Hirita: bayanin, fasali na kulawa

Chirita fure ne na gidan Gesneriev. Zai iya zama shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara, yanki rarraba shine yanki na Asiya.

Bayanin Hirita

An fara bayanin wannan shuka a cikin 1822 ta masanin ilimin botanist David Don. Kuma a cikin karni na XX, masu shayarwa sun kasance masu himma a cikin nazarin waɗannan furanni, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar nau'in nau'in matasan.

A tushe na shuka ne na bakin ciki da karfi. Ganyayyaki kore ne, siffar ta bambanta da nau'in halitta, tana da santsi da walƙiya. Furanni suna kama da karrarawa, launin yana ruwan hoda, fari, Lilac, rawaya.

Daban-daban na Hirita don Kulawa da Gida

A cikin yanayin daki, zaka iya girma growan nau'in nau'in hirita:

Digiri	Bayanin	Bar	Furanni
Ba da kyauta	Annual, akwati high, dan kadan pubescent.	M. Launi - koren haske.	A sanya a fi na harbe kuma a cikin axils na ganye. Mai ba da kyauta.
Primulina	Yana fure a cikin kusan shekara guda, tare da ƙananan tazara.	An sanya shi da daidaituwa, mai santsi ne da ɗan ɗanɗano hankali. Launi kore ne. Suna girma da yawa kuma wasu lokuta suna ƙirƙirar duka matakan. Girma daga ƙarami zuwa babba. A saman za ku iya ganin tsarin launi na azurfa.	Suna tunatar da bututun mai kunkuntar kuma suna da filayen 5 An tattara a cikin inflorescences, launi daban-daban, amma launuka masu haske. Lokaci-lokaci, ratsin duhu ana bayyane a farfajiyar buds.
Sinensis hisako	An dauke mafi kyau iri-iri.	Variegated, tsananin ƙarfi, suna da dogon haske villi. Babban, kore tare da tsarin azurfa.	Mai kama da karrarawa, lavender, makogwaro - rawaya mai haske.
Aiko	Damuwa	Ellipsoid, launi - duhu mai duhu. Fleshy, dan kadan pubescent.	Babban launi, launin rawaya mai arziki.
Azkar na azurfa	Shrub shuka.	Drooping, lanceolate. Launi - kore mai haske tare da tsarin uwar-lu'u-lu'u.	Lavender karrarawa tare da wuyan orange.
Tamiana	Yana blooms a ko'ina cikin shekara, kawai dormant zamani an dauke da togiya.	Shinkafa daga 10 zuwa 15 cm, siffar tana da kamannin-zuciya. A hankali, akwai kadan pubescence.	Pedarancin shinge, wanda akan buɗe fari fari tare da shuɗi biyu.
Sinanci	Perennial girma zuwa 15-20 cm.	M, fleshy, ƙirƙirar rosette mai ƙarfi. Haske mai haske tare da aibobi na azurfa. Yankin yayi aiki	Matsakaici, lavender-purple buds.

Kulawar Gida

Lokacin da kake kula da fure a gida, ya kamata ka mai da hankali kan lokacin shekara:

Gaskiya	Lokacin bazara	Lokacin sanyi
Wuri / Haske	A sanya shi a taga ko yamma. Bayar da haske amma ya bazu.	Rufe sama da phytolamp.
Zazzabi	+ 18 ... +24 ° С.	+15 ° C
Haushi	Matsayin shine 55-65%. Ana sanya fure a kan allon pallet tare da peat ko yaataccen yumɓu. Ba a yafa shuka kamar yadda ya fara ji rauni.	Mataki 55-65%.
Watse	Sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 2, kawai bayan bushewa na topsoil.	Sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 7.
Manyan miya	Sau ɗaya a wata, tare da takin mai magani a cikin potassium da phosphorus.	Dakatarwa.

Dasawa, ƙasa

Ana yin jujjuyawar ne lokacin da tushen tushen ya ƙunshi dukkan ƙarfin (kowane shekaru 2-3). Mafi kyawun lokaci shine bazara. Tukunya tara sama da zurfi. Lokacin motsa furen, dole ne ku mai da hankali sosai don kada ku cutar da tushen ɓarna na hirita.

Soilasa ta zama mai haske, ɗan acidic da breathable. Tare da shiri mai zaman kanta na substrate, a cikin rabo 2: 1: 1: 1 ɗauki abubuwan da aka haɗa:

ciyawar ganye;
m yashi ko perlite;
peat;
humus.

Tabbatar yin amfani da buɗaɗen bulo ko magudanar ruwa.

Mai jan tsami

Dankin da ba shi da kyau yana nufin kwalliyar girbi. Zaɓin da ya dace: kafin ko bayan fure (farkon lokacin bazara - ƙarshen kaka). Cire bushewar ganye da rawaya, matattun maguna.

Yayin aikin, suna aiki a hankali don kada su cutar da sassa na tsiron, suna da rauni sosai.

Kiwo

Ana yin yaduwar Hirita ta hanyoyi da yawa:

ta zuriya;
yanke;
ganye hanyoyin;
matakai.

Hanya mafi mashahuri ana ɗauka peran ne. Peoƙarin da yake da shi ya sa ya zama cewa yanke, busassun da kayan sa-da-sa maye yake sanya ƙasa. Kada ya lalacewar kayan shuka. An shayar da yankan kuma baya bada izinin bushewar ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, ta amfani da polyethylene, zaku iya ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse wanda ke samar da sa'o'in hasken rana da ƙarfe 12.

Bayan fitowar ƙaruwa da ƙarfafa ƙwayar seedlings, suna zaune a cikin kwantena daban-daban.

Matsaloli a cikin girma hirita, cututtuka da kwari

A lokacin namo gida, za a iya kai hari ta hirita ta cututtuka da kwari, kuma kulawa da ba ta dace ba yana haifar da ƙarin ƙarin matsaloli:

Bayyanuwa	Dalili	Matakan magancewa
Rotting na tushen tsarin mai tushe.	Yawan shayarwa.	Daidaita yanayin ban ruwa.
Haske launin ruwan kasa mai haske akan ganye.	Amfani da ruwan sanyi.	Suna sarrafa zafin jiki na ruwa, dole ne ya kasance akalla +20 ° C.
Girma daga gefe daya kawai.	Rashin hasken wuta.	Ana juyawa fure akai-akai a cikin matakai daban-daban zuwa ga asalin hasken.
Bushewar bushewar ganye.	.One	Da tsakar rana, an shuka inuwa. An cire ganye da suka shafa.
Brown ya katse a ciki daga cikin takardar, mai matsewa da murfin viscous.	Garkuwa.	Tsari tare da mafita na Actar ko Actellik. Ta amfani da tsohuwar goge haƙo ko auduga, ana tsabtace kwari da hannu.
Fuskokin fari wadanda suke kama da farin ruwa, mai laushi mai laushi.	Mealybug.	Fesa tare da maganin kwari Fitoverm ko Biotlin.
Jinkiri da bushewa na ganyayyaki, yanar gizo mai haske akan ciki.	Spider mite.	Aiwatar da wakilan sinadaran Karbofos da Neoron, yi amfani da maganin sabulu.
Masonry fari a cikin ganyayyaki.	Thrips.	Fesa tare da Vermitek da Bankol.
Farin kwari a ko'ina cikin shuka.	Farar fata	Don lalata kwari, ana amfani da mafarin Akarin da Actellik.
Whitish rigar tabo.	Grey rot.	Cire duk wuraren da suka lalace. Ana kula da sashin lafiya tare da duk wani abu mai kashe guba.