Yadda za a magance cutar faski da kwari

Kowane lambu yana so ya sami kyakkyawan girbi mai kyau, amma ba koyaushe ba itace. Sau da yawa kayan lambu suna kai hari ta hanyar kwari ko cutar.

Abincin ya sha wahala daga waɗannan mummunan abubuwa, saboda haka kana buƙatar samun jagoran cikin matsalolin matsalolin lambu kuma ku iya daukar matakan don magance su.

Dalilin faski fashi a cikin ƙasa

Lokacin da girma faski za a iya fuskanci matsalar ta yellowing.

Wannan yana iya zama saboda dalilai daban-daban:

• rashin danshi ko na gina jiki;
• lalacewar cututtuka;
• cutar lalata.

Bari mu bincika dalla-dalla dalla-dalla na biyu.

Bayyana fasalin faski na yau da kullum

Yawancin cututtuka na faski suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, saboda haka yana da wuya a gano cutar. Yi la'akari da siffofin mafi yawan.

Shin kuna sani? F. Miller a cikin "The Gardener's Dictionary" (1805) da ake kira faski "kisa kananan tsuntsaye." Har ila yau, ya ce yana cutar da idanun gani kuma yana haifar da annoba.

Mealy dew

Kwayar cuta ta yau da kullum wanda ke shafar dukkan sassa na shuka.

Its main bayyanar cututtuka su ne:

• halin bayyanar farar fata, wanda shine tsoffin mycelium;
• da samuwar jikin jiki, canza launi na mycelium, ya zama launin toka mai duhu;
• propagated by Conidial sporulation;
• tushen kamuwa da cuta shine magungunan shuke-shuke masu kamuwa.

Mafarki mai fatalwa yana haifar da naman gwari Erysiphe umbelliferarum.

Stolbur

Phytoplasma shine wakili mai motsi, kuma yana dauke da cicadas.

Za ka iya ƙayyade ta hanyar siffofin da ke gaba:

• halin chlorosis, wanda yake nuna kanta a farkon gefen leaf leaf;
• Dukan ganye yana da hankali a hankali;
• Yankin da ya shafa ya zama ja;
• tsire-tsire yana baya a ci gaban, kuma daga baya ya bushe;
• bayyanar cutar ta farko ta bayyana kusan wata daya bayan kamuwa da cuta, wannan ya faru a karshen Yuli ko farkon Agusta;
• dabbar ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shinge masu tsalle a kan tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire;
• yawancin cutar ya danganta da hijira na tsikadok.

Septoria, ko farar fata

Pathology yana da asali na asali kuma an gane shi ta hanyar halayen halayen:

• launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a kowane bangare (ganye ko mai tushe) na shuka;
• daga baya, launi na spots ya canza zuwa kashe-fari tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
• a cikin sassan baya daga cikin rauni, faski ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya bushe;
• yanayin jin dadi shine yanayi mara kyau;
• Cigaba na ci gaba da sharan gona.

Rust

Kwayoyin cututtuka sun haɗa da:

• alamun farko sun bayyana a farkon lokacin rani;
• spots (tare da diamita na game da 0.5 mm) launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a baya na takarda farantin;
• Za a iya warwatsewa ko rukuni;
• Ƙarin ɓangare da sashi suna shafar;
• lalacewar ta sami launin ruwan launi kuma ya zama foda;
• da al'adun juya launin rawaya kuma ya rasa dandano;
• a kan ragowar tsire-tsire, da magungunan, wanda ke haifar da basidium, ana kiyaye su. Kwayar cuta ta farko ta faru ne ta hanyar basidiospores.

Dalilin shi ne kamuwa da cuta tare da naman gwari Puccinia petroselini Lindr.

Jaundice

Jaundice hoto ne a cikin yanayin. Ya yada zuwa al'adu da yawa kuma an yada ta murmushi.

Cutar cututtuka na cutar sune:

• yellowing na leaf veins;
• Maɗaukaki fadada na mai tushe;
• Tushen tushen tushen samfurori na biyu kamar kama;
• Winters a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na perennial shuke-shuke.

Bright dwarfism

Wani ciwo mai cututtukan daji, wadda take dauke da aphid. Ba'a samu samuwa a cikin faski.

Its main bayyanar cututtuka su ne:

• a mataki na 3-4 zanen gado yakan haifar da curvature da rage daga cikin leaf petiole;
• ganye ya zama ƙananan kuma an rufe shi da chlorosis a cikin wani nau'i na wurare masu duhu da haske;
• lalacewa da karkatacciyar ganye suna kiyayewa;
• Za'a iya ganin redness tare da gefuna na chlorosis.

Bacteriosis baka

Kwayar da kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa tana da wadannan alamar cututtuka:

• ganye an rufe shi da hasken haske;
• a tsawon lokaci, zubin da ke rufewa ya yi duhu;
• An lalacewa da launi tare da zubar da jini.

Fomoz

Ƙananan launin ruwan kasa zai iya bunkasa cikin siffofin 2.

Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka suna lura a kan tsire-tsire:

• raguwar duhu da shunayya masu launi suna fitowa a gindin petioles da kuma abubuwan da aka haɓaka;
• Mafi yawan lokuta an kafa wani taro mai kwalliya a kan spots;
• daga bisani, wuraren da suka shafa sun zama launin toka, sun bushe kuma sun zama m;
• yankunan da suka shafi yankakken sun mutu;
• rarraba ya fito ne ta hanyar rassan shuka da tsaba;
• ƙananan bishiyar da ke gaba gaba ne kuma shine na farko da zai kamu da cutar, amma cutar ta yadu da sauri kuma ta rufe manyan yankuna;
• an lura da ilimin cututtuka a ƙarshen lokacin rani - farkon lokacin kaka, kusan a karshen kakar girma;
• sharadi mai kyau - high zafi.

Na biyu nau'i na fomoz - tushen rot, wanda aka riga ya lura a cikin vaults. Kayan kayan lambu an rufe su da launin toka masu launin toka, a ƙarƙashin abin da aka kafa masana'antun launin ruwan kasa. Gabatarwa da dandano kayan da suka ci gaba da karuwa sosai. Har ila yau, rage rayuwar rayuwa ta amfanin gona.

Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da faski ba kawai don magani ko dafa abinci ba. Girkawa sun gan ta cikin jana'izar jana'izar da kuma wa] anda suka lashe gasar wasanni. Kuma Romawa suna saka irin wannan nau'ikan don hana maye a lokacin bukukuwan.

Perinosporosis

Halin halayensa shine:

• Ƙananan ɓangaren ganye suna cike da chlorosis;
• Ganowa yana samo launin launi mai haske, angularity da maniness;
• daga baya, spots sun zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma an rufe ɗakunan su tare da taɓa launin launin toka-launin toka;
• Ƙwayoyin da suka shafa sun bushe, da kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
• cutar ta cigaba a cikin yanayin sanyi tare da zazzabi of about + 15 ... + 20 ° С;
• Maganar cutar ita ce ragowar faski.

Downy mildew wata cuta ce.

Bayyana faski kwari

Baya ga cututtuka, faski an kai hari ta hanyar kwari. Bari mu kira mafi yawan kowa.

Carrot listobloshka

Wadannan haske kore kananan kwari suna da wadannan cutarwa sakamakon:

• ingancin shuka shine abinci ga duka samfurori da kuma larvae;
• ganye suna lalacewa kuma an rufe su;
• takarda rosette ya sami terry;
• Daga bisani daga bisani sai faduwa da dama;
• Tushen kwayoyi sun zama da wuya, sun rasa dandano da juiciness.

Yarda Nematode

Ana samun wannan kwaro a albasa da tafarnuwa, amma yana rinjayar faski.

Nematode da larvae suna cin abinci a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na kayan yaji, suna haifar da damuwa a cikin ci gabanta:

• ganye juya launin rawaya kuma ya mutu;
• Bishiyoyi suna tsumburai;
• fararen tsirrai masu tsauraran zaɓuɓɓuka suna ninka ta hanyar kwashe larvae a cikin kyallen kyama. Lokacin da ƙananan bishiyoyi suka mutu, sai su fara zuwa ƙasa don bincika kayan lambu na sabon kayan lambu.

Carrot tashi

Yana da karamin (har zuwa 5 mm) kwari, tare da ciki baƙar fata da launin kore, launin rawaya da launin launin ruwan kasa.

Yana rinjayar kusan dukkanin al'adun gargajiya:

• a karshen May lays qwai a tushen;
• da larvae shiga cikin tushen tsarin, tareda žata shi tare da taron motsa, daga baya yawa cikin ƙasa;
• A tsakiyar lokacin rani, ƙarni na biyu na kwari ya bayyana, kuma duk abin da ya sake. Wadannan larvae, pupated, hunturu a ƙasa;
• Sakamakon amfanin gona ya zama abin da ba a dace ba don ajiya, kuma ganye suna samun sutura mai launin muni, suna juya rawaya da bushe;
• ƙuƙwalwar yana son wurare mai tsabta sosai.

Gourd Aphid

Wannan kwari yana rinjayar ba kawai melons da gourds ba, amma har faski. Yana da ƙananan size (1.2-1.8 mm) kuma launi daga rawaya zuwa kusan baki.

Ƙungiyoyinta da kuma tsofaffi, suna kasancewa a ciki na ganye, suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Halin ƙwayar cuta shine cewa kwari:

• tsoma bakin sa daga tsire-tsire yana haifar da bushewa, rawaya da mutuwa;
• da ciwon ɓarna a cikin ƙasa (a kan ragowar weeds ko shuke-shuke da aka haife), tun daga watan Mayu zuwa karshen kakar girma, ya kasance fiye da shekaru 10;
• su ne masu ɗaukar nau'o'in cututtuka.

Wayoyi don magance cututtuka da kwari

Don magance kwari da cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya ko magunguna.

Hanyar mutane

Tare da shan kashi na faski tley amfani da wadannan magunguna masu biyowa:

• a cikin zafi ya kamata fesa da bushes tare da ruwa;
• maimakon ruwa, zaku iya amfani da jiko na tafarnuwa, tumatir ko dankalin turawa, albasa barkono, tansy ko wormwood. Don wani jiko take kimanin 400 g na kowane nau'in da aka lissafta kuma ya zuba guga na ruwan zãfi. Nace rana, bayan haka ƙara 40 g sabulu. Ku ciyar da jiyya na 2-3 tare da wani lokaci na kwanaki 4;
• idan aphids ba su da yawa, zaka iya feshi faski tare da ruwa mai sabulu (40 g da guga na ruwa);
• zinariya-sa ido da kuma ladybugs rage yawan aphids.

Yana da muhimmanci! Marigold, coriander, Mint, tafarnuwa ko Basil dasa kusa da faski zai hana bayyanar da haifuwa da kwari da yawa.

A cikin yakin da aka yi da kararraki ya shafi:

• a cakuda yashi tare da naphthalene (9: 1) an warwatsa a cikin gadaje a lokacin shuka;
• inter-jere yafa masa itace ash ko baki barkono;
• da albasarta da aka dasa a kusa da nan ta raunana kwari mai cutarwa.

Zai yi wuya a rabu da karas tare da taimakon hanyoyin mutane.

Kuna iya gwada kayan aiki masu zuwa:

• kula da dasa ƙurar taba;
• fesa tare da ruwa mai kyama (40 g da guga na ruwa);
• tattara da kuma halakar ƙwayoyin kwari.

Don magance matakan nematode, zaka iya amfani da wadannan infusions:

1. Gashi 1 kg na calendula da kuma zuba guga na dumi ruwa, nace 2 days da kuma amfani da watering ko spraying.
2. Ga shiri na albasa daga kai 0.5 kilogiram na albasa, zuba guga na ruwa da kuma nace rana. Ruwa game da sau 3 da hutu na mako.
3. A kai 300 g na furanni da kuma ganye na nasturtium, zuba 5 lita na ruwa, nace rana. Yi amfani da shi don watering, kazalika da jiko na baya.

Muna bada shawarar mu koyi yadda za a shuka faski don ci gaba da sauri.

Magunguna a cikin yaki da cututtuka na faski suna da kyau, amma zaka iya gwadawa:

1. A lokacin da powdery mildew iya feshi da bushes tare da bayani na 1 tbsp. lita na soda da 0.5 tsp. ruwa sabulu zuwa 4 lita na ruwa. Don aiwatar da sau 3 tare da tazarar mako. Ko kuma shirya wani bayani na whey, diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10.
2. A lokacin da kamuwa da powdery mildew (peronosporosis), a magani magani (3 l) + 1 tsp da ake amfani. jan karfe sulphate a cikin 7 lita na ruwa. Fasar ya kamata a bi da shi tare da wannan wakili.
3. Rust lalacewa zai hana matsakaici watering.

Kula! Don rage rashin lafiyar cutar, yana da muhimmanci a maimaita noma da faski tare da tumatir, legumes da kuma beets.

Hanyar sarrafawa

Domin cututtuka daban-daban sunyi amfani da sunadaran:

• tare da septoria Ana gudanar da wannan magani tare da "Energen" (20 saukad da kowace lita na ruwa) a farkon watan Yuli, sannan kuma maimaita bayan kwanaki 10. Zaka kuma iya amfani da "Riba" bisa ga umarnin;
• daga septoria Tsarin lokaci na 2 na matasa da tsire-tsire ko gauraye mai zurfi ko kashi 1% na sulfate za su taimaka (jigilar a cikin makonni uku);
• lokacin da bayyanar cututtukan alamun bacteriosis sun bayyana, magunguna irin su Planriz ko TMTD ana amfani dasu daidai da umarnin;
• magani biyu tare da ruwa na ruwa 1% (tare da hutu na kwanaki 10) ana gudanar tare da bayyanar cututtuka na fomoz;
• tare da tsatsa masu fashewa "Topaz", "Baktofit", "Fitosporin-M" bisa ga umarnin. An fara yin maganin farko lokacin da aka gano alamun bayyanar, kuma maimaitawa - a cikin makonni 1-2;
• tare da faty mildew bayyanar cututtuka da masu amfani da furotin "Bayleton" ko "Fundazol" ana amfani da su kamar yadda aka kunshin.

Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da ake kula da tsire-tsire da sinadarai kana buƙatar tuna cewa irin wannan ganye ba za a ci ba. Wajibi ne a karanta a hankali don ka san lokacin da za'a yi faski.

Har ila yau, an yi amfani da ilmin sunadarai a cikin kwayar tsire-tsire ta karro:

• a cikin yaki da aphids kwayoyi masu mahimmanci irin su "Fitoverm-1" (5 ml da lita 5 na ruwa), Spark (1 kwamfutar hannu da lita 10 na ruwa mai dumi), Karbofos (60 g da lita 10 na ruwa), kazalika da magudi na sulfur. Bayan aiki da shuka, yana da kyawawa don rufe fim don rana, wannan zai taimaka wajen halakar da dukkan kwari.
• listobloshka hallaka a lokacin da ake shirya shirye-shiryen "Spark" ko "Fitoverm". An fara yin gwaji na farko a watan Mayu (bayyanar rikici na kwaro), kuma na biyu a Yuni (bayyanar larvae). Listobloshki overwinter a kan coniferous shuke-shuke, don haka yana da shawara don aiwatar da su (farkon spring da marigayi kaka) "Karbofos" (60 g da lita 10 na ruwa);
• don yaki da karas Ana amfani da kaya irin su Inta-Vir, Decis ko Vega. Ana gudanar da jiyya a watan Mayu (kwanciya);
• samfurori da ke dauke da mercaptophos ko phosphamide ana amfani da su a cikin yaki da nematode. Irin wannan shirye-shirye ne "BI-58", "Dimethoat" da "Rogor". Kafin amfani, dole ne ka karanta taƙaitaccen bayani.

Fidio: Shirye-shiryen halittu don kare kariya daga kwari da cututtuka

Tsarin kariya

Don faski da farin ciki da bayyanar su, dadi ne kuma basu da kwari da cututtuka, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da matakai masu guba:

• shuka iri iri (Fresco, Natalka, Titan ko Abubuwa);
• Yi amfani kawai da lafiya da kuma high quality iri don shuka;
• gudanar da cututtuka iri. A karshen wannan, ana daɗa su cikin dumi (+ 45 ... + 48 ° C) ruwa na minti 20. Zaka kuma iya amfani da 1.5% bayani na potassium permanganate (jiƙa na minti 20 da kuma kurkura tare da ruwa);
• dasa a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta, a cikin gadaje mai tsabta daga gandun daji na coniferous;
• biye da juyayi (madaidaicin tumatir, beets ko legumes) kuma sanya wuri ɗaya ba a baya ba a cikin shekaru 3;
• dasa bayan tumatir, kabeji, cucumbers ko peas;
• halakar da weeds da shuka sharan gona (pathogens da yawa cututtuka iya ci gaba);
• takin tare da kayan cin abinci da na phosphorus. Acidic kasa sanyi;
• shimfiɗa bakin ciki (a cikin lokaci 2 na waɗannan zanen gado);
• dace weeding da loosening;
• An girbe amfanin gona na tushen lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauke zuwa + 5 ° C.