Kwayoyin cututtuka, da rashin alheri, sukan shafi dawakai. Alal misali, mafi yawa daga cikinsu basu da kyau, don haka kowane mai amfani da doki zai iya gano cutar. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu magana game da irin wannan cututtuka kamar glanders, da kuma bayyana yadda za a gane, tantancewa da kuma hana su.
Menene wannan cuta
Sap ne cuta mai cututtuka. Yana da m kuma yana tare da samuwa a kan fata da mucous membranes na ulcers, pustules, da dama abscesses a cikin gabobin ciki.
Binciki yadda doki zai iya samun rashin lafiya.
Pathogen, asali na kamuwa da cuta
Maganin mai cutar da cutar shine Gram-negative bacilli Burkholderia mallei na iyali Burkholderiaceae. A cikin yanayi na waje, wannan kwayar halitta ba ta da ƙarfi, yana tsiro a kan dandamali na gina jiki. A cikin ƙasa da ruwa, tsayayyar su yana da kwanaki 60, kuma a cikin sauƙi na dabbobi marasa lafiya - 14-20 days.
Burkholderia mallei da sauri ya mutu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin zafi da radiation ultraviolet. Bugu da ƙari, ɓacin yana da kyau ga marasa lafiya. 
Tsarin glanders a duniya, Jihar 2017. Yana yiwuwa a harba tare da glanders daga wasu dabbobin gida (alfadarai, jakuna, raƙuma, ƙananan awaki, karnuka, cats). Mafi sau da yawa dabbobi suna kamuwa da cutar a cikin Kudancin Kudancin Amirka, Asiya da Afrika.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mutane suna da rashin lafiya tare da glanders quite wuya.Kamuwa da cuta yakan faru lokacin da pathogen ya shiga cikin lalacewa, launi na mucous na fili ko na narkewa. Samun shiga jini, kwayar cutar ta haifar da bayyanar granulomas a cikin gabobin, wanda zubin jini zai iya faruwa kuma tsarin aiwatar da pizemic yana faruwa.
Cutar cututtuka da kuma irin wannan cutar
Sakamakon cutar a farkon mataki ya zo ba tare da bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka ba, yana kasancewa mafi yawan gaske a jikin gabobin ciki. Abubuwan da ba a gani sun bayyana makonni 4 bayan kamuwa da cuta, don haka ciwon kamuwa da cuta yana nunawa ta hanyar rashin lafiyar Mallein, wanda ke faruwa 14-20 days bayan kamuwa da cuta. 
Dangane da yanayin wurin kamuwa da cuta, waɗannan siffofin suna bambanta:
- akidar;
- nas;
- fata
Koyi game da cututtuka na idanu da bangarorin dawakai.Sapa yana da siffofin 3:
- m siffar. Halin saurin cutar shine kwanaki 1-5. Kwayar ta fara tasowa tare da tashi a cikin zazzabi zuwa + 41-42 ° C, bayyanar kai da haɗin gwiwa, zazzabi, da tsoka da rawar jiki. Conjunctiva da ƙananan mucous membranes suna da tsinkaye, bugun jini yana raunana (60-80 batti a minti daya), numfashi yana zama sau da yawa da kuma tsaka-tsaki. Dabba ya zama maraba, ya rasa ci.
Tsuntsu na Red ya bayyana a jikin mucous membrane na hanci, kuma bayan kwanaki 2-3, nodules na launin naman suna bayyane a wurin su, wanda ya fadi, yana haifar da ƙwayar zagaye ko na fata. Ana kwantar da ruwa mai kwakwalwa tare da jinin jini daga wadannan raunuka.Yana da muhimmanci! Canje-canje a yankin na gida yana faruwa bayan shan kashi daga cikin huhu.
Ƙara yawan ciwon daji zai iya haɗuwa, yana haifar da samun ciwon ƙananan ciwon ciki. Idan maida hankali ya ci gaba, ƙananan septum da concha suna rarraba.
A lokaci guda kuma yana motsawa daga hanzari, kuma numfashi yana raguwa. Idan cutar ta jinkirta, ta zama mai ci gaba. Magunguna suna warkar da su, kuma a wurin su, fashewar alamar tauraro suna bayyana.
Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da aka shafi yankin na ƙananan ƙwayoyin, an cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin tsari. Suna kumbura, zama zafi da ciwo. Bayan haka, ana rufe sakonni kuma ya zama gyara. 
Cikin yanayin sauƙin fata, cututtuka na launi suna mafi yawa a cikin wuyansa, kai, prepuce, da tsauraran matuka. Da farko, a kan fata, mummunan kumburi mai laushi ya faru, wanda ya rushe bayan kwanaki 1-2, kuma a cikin matsayinsu masu yawa suna bayyana, wanda nan da nan ya rushe kuma ya zama raunuka.
Koyi yadda za a bi da dawakai na kuda.
Hannuwan ƙwayoyin cuta a lokaci guda suna karawa kuma a cikin hanyarsu suna nuna haske. Wadannan hatimin sunyi laushi da kuma bude kansu. 
Wannan mummunan tsari yana da kwanaki 8-30 kuma ya ƙare ko dai yana tare da mutuwa, ko yana gudana cikin siffar na yau da kullum;
- nau'i na kullum. Yana da yawanci a cikin dawakai (kimanin kashi 90% na lokuta) kuma zai iya wucewa daga wasu watanni zuwa shekaru da yawa. Sau da yawa saya ba tare da cikakken hoto na hoto. Babban bayyanar cututtuka na cutar sune: bushe tari, pulmonary emphysema, asarar nauyi.
A kan mucous membranes na hanci za a iya gani scars a matsayin wani tauraron, wanda ya tashi a kan shafin na tsawon lokaci ulcers. A lokaci guda karuwa da ƙarfafa ƙa'idodin ƙananan ƙaddamarwa za a iya kiyaye su. Wasu lokuta, lokacin da launin fata na jikin glanders a kan ƙwayoyin pelvic suna da karfi thickening (abin da ake kira elephantiasis);
- latent nau'i. Ana lura da shi a cikin yankunan da ba a san su ba. Zai iya faruwa ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba (yafi rinjaye na ciki na ciki) na shekaru masu yawa.
A kan mucous membranes na hanci za a iya gani scars a matsayin wani tauraron, wanda ya tashi a kan shafin na tsawon lokaci ulcers. A lokaci guda karuwa da ƙarfafa ƙa'idodin ƙananan ƙaddamarwa za a iya kiyaye su. Wasu lokuta, lokacin da launin fata na jikin glanders a kan ƙwayoyin pelvic suna da karfi thickening (abin da ake kira elephantiasis);
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin yanayin ciwon daji, cututtuka yana faruwa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Diagnostics
Zai yiwu a bincikar glanders tare da taimakon wasu gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje, wanda dole ne ya kasance tare da hanyoyin ƙwayoyin aiki wanda zai yiwu ya gano lalacewa ga gabobin ciki.
Sabanin dawakai ya bambanta daga myta, melioidosis, ulcers, rhinitis da lymphangitis epizootic.
Babban hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu shine:
- malleinization kwayoyin halitta. Ba ka damar gano cutar a 95% na lokuta. Mullein ana gudanar sau biyu tare da wani lokaci na 5-6 days. Ana gudanar da bincike ne da safe kuma an yi amfani da shi tare da bututun bakararre zuwa conjunctiva na ido mai kyau. An lura da wannan lokacin bayan kwanaki 3, 6, 9 da 24. Idan purulent conjunctivitis tasowa, ana ganin abin da ya dace. Wasu dabbobin suna nuna fitarwa daga hanzari. A cikin lokuta masu wuya, wannan karfin yana nuna kanta a ido na biyu. Idan amsar ita ce mummunan ko kuma a cikin shakka, bayan kwanaki 5-6, ana sake maimaita maimaitawa a cikin ido ɗaya;
- motainization subcutaneous. Amfani - 95%. An yi shi a yanayin idan dabba yana da ƙwayar ido. A wannan yanayin, ana yin la'akari da yawan zafin jiki - kada ta kasance sama da +38.5 ° C. Mullein an allura subcutaneously a cikin wuyan ƙwayar. Kashegari, a 6 am, auna ma'aunin zazzabi. Ana ɗaukar karatun da yawa bayan 18, 24 da 36 hours. Ana haifar da sakamakon ta canza yanayin zafin jiki da na gida. Amsar an yi la'akari da inganci idan zafin jiki ya kai +40 ° C kuma ya tsaya a wannan mataki na tsawon sa'o'i 6-8. Kasancewar kamuwa da cutar yana nuna alamar kisa a wurin inji kuma yawan zazzabi yana sama da +39.6 ° C. Idan kumburi ba ya samuwa a wurin gizon ko inganci kuma yawan zafin jiki ba ya tashi sama da +39 ° C, an dauki dauki abu ne;
- hanya intradermal. An yi amfani da shi don yin nazarin dawakai na daji. Mallein an allura cikin wuyansa kuma an kula da shi tsawon awa 48. Idan zafi, mai ciwo mai raɗaɗi tare da kwakwalwa ta fili ya samo asali a wurin ginin, an dauki abin da ya dace. Idan babu amsa ga mallein, ana sake maimaita allura bayan sa'o'i 48 kuma ya lura cikin sa'o'i 24;
- yin nazarin kwayar cutar jini a cikin abin da ya dace. Irin wannan bincike ne kawai yake faruwa ne kawai a cikin dawakan da ke da kyakkyawan sakamako ga mallein. Irin wannan bincike ya bambanta mutane tare da tsari mai amfani da sapnom.
Shin kuna sani? A farkon karni na 20, glanders a Rasha sun kasance na kowa. Sai dai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sun dauki wannan cuta a rayayye. Sakamakon haka - an kawar da cutar a kan yankin na USSR a shekarar 1940.
Sanin asalin sap: bidiyo
Canje-canjen Pathological
Sai kawai a cikin lokuta masu ban mamaki (alal misali, don bayyana ganewar asali) an yarda da autopsy. A lokaci guda, yanayin da ya hana yaduwar cutar ya kasance an kiyaye shi sosai.
Tsarin pathological ya dogara da nau'i da aiwatar da cutar. Harshen fata da launin fata suna kama da alamun da ke faruwa a lokacin rayuwa. Lokacin da aka buɗe a kan membrane mucous na larynx da trachea sami nodules.
Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan takalma an rufe shi da kwayoyin huhu da ƙwayoyin lymph, a wasu lokuta - hanta, ƙwanƙwasa da kodan (akwai granulomas irin su tarin fuka).
Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko, Aristotle ya bayyana Sap a farkon karni na 4 BC. Amma na dogon lokaci wannan cutar ba a bred a matsayin jinsin bambanci, tun lokacin da aka dauke shi da nau'in asu da lymphangitis.
Idan akwai nau'i na huhu, zane mai laushi ko sapovaya ciwon huhu yana iya kasancewa. Lambobin lymph a cikin gida suna da haɗari, tare da yanke, haɗin necrotic da lissafin lissafi ana samuwa a wasu. Tare da yaduwar glanders, ana iya samun irin wannan tsari a cikin hanta, yalwa da sauran kwayoyin. 
Kwayar da glanders ya shafa
Jiyya
Abin takaici, a halin yanzu babu hanyoyin maganin tasiri. Dole ne a lalata dawakai masu lafiya.
Rigakafin da Rushewa
Don hana rigakafin cutar, a matakin jihar, kawai dabbobi masu lafiya daga yankin lafiya zasu iya kawo su cikin kasar.
A lokaci guda sanitary da dabbobi dokoki suna tsananin lura. Dole ne a aiko da dawakan da aka shigar dasu don jarrabawa (ciki har da taimakon jarrabawar gwaji) da kuma kariya.
Koyi yadda za a gwada yawan zafin jiki na jiki.
Bugu da ƙari, duk dawakai masu girma a cikin bazara da kaka ana nazarin kwayoyin. Tare da sakamako mara kyau, an yi amfani da dabbobi ba tare da hani ba. Idan gwajin gwagwarmayar ya kasance tabbatacciya, waɗannan dabbobi suna jin dadi.
A wannan yanayin, an ware su a wani ɗaki daban (musamman a cikin ɗayan da aka ajiye su) kuma an bincika tare da taimakon gwaji mai matsala. Idan sakamakon gwajin ya kasance mummunan, ana dauke da dawakan lafiya. Tare da sakamako mai kyau, dabbobin suna fuskantar lalacewa da kuma nazari na binciken pathological. 
Sores a kan fata na doki Idan an sami canje-canjen halayya a autopsy, za a tabbatar da ganewar asalin glanders. Kayan irin waɗannan dabbobi suna cremated. Kuma duk wuraren da aka ajiye dabbobi, wuraren da ke kewaye, kayan aiki, sleds, katako, takalma da tufafi na ma'aikatan suna kwance (3% na chlorine, 20% cakuda lemun tsami, 4% sustin soda bayani).
Bugu da kari, dukan garken, wanda wakilin wanda aka kamu da shi, an ware shi kuma yayi nazari.
Koyi yadda za a tantance cutar anemia ta hanyar doki.
Bi da abubuwa da ke kewaye da kayan gida kamar haka:
- ruwan sha ruwa - zuba bleach (200 g da mai siffar sukari dm) da kuma gauraye;
- gabatarwa - Don farawa da maganin disinfecting, sa'an nan kuma aiwatar da tsabtataccen injiniya da disinfection. Bayan haka, ana yin whitewash tare da maganin 20% na lemun tsami;
- taki, abinci sharan gona, kwanciya - bayan disinfection ƙone;
- kasar gona - tsabtace shi tare da maganin zafi na soda (10%), formalin (4%) ko bayani na bleach (5%);
- tufafi, tawul - Boiled a soda bayani (2%) awa;
- aprons, safofin hannu - soaked for sa'a daya a cikin wani bayani na chloramine (1-3%);
- kayan aiki, takalma - shafa tare da adiko na goge baki moistened tare da chloramine bayani (1-3%) sau biyu tare da wani lokaci na minti 15;
- yankunan bude jiki - bi da wani bayani na chloramine (0.5-1%), barasa (80%);
- sufuri - bi da tare da chloramine (1-3%) a cikin kudi na 300 cu. cm da murabba'in mita.
Idan babu halayyar halayyar, ana gudanar da nazarin bacteriological da tarihi.Tun da glanders wani cuta ne wanda ba zai iya warkewa ba, yana da muhimmanci ba kawai don duba doki a kai a kai ba, amma kuma don kare su da yawa daga samfurori marasa mahimmanci. Wannan ita ce kadai hanya don kiyaye garke a cikakken ƙarfi.
