Girman kayan lambu kamar farin kabeji ba sauki a yanayin yanayin mu.
Duk da haka, sanin halaye na kula da shi da kuma lura da dukkan fasahar da ake bukata don dasawa da girma, zaka iya faranta wa kanka da ƙaunataccen kaɗaɗɗen kyawawan kayan kirki da kyau.
Mafi kyau irin farin kabeji
Farin kabeji yana da wadata cikin bitamin C, A, B, E, D, K, H, U da aka gyara kamar amino acid, carbohydrates, sitaci, fiber, pectins, kwayoyin acid, sugars na halitta, sunadarai, polyunsaturated acid, biotin, purine mahadi . Irin launin farin kabeji bambanta dangane da ripening. Bambanci a ripening kowane iri-iri ne game da 14 days.
Shin kuna sani? Ibn Sina, wanda aka fi sani da Avicenna, ya bada shawarar cin abinci maras lafiya a lokacin sanyi lokacin da zai taimaka wajen inganta tsarin kulawa da jiki da ta jiki na jiki.
Dalili na zabar iri iri:- Zai fi kyau sayen iri da suke da tsayayya ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau, ba mai saukin kamuwa da yanayin ƙasa na ƙasa da irin ƙasa.
- Daban dole ne ya kasance mai tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka.
- Dangane da sakamakon da aka so, an zaba albarkatu - samun samfurin samar da samfurin (yawanci jinsunan jinsin suna amfani da su) ko yiwuwar zaɓi (jinsunan varietal an zaba).
- Wajibi ne a la'akari da farkon girbe iri iri dangane da yanayin yanayin damin yankin. Don haka, a cikin yankunan da takaice, sanyi da yawan ruwan sama a lokacin rani ya fi kyau a yi amfani da nau'ikan kyawawan dabi'un farko. Kuma a yankunan kudancin yana yiwuwa a kara girma, amma nau'o'in nau'i mai kyau kuma mai dadi da matsakaici na tsire-tsire.
Kabeji yana shafar nau'in nau'i - kabeji na kabeji, fararen kabeji, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, Savoy, kohlrabi, Peking.
An rarraba al'adun kayan lambu zuwa kungiyoyi masu zuwa:- Tsufa da wuri - iri-iri, cikakke kawunansu wanda aka kafa kwanaki 90 bayan dasa shuki. Ƙararruwar kuturta ta farko ya riga ya kasance a ranar 55-65th bayan shuka tsaba. Za a iya tattara tarin iri bayan kwanaki 170 zuwa 205. A cikin wannan rukuni zaka iya samun nau'o'in iri iri da kuma hybrids: "Snowball", "Bolero", "Early Gribovskaya 1355", "Guaranteed", "Dachnitsa", "Express", hybrids "Movir 74", "Malimba F1", "Alabaster F1 "," Boldo F1 ".
- Mid-kakar - suna da tsawon tsawon lokaci, har zuwa kwanaki 130. Wannan factor yana rinjayar karuwa a rayuwar rayuwar amfanin gona. Tsarin balaga ya samu ne kawai bayan kwanaki 205. Yawancin yawancin matasan sun hada da: "White Beauty", "Bora", "Bravo", "Giant Giant", "Flora Blanca", "Parisian", "Fargo na tsakiya", "Ondine", "Pioneer", "Patriotic" , hybrids "Classic F1", "Chambord F1".
- Late-ripening - iri dake noma har tsawon kwanaki 130 da kuma gano shahararrun akasarin yankunan kudancin. A cikin yankunan tsakiya, ana iya hana daskarewa da amfanin gona tare da namo. Tsire-tsire na shuka yana faruwa har zuwa kwanaki 220. Babu shakka yawancin iri iri iri - a cikin yawan amfanin su, girman kawuna da kuma adadin yawan amfanin gona. Mafi yawan siffofin kamfanoni: "Amerigo F1", "Cortez F1", "Fortrose F1", "Skywalker F1".
- Musamman iri da kuma hybrids - masu shayarwa na zamani suna haifar da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na launin fata da siffar launin fata. Dabbobi iri iri da samfurori tare da ruwan hoton orange da violet inflorescences an riga an bred. Daga jinsunan da aka saba da su - "Graffiti F1" (purple), "Rosamund" (launi na launi na haske), "Gummalar Emerald" (salad-green cone-shaped inflorescences). Tsakanin shekaru - Yarik F1 (orange), Veronica F1 (nau'i-mai launin rawaya-kore inflorescences). Matsakaici matsakaici na zamani - "Sicily" (yana da ƙananan launi).
Shin kuna sani? Gidajen gida na farin kabeji - Siriya. Daga can, kayan lambu sun zo tsibirin Crete, sannan zuwa Faransa da Holland. A cikin karni na XIV, 'ya'yan kabeji sun zo Italiya, kuma a cikin karni na XVII, Birtaniya sun ji dadin dandano. An kawo al'adu zuwa Rasha a lokacin mulkin Katarina Babba, kuma wakilai ne kawai na amfani da shi a cikin abincin su. A yau, ana amfani da farin kabeji kusan a ko'ina - wannan shine karo na biyu mafi kyau irin kabeji bayan kabeji.
Lokacin da shuka
Zaɓuɓɓuka a lokacin da shuka farin kabeji a kan seedlings su ne da dama:
- Farfesa na farko da aka shuka a ranar 15 ga Maris, tare da kara saukowa a kasa a cikin kwanaki 30 zuwa 5.
- Yawan iri-iri sown a ranar Maris 30 - Afrilu 12 kuma dasa a cikin ƙasa bayan kwanaki 35-45.
- Matsayin lokaci na matsakaici Ku ci gaba da shuka a kan Afrilu 25 - Mayu 12 tare da zubar da jini a cikin kwanaki 30-40.
- Late jinsunan, albarkatu da aka girbe a cikin fall, sun shuka a kan Yuni 5-17 kuma aka dasa a ƙasa bayan kwanaki 32-35.
Shuka tsaba
Shuka tsaba na farkon farin kabeji don fara farawa tare da shirye-shiryen manoma da ƙasa.
Dama da ƙasa don dasa
Quality farin kabeji seedlings suna samar a hanyoyi biyu:
- al'ada (tare da dasa shuki a manyan kwalaye ko greenhouse);
- Gwaji (dasa shuki a cikin tukwane na kogi ko cassettes).
Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin cassettes yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa farin kabeji - dauka, shuke-shuke da sarrafawa.
Duk nau'in peat su dace da shiri na ƙasa. An wadatar da shi tare da isashshen oxygen, ba a ƙayyade shi ba kuma yana sha ruwan inganci. Lokacin amfani da peat lowland, ƙara 1/3 na sawdust. Na gaba, dole ne a yi wa steamed dashi na tsawon sa'o'i 2 kuma kara nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate ko takin mai magani). 
Bugu da ƙari, ana yin lita 10 na ƙasa:
- hadaddun da takin mai magani 50-70 g;
- dolomite gari 300-450 g;
- itace ash 1 kofin.
Tsara fasaha
Shirye-shiryen abinci ya ƙunshi zaɓi na babban samfurori, wannan yana kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na farin kabeji da kimanin kashi 30%. Bayan haka, a bar ruwan ya zama ruwan zafi (har zuwa 50 ° C) na minti 20, da sauri sanyaya kuma a bi da shi da wani bayani na potassium permanganate, formalin ko tafarnuwa ruwan 'ya'yan itace, barin tsaba don tsaftacewa don da yawa.
Har ila yau, tsaba da seedlings zasu iya zama cikin haɓakar girma - Kornevine, Energene, Korneroste, Seedlings, Hetero-auxin, Epiné.Land a cikin tankunan tasowa dole ne a kyau leveled. Shuka farin kabeji akan seedlings yakan faru ne ta hanyar saka tsaba a cikin ƙasa ta kimanin 1 inimita. Daga baya, an rufe shi da itace ko yashi mai laushi da kuma tsaftace ƙasa tare da bindigogi. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse ga shuke-shuke, suna buƙatar rufewa tare da filastik filastik ko gilashi da wuri a wuri mai dumi. Bayan kwanaki 3-5 na farko zasu fara bayyana.
Tsarin abinci
Tsuntsar daji suna buƙatar kawar da gine-gine kuma suna motsawa cikin sanyi (ba fiye da 10 ° C) wuri mai haske ba. Young seedlings na farin kabeji lokacin da girma a gida yawanci sanya a kan taga sill. Kyakkyawan canji a cikin zazzabi da haske zai dakatar da yawan ci gaban shuke-shuken, kuma seedlings ba zasu shimfiɗa ba. Bayan kwanaki 5, dole a ƙara yawan zafin jiki a 15 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ana kiyaye seedlings a yanayin zafi sama da 20 ° C, furanni na yau da kullum zai rasa yawansu da inganci.Don kula da tsarin zazzabi mai kyau, ya fi kyau a dauki seedlings zuwa ganda, baranda ko greenhouse.
Don kauce wa yaduwar ƙasa da lalacewa ga seedlings, yana da kyawawa don samar da ruwan sha tare da sprayer. Tsarin kariya don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin karamar fata ne ana aiwatar da su a matsayin nau'i na fuka-fuka ga ruwa mai ban ruwa - Bactovita, Fundazole ko Fitosporina.
Za a iya hana ci gaba da cututtukan fungan ta hanyar gujewa yin watsi da matsanancin narkewar ƙasa, musamman ma yanayin yanayin zafi. A cikin yanayin alamun farko na cututtukan, cututtukan harbe, shuke-shuke da ke kamuwa da su, tare da clox mai launi, za a cire su, sauran sauran magungunan da suka rage suna bi da kwayoyi marasa amfani kuma suna rage yawan ruwa. Ba superfluous zai yayyafa sprouts da itace ash. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwana 10 bayan fitowar seedlings daga ƙasa yana buƙatar yin amfani da tsire-tsire. Ƙarin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna shan wahala daga dasawa da lalacewa ga tsarin tushen, ya zama mummunan ci gaba da ɓarna.Replant seedlings bukatar, faduwa su a cikin ƙasa zuwa cotyledon ganye. Bayan daukana, mai farin kabeji ya kamata a cike da toka.
Lokacin da girma seedlings ya kamata sane da taki:
- farko ciyar bayan da aka samar da takardun littattafai guda biyu ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar yaduwar kabeji tare da shirye-shiryen hadaddun;
- mataki na biyu na taki an gudanar da shi domin rigakafin cutar tare da bayani na acid acid (0.2 g) da jan karfe sulphate (1.15 g);
- na uku sanye yana faruwa a gaban hardening ta spraying kowane daji 20 ml wani bayani kunsha na 1 tablespoon na potassium sulfate, 1 tablespoon na urea da lita 10 na ruwa.
Formation da shirye-shiryen gadaje
Sai kawai wata ƙasa mai haske da ƙasa mai gina jiki za ta ba da damar yin girma da kayan lambu mai kyau. Dole ne a shirya ƙasa a gaba. A cikin kaka, bayan digi, wajibi ne don takin ƙasar tare da humus ko takin (10 kilogiram na taki da 1 sq. M na ƙasa). Gyaran ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi, kuma taki mai yawa - zai kawo girbi mai kyau a cikin kakar gaba. 
Bugu da ƙari ga takin gargajiya, ana ba da farin kabeji tare da ma'adinai:
- superphosphate;
- potassium;
- itace ash.
Kyawawan daskarewa na ƙasa a cikin hunturu zai taimaka wajen halakar da kwari, don haka ƙasar ba ta buƙata a yi shi ba.
Idan ba zai yiwu ba don aiwatar da tsire-tsire na kaka, a kan gilashin mita 10 a farkon kakar wasa, dole ne a saka wannan a cikin ƙasa:
- humus (3-5 kg);
- magnesium sulphate (20-30 g);
- urea (100 g);
- boric acid (120 g);
- biyu superphosphate (100 g);
- gishiri mai potassium (120 g);
- itace ash (1.5 kg).
Dasa seedlings
Dole ne a sanya farin kabeji na farko a wata nisa mai yawa daga juna - akalla 25 inimita. Nisa daga cikin layuka ya zama akalla 70 centimeters. Shuka tsire-tsire iri dake samar da nisan kilo 10 daga kowane daji, duka biyu da tsawo.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai zama mai kyau don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin rana, ƙoƙarin kada a lalata tushen tsarin amfanin gona a lokacin dasa.Ya kamata a kara zurfin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa a kan ganyayyaki na farko da kuma ƙasa mai tsabta. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire.
Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan ƙananan yara tare da filastik filastik ko spunbond har sai an cika tushen kafar. Wannan zai taimakawa wajen hana hawan gwiwar giciye da kuma kare matasa shuke-shuke daga kunar rana a jiki.
A ranar 20 bayan dasa shuki da wajibi ne a buƙaci bushes. Kimanin kwanaki 10 bayan haka, za a iya yin wani tsauni na biyu. Kwanni uku bayan dasa shuki, wajibi ne suyi ciyarwa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da bayani mai mahimmanci na mullein a cikin rabo daga kashi 1 na abu zuwa kashi 20 na ruwa. Zaku iya takin takalmi a karo na biyu bayan makonni 2 ta ƙara ɗayan tablespoon na "Crystallin" zuwa ruwa mullein. Na uku ciyar yana aikata a wata daya ta yin amfani da bayani na 5 lita na ruwa da daya tablespoon na "Nitrophoska".
Bayan da ya yi amfani da sauƙin aiwatar da shuka shuka farin kabeji da kulawa da tsirrai, za a sami sakamako mai kyau, kyauta da karimci.
