Kowace lambun da yake da damuwa da tashin hankali yana jira lokacin da gonar za ta sake cikawa. Calving saniya yana da muhimmiyar mahimmancin lokaci, wanda ya cancanci a shirya shi a gaba. Sanin kulawa, kulawa da yiwuwar yiwuwar zai taimaka wajen kaucewa kurakuran da dama a kula da dabba da ɗan maraƙi.
Shekaru nawa ne wata saniya ta yi tafiya zuwa calving
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a san tsawon lokacin da mace take ciki. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kwatanta farkon lokacin bushe kuma shirya dabba don haihuwar maraƙi.
Ok
Zaman lokacin ɗaukar maraƙi yana dogara ne akan halaye na kulawa da masu halayen, da kuma jaddada kwayoyin halitta. Shanu, kamar mutane, a matsakaici, suna kai 'ya'yan watanni 9. Yawancin shayarwa na dabbobi suna daukar kwanaki 283-285.
Shin kuna sani? Don samuwar lita 1 na madara ta hanyar nono zai wuce kimanin lita 400 na jini. Wato, don samun lita 20 na madarar yau da kullum ta hanyar nono na dabba ya kamata ya zama kimanin lita 8000 na jini!
Nawa zai iya tafiya
Kalmar da ke sama ta zama daidai sosai, kuma haihuwa zai iya faruwa a baya da baya bayan kwanan wata. Alal misali, tare da kulawa mara kyau, mara kyau maraƙin maraƙi zai iya haife shi a baya don kwanaki da yawa har ma da makonni (har zuwa wata). Hakazalika, saniya zai iya haifar da 'ya'ya. Idan aka ba da waɗannan dalilai, zubar da ciki zai iya shiga cikin kwanaki 240-311. 
Calendar of calving na shanu da kwanan wata kwari: tebur
Idan an yi kwaskwarima ta hanyar wucin gadi, to, zai kasance mai sauƙi don lissafta ainihin kwanan wata, sanin ainihin kwanan wata kwari. Zaka iya amfani da wannan madaidaiciya: D = H + 10 / №-3.
Bincika yawancin kwanakin da bace yake ciki.
Bayani don wannan tsari:
- D - kiyasta kwanan wata na calving;
- H - kwanan wata na kwari;
- № - yawan watan kwari.
Alal misali, kwalliyar ita ce Yuli 8 (Yuli 8). Sakamakon haka shine: 8 + 10 / 7-3 = 18/4, wato, zato calving zai faru a Afrilu 18. Idan, ta ƙara kwanakin, adadi ya fi 30, dole ne a cire 30 daga gare ta, kuma ƙara +1 zuwa watan. Alal misali, an sami kwari a ranar 29 ga Janairu.
Sakamakon ita ce: 29 + 10-30 / 1-3 + 1 = 9/11, wato, calving zai faru a ranar Nuwamba 9. Don kada ayi rikicewa tare da lissafin lissafi da kalanda, masu shayarwar dabbobi su fi so su yi amfani da tebur mai dacewa na ciki marayun: 
Yadda za a gudanar da saniya kafin calving
Shine saniya yana nufin gabatar da shi a lokacin rani - wato, dakatar da milking don karfafawa da kuma shirya jikin dabba don jin daɗi da lactation. Ana bada shawara don fara kaddamar a cikin kwanaki 40-60 a matsakaici, amma ga mutane da masu haɓaka da yawa waɗanda suka haifa a karon farko, za a iya farawa a cikin kwanaki 70.
Don gabatar da saniya a lokacin lokacin bushe, kana buƙatar bin waɗannan shawarwari:
- Sannu a hankali suma yankakke: da farko ka cire milking milking, kada ka ba da madara har zuwa karshen, kada ka warkar da nono don taɗa aikin samar da madara. Bayan kwanaki 5 bayan daina dakatar da milking, ya kamata "ya ragu" - rage girman;
- rage yawan adadin abinci a cikin abinci, da hay, ruwa da giya;
- lokacin da yake gudana a lokacin rani, yana da muhimmanci a rage yawan kiwo na saniya don makiyaya zuwa sa'o'i 4, kuma a wasu lokuta tsayawa gaba daya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dabbobi masu kyau masu yawa zasu iya kaiwa makonni 2-3 don dakatar da samar da madara. Amma idan dabba bata farawa ba bayan wannan lokacin, za'a fara aiwatarwa ta yin amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman.Idan yawancin dabba kafin farawa shine cikin lita 3-5, za'a iya hana milking bisa wannan makirci na kwana bakwai:
- 1 day - milking sau 2 a rana;
- 2 day - safe milking;
- 3 day - safe milking;
- 4 days - yamma milking;
- 5 days - yamma milking;
- 6 day - safe milking;
- 7 days - maraice milking.
Alamomi (precursors) na haihuwar saniya
Na farko canje-canje a bayyanar da halayyar karsana za a iya ganin makonni 2 kafin haihuwar:
- saukar da sagging ciki;
- saukar saukar;
- daɗaɗɗa tsokoki da haɗi a gindin wutsiya;
- kumburi da redness na al'ada na waje;
- kafin zuwan mai daɗi ya kumbura kuma ya cika da colostrum;
- asirin al'ada suna da daidaito;
- an saukar da zubar da mace.
Nan da nan kafin haihuwa, halayyar heifers zai iya canzawa: ya zama mai sanyi, yana iya tashi da kwance, yana motsawa daga kafa daya zuwa wancan, yana iya yin ba'a, dubi ko kauce wa mutane lokacin da suke gabatowa.
Muna ba da shawara ka fahimci abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka shafi 10 game da shanu.Idan dabba yana kiwo tare da babban garke, zai iya yin ƙoƙari ya yi ritaya, ya yaye sauran shanu, je wurin da ba a ɓoye a cikin shararrun. A ranar yin zinawa, zaka iya ganin kasusuwa na kasusuwan dabba fara farawa, tare da sauke sarari don yaron ya fita. Idan nisa tsakanin kasusuwa ya fi girma daga hannun hannunka, dole ne a shirya don karɓar aiki daga saniya.
Fidio: masu ƙaddarar haihuwar saniya
Yaya za a haifi ɗa namiji
Don haihuwar maraƙi, kana buƙatar shirya duka dakin da saniya kanta:
- Ya kamata a sanya Netel da bambanci daga wasu shanu, a tsabta, da aka rigaya an wanke, bushe da ɗakin dumi.
- A kan sabo ne, kwanciya mai laushi, kana buƙatar saka sabo ne na bambaro ko lokacin farin ciki, zane mai tsabta.
- Bisa ga al'amuran, ana wanke kafafu na dabba tare da wani bayani na potassium da ke ciki ko creolin 2%.
A wannan shiri mai sauƙi ƙare. Bugu da ari, shanu suna ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa, a cikin al'ada na haihuwa, an haifi maraƙi a cikin rabin sa'a - awa daya. A wannan yanayin, saniya zata iya tsaya ko zauna a gefe.
Da maraƙin ya zo gaba tare da tsutsawa, ya fadi a kan goshi, ko kafafun kafa ta tsakiya - dukansu biyu daidai ne. Da farko, daga kwayoyin halitta, tarin fatar tayi shine launin toka ko rawaya. Da maraƙi zai iya tsage shi, in ba haka ba za'a iya yin shi ne kawai bayan bayyanar sifofin.
Shin kuna sani? An kiyasta cewa an haife heifers kafin bijimai na kwanaki 1-2.
Da zarar maraƙin ya fito daga cikin saniya, dole ne a cire murfinsa, idanu, sassa na hanci da kuma murhun murya daga ƙulla da tsabta mai tsabta. Bayan katsewar jini a cikin igiya, za'a yanke shi a nesa na mita 10-12 zuwa cikin ciki, ana ciwo da rauni tare da maganin antiseptic. 
Maciji ya buƙaci goge guragu, nono, ciki da kafafu da tsabta mai tsabta. Dole ne a maye gurbin nama marar jini da smeared.
Kula da saniya bayan calving
Idan kuna haifa wata saniya a karon farko, wasu tambayoyi zasu iya fitowa game da kulawa da mace a cikin lokacin albashin. Abinci, na farko da yanki da yanayinsa, yin amfani da madara - a duk waɗannan matakan za mu duba gaba.
Yadda za a ciyar da abin da za ku sha
Sa'a guda bayan haihuwar haihuwa, burenka yana buƙatar sha 10-15 lita na salted ruwa (100 g da lita 10). Dole ne a mai da ruwa a 36 ° C. Hakanan kuma zaka iya ba da ƙananan hay.
Har ila yau, a ci gaba da ciyarwa bisa ga tsarin da ake biyowa:
- 1st rana Wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi kilo 5 na hay ko 8 kilogiram na ganye, da kuma bugu mai (500 g da lita 10 na ruwa);
- 2nd rana Abinci shine iri ɗaya, amma girman rabo yana ƙaruwa kaɗan;
- 3-4 days. Ga abincin da ake ci gaba an ƙara 2-4 kg na kayan lambu da kayan lambu da kuma nau'i na nau'i na hatsi;
- 5th rana. Abinci shine iri ɗaya, amma rabo suna karuwa;
- 10th rana. Yin amfani da girman da cin abinci a matsayin cikakke an kawo shi al'ada.
Yaushe kuma sau nawa don madara wata sãniya
Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, dole ne a wanke nono daga cikin dabba tare da bayani na potassium, sannan a sa'a daya da rabi daga baya sai a wanke nono tare da bayani na soda (200 g da 10 l), goge bushe tare da zane mai laushi kuma ya ci gaba da farawa. Jet jiragen farko sun buƙaci suyi su ba tare da amfani da su don ciyar da maraƙi ba.
A cikin kwanakin farko bayan calving, shanu suna bukatar a narke sau 4-5, ko sau 3, amma tare da kwanciyar hankali 1-2 bayan babban milking. Idan dabba yana da alaka da postreshi paresis, an hana shi ya gama shi - yana da muhimmanci ya bar wani ɓangare na madara a cikin nono.
Muna ba da shawara don karantawa game da yadda kuma sau nawa don madara wata sãniya.
Udder massage ya kamata a koyaushe a za'ayi kafin milking. Don haka kana buƙatar wankewa da ƙafa hannunka, yana da kyawawa cewa itatuwan sun dumi. Nan gaba kuna buƙatar bugun zuciya, aiki mai kyau, amma tsattsauran (!) Motsa jiki don shafa kowane ɓangaren nono don 20-30 seconds. Zai zama da kyau don fara irin wannan sauƙi kamar wasu watanni kafin zuwan.
Yaushe zan iya sha madara
Ba da daɗewa kafin haihuwa, a lokacin da su ko kuma nan da nan bayanan, wani launin launin launin ya bayyana a cikin mace marar saniya - rawaya, ruwa mai banƙyama tare da ƙanshi mai mahimmanci.
Yawancin lokaci ba a amfani da shi ba don abinci kuma ba'a amfani dasu don cin abinci ba saboda ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa, amma ga maraƙi colostrum shine mafi kyawun samfurin da ke inganta cigaba da rigakafi, samuwar microflora na intestinal lafiya da tsarin tsarin narkewa, saboda dole ne a baiwa colostrum awa daya bayan haihuwa. 
Maciyar Cow zai zama dacewa da amfani da mutum bayan da aka cire suturar launuka - wato, bayan kwanaki 7-10 daga farkon milking.
Yana da muhimmanci! Wasu mata ba su samar da colostrum, inda kuma maraƙin dole ne ya shirya musanya mai maye gurbi musamman akan madara mai sabo, kifi, kiwo da gishiri.
Matsalar da za a iya yiwuwa bayan calving
Hanyar haihuwar haihuwar da aka bayyana a cikin saniya shine mafi kyau da kuma ilimin lissafi, amma a wasu yanayi, saboda rashin kwari da sauri, rashin dacewar bushewa, ciyarwa da kulawa da kurakurai, da dalilan da yawa, calving ba zai tafi bisa ga labarin ba. Rashin rauni, edema, rashin haihuwa, rashinwa - irin waɗannan yanayi ne masu ilimin cututtuka kuma suna buƙatar kulawar dabbobi na gaggawa.
Maciya bata tashi ba
Rashin iyawar dabba don tsaya a kan ƙafafunsa bayan da aka lalacewa yana bayyana ta hanyar lalacewa ga ƙarancin ƙwayoyin katako da kuma yankunan lumbosacral. Wannan zai iya faruwa ne saboda ƙananan ƙasusuwan pelvic, a lokacin haihuwar haihuwar, tare da haihuwa mai tsanani kuma mai wuya. Dukkan bangarorin biyu da duka biyu zasu iya shafa.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dalilai, akwai nau'o'in pathologies wanda dabba ya ki yarda ya tashi ya kwance akai-akai: gurgunta jiki, mastitis, postpartum paresis, zazzabi da zazzabi, rashi mai tsanani na phosphorus. Wata sãniya ba za ta iya tsayuwa ba saboda katsewar hankalinta ko raunin kashi. 
A kowane hali, dole ne ka nuna dabba zuwa ga likitan dabbobi don tabbatar da dalilin. Yawancin dabba zai kasance a matsayi mafi kyau, mafi yawan rashin kuskure shi ne ƙarin ƙwarewa don dawowa, sabili da haka dole ne ya tilasta dabba ta tashi ta kowane hanya.
Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da sauti mai karfi da murya, hails, claps (wannan hanya yana aiki ne kawai tare da mutane masu jin tsoro), ƙananan juzu'i na wutsiya a tsakiyar, tsarin belt na musamman don ɗaga dabba. Da ya fi tsayi wata saniya za ta iya tsaya, motsawa da juya, mafi kyau.
Kara karantawa game da abinda za a yi idan saniya bai tashi ba bayan calving.Bayan sauran, ana bukatar sake maimaita hawan. Idan jijiyoyi sun lalace, dole ne a bai wa dabba magani tare da sakamako mai tsinkewa, yayin da ake amfani da paresis, ana amfani da caffeine benzoate, kuma an kawar da rashi phosphorus ta hanyar allura.
Mace ya ba a yalwata
A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, bayan haihuwa zai fita bayan 3-6 hours bayan calving. Yawancin shayarwa na dabbobi suna fara tsoro, cewa bayan haihuwa ba ta fito ba, ba tare da lura da yadda yarinya ta haɗiye shi ba. Don tabbatar da cewa dabba yana da tsabta, kana buƙatar shigar da hannun da aka wanke da kyau a cikin farji - kusan rufe cervix yana cewa duk abin da yake.
Amma idan ba'a fito da bayan haihuwa ba ko kuma mahaifa ba a tsabtace shi ba, sakamakon zai iya zama bakin ciki. Tare da sauran na ƙarshe, dabba ya ci gaba da daidaitawa, baya baya da zubar da jini, ƙwayoyin mucous tare da kyakken jini suna iya gani daga al'amuran. 
Mace maraya mai tsabta Wadannan sharan gona na fara zama da sauri cikin jiki, haifar da mummunan maye. A lokaci guda, dabba ya ƙi cin abinci, adadin madara madara ya ragu, kuma baya baya daga jin zafi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin rabuwa ko rabuwa da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta ta zama cikakke da sifa na mace.
Dalilin wannan yanayin ilimin halitta zai iya zama da yawa:
- girman girman tayi;
- rashin bitamin da ma'adanai;
- kiba ko lalata mace;
- rashin aiki, brucellosis, da dai sauransu.
Don taimakawa dabba don kawar da bayanan haihuwa, kana buƙatar yin amfani da kwayoyi wanda ya rage tsokoki na mahaifa: "Oxytocin", "Oxylate", "Pituitrin". Mai yarinya na iya yin rigakafin maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta. Ruwan amniotic yana da irin wannan sakamako a kan tsokoki na mahaifa. 
Don yin wannan, lokacin da rupture daga cikin tarin tarin ciki, dole ne a tattara su a cikin akwati mai tsabta kuma adana su a zafin jiki na +3 ° C. Idan bayan sa'o'i 6 bayan haihuwa ba zai fito ba, dole ne a bugu da lita 3 a kowace 6-7 hours. A hanya, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, a koyaushe a tattara da ruwan hawan amniotic kuma a cire shi ga mace, tun da suna da tasiri mai tasiri a kan jiki bayan calving.
Udder edema a shanu
Yawancin lokaci, mai maƙarar kumbura yana kara girman girmansa, ƙwarƙwarar za ta iya ƙarawa (yayin da ya rage a tsawon), fatar jiki mai sanyi ne, kuma daga bisani kumburi zai iya zuwa ciki. A cikin nono a lokacin rubutu, ruwa yana tarawa cikin kyallen takarda, yana sa matsa lamba akan jini da tasoshin lymphatic. Saboda haka, an rage madara madara. A yawancin lokuta, rubutu yana wucewa ba tare da yin magana ba.
Amma wani lokacin nono yana karuwa tun kafin yayi kira ga waɗannan dalilai:
- rashin motsi;
- rashin abinci a lokacin daukar ciki;
- raunin da ya faru, bumps da nono raunuka;
- cututtuka na kodan, zuciya, tsatsar cuta.
Don kula da wallafe-wallafe, za'a buƙaci shawarar likitan dabbobi. Ana amfani da takin mai amfani tare da maganin shafawa (30 g na beeswax, 1 tablespoon na man sunflower, a narke a cikin wanka mai ruwa da sanyaya). Bugu da ƙari na gishiri don ciyarwa yana iyakance, adadin abincin abinci maras kyau, ruwa da giya yana ragewa. Idan kumburi bai wuce ba, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da magunguna (Disalunin, Urodiacin). 
Ƙarar bama
Dalilin cikewar narkewa bayan da ake kira calving yawanci kurakurai ne. Abincin mai kyau maras kyau, rashin adadin abubuwan da ke amfani da su da kayan abinci suna da mummunar tasiri a kan yaduwar mace, musamman ma a cikin wannan yanayi mai mahimmanci da damuwa.
Don magance halin da ake ciki, saniya za a iya bugu kowace awa 8-10 tare da cakuda mai dadi bisa zuma ko sukari (1 teaspoon da lita na ruwa mai dumi). Idan zawo ba zai daina bayan kwana biyu ba, dole ne a kira mai likitan dabbobi, don nazarin abubuwan da za a yi don microorganisms.
Zai zama mai ban sha'awa a gare ka ka karanta game da abin da suma ya yi kafin da kuma bayan calving.
Babu madara
Rashin rashi ko kawai adadin madara ne musamman sau da yawa ana lura a cikin shanu na farko. Don kauce wa wannan matsala, wajibi ne don farawa saniya a lokaci, kulawa da kyau ga dabbobi a lokacin lokacin bushe, bayan zakuɗa daidai. Yana da mahimmanci a bi fasaha mai shinge, in ba haka ba tare da raguwa, raɗaɗɗa mai raɗaɗi da saniya ba za ta ba da madara ba.
Sauke sau 4-5 (koda kuwa babu madara), lactation zai dawo zuwa al'ada. Yana iya ɗaukar kimanin wata guda har sai dabba ta ci gaba da yin saiti tare da daidaitattun abubuwa. Wasu shayarwar dabbobi sun fi so su ba da maraƙi ga saniya don ingantaccen abinci. 
Maciya tana da matukar bakin ciki
Sakamakon lalacewar asibiti na iya zama mai yawa, saboda a kusan dukkanin yanayin rashin lafiyar dabba ya ƙi cin abinci kuma, sabili da haka, ya fara rasa nauyi. Don tabbatar da dalilin, yana da mahimmanci don kiran likitan dabbobi da kuma tantance ko akwai wasu alamun bayyanar cututtuka (fitar da cutar daga cututtuka, cututtuka, lameness, da dai sauransu).
Idan ciwon dabba ba ya canza ba, babu cututtukan dabbar, dabba yana ci gaba da shan ƙyama, zaka iya tsammanin rashin rashin bitamin da ma'adanai. Don kawar da beriberi, wajibi ne don amfani da magungunan bitamin (Samin, Tetravit, Trivit, Eleovit, da sauransu).
Yaya tsawon lokacin da calving yayi tafiya a saniya
Ma'aikatan karnuka su ne dabbobin polycyclic tare da tsawon tsawon kwanaki 21-24.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dogarin da ya biyowa ya kamata ya faru ba daga baya fiye da kwanaki 90 bayan calving.Bayan sunyi kira, shanu suna yin safiya a cikin kwanaki 30, sauyawawa har zuwa kwanaki 10 a duk wurare suna yiwuwa. Ta haka ne, yin naman saniya yana da matukar muhimmanci ga dabba da masu mallakarsa.
Kuna buƙatar shirya sãniya don farawa gaba, daidai kuma a lokaci, gudanar da kaddamarwa. Адекватное кормление, правильный уход, знание физиологии беременности и отёла позволят животноводам организовать максимально безопасные и естественные роды.
