauki, rarraba wata shuka ko shuka shuki ta hanyar layering) - kawai ka yanke shawara, amma a kowane hali ya zama dole ya kula da siffofin kowane hanya.
Raba daji
Ana amfani da wannan zaɓin kiwo a cikin kaka kuma kawai a lokacin da ake daji daji. A wannan yanayin, haifuwa da shuka dashi don samar da ayyuka masu biyowa: bayan da aka haƙa wani daji, asalinsu suna tsabtace ƙasa mai laushi kuma an raba su cikin sassa tare da wuka mai maƙarƙashiya. Ya kamata kowannensu ya ci gaba da asalinsu da kuma karfi da yawa. Don dalilai na tsabta, ana amfani da shafukan gwaninta tare da murmushi, bayan da aka samu wuraren da aka ajiye a wuraren da aka shirya a baya. Yanayin yanki da shirye-shirye na ƙasa don dasawa suna aikata bisa ga ka'idodi da aka bayyana a baya.
Cuttings
Yoshta grafting a spring yana da matakai guda biyu don aiwatarwa: ta yin amfani da cututtukan kore ko ta hanyar sassan shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin, matattun harbe masu shekaru biyu zuwa hudu suna zaba don sayen jari. Zai fi kyau a yi haka a lokacin kaka (a cikin rabin rabin watan Satumba), tun a cikin wannan yanayin, cututtukan da aka shuka don samowa zasu sami lokacin da za su zauna da kuma shayewa kullum, kuma a cikin bazara za su yi girma tare. An cire daga ƙananan yarinya na titin yana da 5-6 buds kuma isa 20 cm cikin tsawon.
Yana da muhimmanci! Takobi mai ban sha'awa ba tare da dacewa da tsincewa ba yayin da ake amfani da cututtuka mai tsaka-tsaki.
Ana dasa bishiyoyi na yoshta a cikin ƙasa mai tursasawa a wani kusurwa na 45 º, yana ajiye zuwa nesa na 60-70 cm kawai kawai buds guda biyu kawai ya kasance a sama. Kamar dai yadda aka dasa shi sosai, ƙasar da ke kewaye da seedling tana karami ne, an shayar da shi kuma yana cike da peat. Amma ga korewar kore, a cikin wannan yanayin, akasin haka, apical cuttings, wanda shine 10-15 cm tsawo, sun fi dacewa.. Ana cire dukkan ƙananan ganye daga gare su, kuma babba suna rage ta ta uku na tsawon. 
Irin waɗannan cututtuka ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi a lokacin rani (daga Yuni zuwa farkon watan Satumba), amma mai sanyi yana da amfani. Ana sanya cututtukan haske sama da koda daga cikin cututtuka, bayan haka an sanya sassan ƙananan a cikin mafita-forming bayani kuma a bar shi a cikin sa'o'i 12. Bayan wannan lokaci, an cire kayan daji, wanke tare da ruwa mai tsabta kuma an dasa shi a cikin gine-gine mai gina jiki kusa da juna tare da ramin 45 º. Yanzu ya rage kawai don zubar da kwayoyin ta wurin kariya mai kyau kuma ya rufe murfin murya. Tsakanin gefen murfin da cutuka da kansu, dole a kiyaye sarari na akalla 15-20 cm.
Da farko bayan saukar da murfin ba za a iya dauke shi ba. Fresh iska da zafin jiki na +20 ºC ya kamata a kiyaye a cikin greenhouse, amma da zarar wannan darajar ya kai +25 ºC, an rufe murfi don samun iska. Idan aka bi duk shawarwarin, cututtukan yoshta za su dauki tushe cikin makonni 3-4, kuma zai yiwu a ci gaba da shawo kan hanyoyin ta hanyar cire kullun daga yau da kullum da kuma kara tsawon lokacin samun iska. Da zarar an yi amfani da cututtuka - an rufe murfin. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawan tsira da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da mahimmanci fiye da na ɓangarori masu rarraba na harbe, sabili da haka, amfani da wannan hanyar haifuwa yana da kyau.
Shiryawa
Yoshta haifuwa ta layering ne da za'ayi a farkon spring, da zaran kasar gona warms kadan. Don gane wannan shirin, kana buƙatar zaɓar rassan kayan lambu mai kyau ko rassan kayan lambu, sanya su a cikin tsaunuka kimanin 10 cm mai zurfi a shirye a cikin ƙasa da aka sassaƙa kuma a haɗa su da ƙugiyoyi na ƙera. Yawancin da ke sama da ƙasa an dasa su kuma an yayyafa su da ƙasa mai kyau. Da zarar cuttings bayyana harbe tare da tsawo na 10-12 cm, ya kamata a yafa masa ƙasa zuwa rabi. Bayan makonni biyu ko uku, za'a sake maimaita ƙasa a daidai wannan tsawo, kuma a cikin fall (ko ma mafi mafitar spring), an raba rassan da aka sare kuma an dasa su a wuri mai dindindin. Bugu da ƙari, a kwance otvodkov, tare da haifuwa na yoshta kuma iya amfani da arc ko tsaye na wannan hanya.
Yoshta Harvesting
Cikakken ripening na yoshta berries yana faruwa a cikin makonni 2-3, kuma nauyin kowannensu ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 7 grams. Ganin gaskiyar cewa berries da aka tattara a cikin gogaggen ripen a lokuta daban-daban, akwai yiwuwar jinkirin su a kan daji. 
Duk da haka, yayinda za'a iya yin girbi daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Yuli, tun da yake a wannan lokaci yoshta ya kai zurfin nazarin halittu. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itãcen shrub da sabo da kuma bayan aiki a cikin jam,' ya'yan itace suna sha, compotes, jam, jelly, jam, da dai sauransu. Dangane da yanayin climatic da matakin ripening, yoshta berries zasu iya zama m-mai dadi, mai dadi ko sosai m. Bayan ya yanke shawarar shuka wani yoshta a kan shirin ku, za ku fara tabbatar da cewa wannan wata shuka ce ta musamman wadda ta haɗa dukkan halayen currants da gooseberries.
