Pennisetum wata ciyawa ce mai tsire-tsire ta ƙasa zuwa arewacin Afirka. Ya kasance ga dangin Cereal. Anyi amfani dashi azaman wakilin kayan ado na genus Cirruscetinum tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 19.
Mashahuri ne tsakanin yan lambu saboda kyawunsa na musamman.
Bayanin Penisetum
Yana girma cikin tsayi kusan cm 80-200. Tana da ganye mai kunkuntar kusan 50-60 cm. Spikes 6 mm a tsayi, yana dauke da fure daya, ana tattara su cikin ƙyalli mai fasalin launi 3-6 kowannensu, wanda ya kai cm 30 a tsayi. An rufe kunne da yawa villi mai tsayi daban-daban. Launinsu launuka iri-iri ne: akwai ruwan hoda-purple, burgundy, launin ruwan kasa, kirjin ciki har ma da nau'in kore. Gashi mai tushe ne mai wuya, suna kuma da gajere. Furen pennisetum yana tsakiyar tsakiyar ƙarshen Yuli.
Shahararrun nau'ikan pennisetum
Tsarin halittar ya hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu, kowannensu yana nuna girmansa da launi na furanni.
| Dubawa | Bayani, fasali | Bar | Spikelets inflorescences |
| Mai sauki | Tsayin daskarar 100-120 cm tsayin daka da kafaffen tsari, yana jure tsananin sanyi. | Tsatsi, cm 50. Grey ko launin toka kore. | Babban, canza launi yayin fure daga kore zuwa rawaya da ruwan kasa. |
| Grey (gero na Afirka) | 120-200 cm madaidaiciya mai tushe mai tushe. | Game da 3 cm fadi. Maroon da tarkon tagulla. | Daidaita, da wadatar launi mai launin ruwan kasa. |
| Foxtail | 90-110 cm. Mai kauri mai tushe. Bishiyar sanyi | Haske mai haske, mai tsawo, ya nuna zuwa ƙarshen. A cikin fall sun sami launin toka. | M, ruwan hoda, burgundy ko whitish tare da jan tint. Shapeaukar hoto. |
| Gabas | 80-100 cm, rarraba a Tsakiyar Asiya. The mai tushe ne na bakin ciki, da karfi. Hardy hunturu. | Aƙalla kusan 0.3 cm fadi, kore mai zurfi. | 5-12 cm tsayi, purplish ruwan hoda. An rufe shi da baƙin ƙarfe har zuwa 2,5 cm. |
| Shaggy | Aturearamin kallo: 30-60 cm a tsayi. | Flat, faɗin 0.5-1 cm. Kore mai duhu. | Ellipsoidal inflorescences 3-8 cm cm Cirrus villi har zuwa 0.5 cm tsayi. Farar fata, launin toka-mai-shuni da launin ruwan hoda. |
| Bristly | 70-130 cm.Ko mai zafi, tushen jure fari. | 0.6-0.8 cm fadi. Haske kore, ya nuna. | Babban, 15-20 cm a tsawon. M ko ruwan hoda tare da tintaccen azurfa. |
| Hamiln (Hameln) | Yana yarda da sanyi. Mai ja mai tushe 30-60 cm tsayi. | M, kunkuntar. A lokacin fall, launi ya canza daga kore zuwa rawaya. | 20 cm tsawo, 5 cm fadi. M, launin rawaya, shunayya ko ruwan lemo mai haske tare da tintin ruwan hoda. |
| Ja kai | 40-70 cm.Koran daji mai tsayi, tushen tushen ya inganta sosai, yana tsayayya da sanyi zuwa -26 ° C. | Grey-kore, mai elongated kuma ya nuna zuwa ƙarshen, m. | 10-15 cm .. M, ruwan hoda ko burgundy tare da wadataccen launin toka mai launin toka. |
| Viredescence | 70 cm. Jinsunan-hunturu mai tsananin ƙarfi tare da mai yawa mai tushe da kuma babban daji. | Drooping, kore mai duhu, kunkuntar. A cikin fall suna samun launin shuɗi. | M, daidaitattun masu girma dabam, suna da nau'i mai sauƙi. |
Ctionarfafawa da dasa ƙwayar pennisetum a cikin ƙasa
Ana shuka tsaba a yawanci a cikin bazara, a farkon Mayu, lokacin da yanayin ya zama m da dumi.
- Da farko tono sama da matakin yankin don disembarkation. Yawancin lokaci wannan shine sarari tare da shinge.
- Sa'an nan kuma an warwatsa tsaba kuma a binne shi kaɗan ta amfani da rake.
- Sakamakon furanni ana shayar dashi akai-akai don haka babu ɓarna.
- Lokacin da 'ya'yan seedlings na farko suka bayyana, an cire su saboda nisa tsakanin bushes shine 70-80 cm.
Pennissum seedlings an shirya su a cikin watan Fabrairu-Maris kuma an dasa su a watan Mayu.
- Yi ƙasa mai gina jiki wanda ya dogara da peat.
- A cikin kowane akwati kowane mutum, ana yin ramuka na magudanar ruwa kuma ba'a sanya fiye da tsaba 2 ba.
- Suna ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse: suna fesa ƙasa a kowace rana, suna rufe akwati tare da tsare, suna riƙe haske mai haske, zazzabi ɗakuna kuma suna samun iska a kai a kai.
- Harbi ya tashi a kusan mako guda.
- Cire tsari kuma shigar da ƙarin wutar lantarki (phytolamps).
- Lokacin da shukar ta kai 10-15 cm, ana shuka ta a buɗe.
Pennisetum an yadu dashi a cikin ciyawar. Ku ciyar kowane 5-6 shekaru, yayin da yawan zafin jiki na iska kada ya yi yawa sosai.
- Matasa sprouts, tare da tsarin tushen da aka kafa, ana haƙa a hankali don kada su lalata shuka.
- Isasa ta kwance kuma ta hadu da peat, sawdust ko humus.
- Tushen ana shuka shi kuma ana binne shi gaba ɗaya, yana barin kawai ɓangaren kore a ƙasa.
- Shayar kamar tana bushewa tsawon makonni 2-3, har sai daji ya samo tushe.
- Matashi pennisetum zai yi fure a cikin watanni 1-2, to, an daina hana ruwa sosai.
Hakanan yana yaduwa ta hanyar dasa kai kuma baya buƙatar saƙo a waje. Wannan na faruwa a cikin tsabtatattun bishiyoyi.
Kula da azzakari a cikin lambun
Domin kirfa ya girma cikin koshin lafiya da kuma farin ciki tare da sabon salo, ya zama dole a kula dashi da kyau.
| Gaskiya | Abubuwan da suka faru |
| Kasar | Yi amfani da substrates na duniya ko ƙara peat tare da ash. Yawo da mako-mako daga ciyawa. |
| Wuri | Dasa cikin kyawawan wurare inda akwai hasken rana kai tsaye. Hakanan, kar a sanya ɗan ƙaramin tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin rumfuna daban daban ko greenhouses. Pennisetum yana da kyau kafa tare fences, fences ko gine-gine. Lokacin amfani da daji a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, mahalinta zai iya zama ya bambanta. |
| Zazzabi | Dasa dasa a watan Mayu, lokacin da iska ba ta da lokacin ƙarshe don dumama, amma babu yuwuwar sanyi. Itace ba a fassara shi ba, amma baya jure yanayin zafi sosai kuma yana buƙatar a jika shi sosai. |
| Watse | Babu ƙarin buƙata. Ana yin amfani da ƙasa kawai tare da rashi tsawon lokaci babu ruwan sama ko zafi sosai (Yuli-Agusta). |
| Takin | Yi amfani da riguna masu ma'adinai waɗanda ke ɗauke da nitrogen, potassium ko phosphorus. Hakanan an yi amfani da kwayoyin, misali - taki, humus. Ana ciyar da su Kristallon, Plantafol, Ammophos, Kemira. |
| Juyawa | Ana gudanar da shi ne kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi (misali, a lokacin hunturu), tun da yanayin dajin yake lalacewa kuma yana iya mutu. |
| Hunturu | An rufe nau'ikan Perennial da iri iri tare da shimfiɗa ta musamman, kuma yayyafa ƙasa a kusa da shuka an yayyafa shi da bushewar ganye ko allura don tabbatar da amincin tushen tsarin. Gashi mai tushe ba ya bushe - wannan yana zama ƙarin kariya ne don azzakari. A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ke faɗuwa, an cire ɓangaren ƙasa mai bushe da kuma tsari da aka shirya don hunturu ana cire su. Idan shuka shine shekara, an dasa shi gaba a cikin babban akwati kuma, tare da farkon sanyi, an kawo shi a cikin ɗakin dumi. |
Matsalar girma na Penisetum, cututtuka da kwari
Kodayake pennisetum yana tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, lokuta na mutuwar daji ba sabon abu bane, sabili da haka, ana lura da tsire-tsire a hankali kuma an kawar da su yayin da suke tashi.
| Alama | Dalili | Hanyar gyarawa |
| Kara tushe, daji yana fadada. | M akai-akai. | Rage danshi ko dakatar dashi gabaɗaya kafin fari. |
| Bar bar juya launin rawaya, fada a kashe. | Isasa ta yi birgima. | An shirya Watering sau 2 a mako tsawon wata guda, sannan a dawo da ma'aunin, idan daji yana buqatar sa. |
| A shuka ba ya murmure bayan hunturu. | Lokacin sanyi yayi sanyi. | Lokaci na gaba da suka girma pennisetum a cikin tukunya ko baho, wanda a ƙarshen Oktoba an canja shi zuwa ɗakin don hunturu har zuwa farkon Mayu. |
| Duhun duhu akan ganye. | Cuta: tsatsa. Wuce kima. | Aka fesa tare da fungicides. Canza daji cikin sabuwar ƙasa. |
| Voanan voids suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki da tushe. Rawaya mai launin ja ko ja sun bayyana, harbe-harbe sun mutu a kashe. | Garkuwa. | Yi amfani da maganin sabulu da barasa, tincture na fern da waɗannan sinadarai kamar Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos. |
| Insectsanan ƙaramin kwari sun bayyana a ko'ina cikin itacen. Mai tushe da ganye ya bushe, azzakarin ya lalace. | Aphids. | Suna haɓaka mita na yawan ruwa, bi da fure tare da maganin sabulu ko tincture na bawo lemun tsami. Shirye-shirye na musamman na hanji (Intavir, Actofit) sun fi dacewa da kula da kwaro. |
| An rufe tsire-tsire tare da gidan yanar gizo na bakin ciki, kuma ana gani da'irori na orange a bayan ganye. | Spider mite. | Danshi da ciyawar kuma a rufe ta da polyethylene tsawon kwanaki. Ana kula dasu tare da Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm kwayoyi na wata ɗaya bisa ga umarnin. |
| Pestsananan kwari kwari a cikin ganyayyaki, inflorescences da kara. Farar farar fata da kifayen ajiya. | Mealybug. | An cire abubuwan haɓaka da ɓangarorin ƙwayar shuka. Ana kula da ƙasa tare da maganin barasa, ana cire parasites. Actara, Mospilan, Actellik, Calypso suna da girma don gwagwarmaya. |
