Shepherdia bai san da 'yan lambu na Rasha ba. A cikin dabarun gida, ana iya samunsa da wuya. A halin yanzu, wannan sabon abu ne, ɗan itacen ornamental na gaske, wanda kuma ke kawo amfanin gona a kai a kai. A bayyanar, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kama sosai da tsibirin buckthorn berries, amma makiyaya sun fi kyau da lafiya. Wani fa'idar rashin tabbas shine unpretentiousness a cikin barin. Shuka tayi nasarar dacewa da kusan duk wani yanayi da yanayin damina, baya gabatar da wasu bukatu na musamman kan ingancin kasar.
Menene kamannin makiyayi?
Shepherdia (Shepherdia) wani nau'in halittar gandun daji ne na dangin Sucker (Elaeagnaceceae). A Rasha, har yanzu ba a san shi sosai ba, mafi kusa 'ɗan uwanta' buckthorn teku shine yafi zama ruwan dare. Koyaya, a gida (Amurka, Kanada), da kuma a cikin ƙasashen Turai, ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Ganyen siliki da ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-jini na makiyaya kwatankwacinsu sosai tare da allura mai duhu, yana kuma da kyau a kan tsire-tsire masu launin ja (barberry, irga, weigela).
An yi amfani da Shepherdia sosai a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi saboda bayyanar ta gani da kuma kyan gani.
An gano makiyayin tuntuni, a cikin 1818. An sanya shi cikin girmamawa ga shahararren masanin ilimin botanist daga Masarautar Burtaniya, John Shepherd, wanda shine farkon mai lura da shahararrun lambun Botanical a Liverpool. Marubucin sunan, shi ne mai ganowa, shi ne farfesa na Philadelphia na ilimin dabbobi, Thomas Nuttall. Ya aiko da kwafin farko na makiyaya a gefen teku zuwa gonar botanical, daga inda suka bazu ko'ina cikin Turai.
Wurin haifuwa makiyaya ne Kanada da Amurka, yanayin can ba shi da bambanci
Rasha (sannan Masarautar Rasha) ya zama sananne tare da makiyaya a farkon karni na 20 godiya ga shahararren mai shayarwa I.V. Michurin. Ya kasance mai sha'awar kaddarorin masu amfani da kuma ɗanɗano daga 'ya'yan itacen shuka, yana tura kwafin da yawa zuwa gonar acclimatization nasa, da ke Kiev. Bayan rasuwarsa, ma’aikatan lambun ba su mance da makiyayi ba, kuma ba da daɗewa ba wani tsiro ya fito. Mafi m, wannan ya bayyana gaskiyar cewa na dukkan ƙasashe na tsohuwar USSR, makiyayi shine mafi mashahuri a cikin Ukraine, kodayake al'adu ba sa ƙaunar zafi-zafi.
Shepherdia sananne ne ga kyakkyawan aiki, banda tattara shi ya fi sauƙin teku
Dankin yana da sunayen laƙabi da yawa - "buffalo / bison Berry", "Berry / rabbit berry", "Berry Berry", "buckthorn na teku na Amurka", "Nebraska currant", "Berry giciye", "ganyen azurfa". Uku na farko sun fi yawa. Anyi bayanin asalinsu da gaskiyar cewa masu mulkin mallaka na farko na Amurka sunyi amfani da bishi don shirya miya don buffalo da naman zomo, kuma naman 'ya'yan' ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da soapy ga taɓawa.
Shepherdia - tsire daga nau'in "biyu cikin ɗaya", yana samun nasarar haɗuwa da kyakkyawan bayyanar da kasancewar kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lafiyayyen ƙoshin lafiya
Matsakaicin tsayi na ɗan ƙaramin itace shine 3-5 m. Mafi sau da yawa, yakan saukar da ganye don hunturu, amma akwai nau'in halitta mai kama da kullun. The harbe na makiyaya ne na bakin ciki, an rufe shi da wani m haushi na launin toka-m launi kuma sau da yawa located tare da dogon kaifi spikes. The harbe sosai reshe, lanƙwasa, intertwine, giciye, musamman kusa da ƙasa, samar da wani kusan babu matsala cikas. Wannan fasalin yana sa makiyaya sun dace sosai don ƙirƙirar shinge.
Shepherdia tana riƙe da sifarta sosai bayan tayiwa, rassan kakkausar - wannan ya sa ya zama kyakkyawan shuka don ƙirƙirar shinge
Ganyen suna kanana, tsayin 5-7 cm, mai yawa ga taɓawa. An shirya su a nau'i-nau'i a gaban juna akan gajerun petioles. Farantin ganye na elliptical ko lanceolate, mai laushi, kore mai haske a launi. Amma daga nesa, da alama silvery saboda kasancewar ƙananan sikeli ko villi waɗanda ke nuna hasken rana. Hakanan ganyen ganye shima yakasance, kodayafi girman geron gaba.
Ganyen makiyaya masu haske ne mai haske, amma saboda kasancewar an shirya villi sosai, da alama ana jefa su cikin azurfa
Shekarun makiyayi ba shine mafi yawan gani a duniya ba. Koyaya, furanninta suna da fa'ida. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai kyau na shuka zuma, yana jawo kwari da kwari zuwa shafin. Smallananan furanni masu launin shuɗi ko maɗaukakiya, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin bulo ko ƙyalƙyali masu ƙyalƙyali, suna girma a farkon Afrilu, tun ma kafin a rufe daji da ganye. Furanni ba su dadewa, cikin sati daya da rabi. Sun yi fure da zaran iska ta tashi zuwa zazzabi na 7-9ºС.
Furannin Shepherdia ba za a iya kira su da abin ƙyalli da waje ba.
Shepherdia yana cikin rukuni na tsire-tsire masu dioecious. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan an dasa shi ba wai kawai don yin ado na lambun ba, har ma da nufin samar da 'ya'yan itace a nan gaba, ya zama dole a sami dukkan "mace" da "maza" a cikin rabo na kimanin 4: 1. Na karshen suna aiki azaman pollinators. Zaka iya sanin ko wane nau'in daji ne ta hanyar nazarin fure. A cikin '' '' '' '' tsiro '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ' Furanni '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'mata uba furanni,'
Itace “makiyayi” fure take cikin sauki ana iya gano ta idan babu kwaro
'Ya'yan itaciyar makiyayin itace ne mai matsakaici (5-6 mm a diamita). Fatar ta an rufe ta da wasu launuka masu kyau, kamar feshin fenti. A gare ta, wannan ita ce al'ada, ba wasu cutarwa ba. Jiki yana da taushi, mai daɗi da daɗi. Akwai ɗanɗano na astringent wanda ba kowa yake so ba, don haka jellies, marshmallows, jams, compotes, giya, da sauran shirye-shirye sukan shirya daga berries fiye da yadda suke sabo. Kodayake aikatawa yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka bari akan daji kafin sanyi na farko sunada yawa kuma suna da taushi. Hakanan ana bada shawarar Shepherdia don yin biredi - Anan akwai ruwan shayi mai sauki kuma pantant tartness yana da matukar amfani.
Tastean itaciyar Shepherdia ba sa ƙaunar kowa, amma suna da amfani sosai, saboda haka za ku iya haƙuri
Ba kamar buckthorn teku ba, tara makiyaya abu ne mai sauqi. Bayan sanyi, ya isa a yada fim, zane ko jarida a gandun daji kuma girgiza shi sau da yawa cikin ƙarfi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun riga sun girma a ƙarshen bazara, amma har zuwa wannan lokacin suna riƙe da tabbaci akan rassan, kada su faɗi.
Berries suna da lafiya sosai. Wanda ya fara fahimtar hakan yan asalin Arewacin Amurka ne. Shepherdia ya ƙunshi ƙarin bitamin C fiye da lemun tsami, buckthorn teku da kuma baki currant (har zuwa 250 mg). Bugu da kari, ya ƙunshi Organic acid, carotene, tannins, anthocyanins, bitamin A, E, R. Shepherdia yana taimakawa haɓaka sautin gaba ɗaya na jiki, yana rage jinkirin tsufa, yana taimaka ƙarfafa rigakafi, yaƙi da cututtukan hoto ko sanyi, lokacin sanyi, ana amfani da hanyoyin kumburi, rigakafin hauhawar jini da atherosclerosis. Berries kuma suna da bile da sakamako daddawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori suna karami - kawai 28 kcal a cikin 100 g. Abinda kawai yake jawowa shine cewa berries na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan. Saboda haka, yakamata a yi amfani da amfanin su tare da taka tsantsan ga waɗanda suka riga sun san game da kasancewar rashin haƙuri na kowane kayan abinci.
A lokacin kulawa da zafi, fa'idodin berries makiyaya ba a ɓace, saboda haka shirye-shiryen gida ne galibi ana yin sa daga gare shi, ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itatuwa yana inganta sosai, halayyar astringency ta ɓace
An san Shepherdia ta hanyar balagarsa. Karo na farko da shuka yayi fure a shekara biyu zuwa uku bayan dasa shuki a cikin qasa. Wani ɗan daji na shekara-shekara yana kawo kilogram 12-15 na berries. Lokacin aiki shine aƙalla shekaru 30, saukin kulawa zai taimaka tsawan shi zuwa shekaru 50-60. Tare da shekaru, yawan amfanin ƙasa kawai yana ƙaruwa, yana kai kilo 40-50.
Yanayi a cikin ƙasar Shepherdia ya bambanta da ɗan halayyar yawancin ƙasar Rasha. Itatuwa tana jure dusar ƙanƙara zuwa -45 ° C ba tare da lahani da yawa ga kanta ba, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikin namo a Siberiya, Urals, da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. An bambanta tsayin daka ba kawai ta hanyar harbe ba, har ma da kodan. Budsauren fure da ganyayyaki a buɗe, bushesan bushes suna bada fruita afteran bayan tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi, wanda a waɗannan yankuna, daidai ake kira da "yankin m farfe", ba wani abu bane na talakawa.
Abinda ke da mahimmanci ga yan lambu, shuka ba sa fama da cututtukan fungal, ƙwayoyin cuta ko cututtukan hoto, kwari ma basu nuna sha’awa ba. Sabili da haka, shuka ba ya buƙatar fesawa tare da magungunan kashe qwari da kwari, wanda ke ba ku damar samun amfanin gona mai ƙaunar muhalli.
Daman da ake dasu
Wakilai uku ne kacal a cikin dangin Sheferdian. Masu shayarwa, a daya bangaren, sun kasance masu sha'awar wannan shuka a kwanannan, don haka gwaje-gwajen akan narkar da ire-iren furannin har yanzu basu bada sakamako mai dorewa ba. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da yunƙurin ƙetare Shepherdia tare da buckthorn teku. An gano wannan jagorar a matsayin mai matukar cika alkawari - yana yiwuwa a haɗu da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma babban itacen-buckthorn teku tare da halayyar makiyayi juriya ga cututtuka, kwari, yanayin yanayin illa da yanayin yanayi.
Mafi sau da yawa a cikin gidajen lambuna zaka iya samun makiyayar azurfa (S. argentea). Wannan itace-kamar itace mai rassa tare da rassa, har ya kai girman 5-6. Matasa greenish-azurfa harbe sannu a hankali canza launi zuwa taupe. Leavesanan ganye, tsawon cm cm 3-5, a cikin nau'ikan diddige tare da tip na goge baki. Sakamakon halayyar halayyar halayya, an jefa su a ɓangarorin biyu tare da azirfa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da diamita na 5-6 mm da nauyin nauyin 0,5-0.7. Suna girma a ƙarshen bazara, kodayake sun sami launi na halayyar a watan Yuli.
Ana samun makiyayin azirki a cikin dabarun lambu sau da yawa.
Akwai kiwo tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu haske masu haske - Xanthocarpa da Goldeneye. Amma waɗannan nasarorin da aka samu kwanan nan ne na shayarwa, wanda har yanzu ba kasafai ake samun wahalar buɗewa ba. Neman su yana da matukar wahala, har ma da ƙasashen waje.
Bidiyo: abin da makiyayi azurfa yake yi
Makiyayin Kanada (S. canadensis) ana samun shi "cikin zaman talala" sau da yawa ba sau da yawa. Tana da fa'ida wacce ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba - babu ratsin tsalle-tsalle, amma tana iya yin aikin kayan ado na musamman. Fruitsa fruitsanunta arean ƙananan, rawaya-orange, basu da dandano. Hakanan ba ta bambanta a cikin girman girma, matsakaicin matsakaicin shine 1.5-2.5 m. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore ko zaitun, mai sheki mai haske, mai ƙirar kwai.
Babban amfani da makiyayi na Kanada shine rashin ƙaya, amma 'ya'yan itaciyar ba sa cin abinci.
Representativearshe wakilin halittu shine makiyayi mai zagaye (S. rotundifolia). Wannan itace ingantacciyar shuka da aka samo a cikin yanayi na musamman a cikin jihar Colorado. Ba ya bambanta a cikin tsananin hunturu, saboda haka bai dace da namo a yawancin yankin Rasha ba. Ta ganye an rufe da kananan growths, kama da warts, located a kan rassan sosai densely. A lokaci guda, suna da ƙyalli, sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu, harbe suna zuwa ƙasa, suna samar da kyakkyawan wasan wuta. Furanni masu kadan, masu launin rawaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su ci.
Shepherdia rotundifolia - wata shuka ce mai dumbin yawa a Colorado wacce ba ta da tsayayyar sanyi, wacce ke kawo cikas ga rarrabuwar ta tsakanin lambu mai son.
Yadda ake shuka shuka
Shepherdia ba shi da ma'anar. An bayyana wannan musamman a cikin ƙimar ƙasa. Zai fi dacewa a gare shi shi ne yashi loamy ko ƙasa loamy - quite gina jiki kuma tare da mai kyau aeration. Amma yana iya girma inda babu wata al'ada da zata iya rayuwa. Shepherdia ya samu nasarar wanzuwa kuma yana bada 'ya'ya akan yashi, dutse, gishirin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a kan tushen shuka akwai ƙananan nodules - kwantena na ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman. Godiya garesu, makiyaya suna samar da kanta da sinadarin "nitrogen", tana "cire shi" daga yanayin. Kadai kawai mai ƙarfi (yumɓu, laka, peat) bazai dace da ita ba.
Tushen tsarin tsiro ya zama na sama, amma an samu ci gaba sosai. Sabili da haka, ana iya dasa daji akan tsaunuka, tsaunuka, gangara. Yana da ikon iya kiyaye waɗannan wurare da kyau daga lalata.
A bu mai kyau a zabi wani fili domin makiyayan. Heat da hasken rana tabbatacce suna tasiri yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano na berries. Zabi mara kyau shine kowane yanki mai laushi, suna yin tururuwar ruwa da iska mai sanyi. Hakanan, kada ku dasa ciyayi inda ruwan ƙasa ya kusanto zuwa ga sama da mita. Babu ragi na danshi kusan shine kawai abin buƙata na shuka, yana da daraja a saurare shi. Haka kuma yana da kyau a sami shinge a wani nesa da yake kare daji daga fushin iska mai sanyi, amma wannan ba wani abu ake bukata ba.
Heat da hasken rana suna da tasirin gaske a kan yawan da dandano na berries makiyaya
Mafi kyawun lokacin don sauka a cikin yanayin yanayi, musamman ma a cikin Urals da Siberiya, lokacin bazara ne. Yanayin a cikin wadannan yankuna ba a iya faɗi ba; hunturu na iya zuwa kwatsam. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa akalla watanni biyu ne suka rage kafin sanyi na farko. Don seedling, wannan isasshen lokacin ne don "jimre wa damuwa" da kuma dacewa da sabon yanayin rayuwa.
Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa tsire-tsire a lokaci guda, ana kiyaye nesa tsakanin 1.8-2 m tsakanin su. Iyakar abin da banda ita ce makiyaya, an tsara ta ta samar da shinge. A wannan yanayin, an rage tazara zuwa 0.5 m.
Dole ne a sayi tsire-tsire na Shepherdia a cikin shaguna na musamman ko wuraren kiwon lafiya, wannan garanti ne na ingancin kayan shuka
Matsakaicin zurfin ramin saukowa shine 0.5-0.75 m. Yana da kyau a shirya shi gaba, aƙalla kwanaki 10-12 kafin tsarin da aka tsara. Ga kowane ƙara 10-15 na 15 na daskararren taki ko humus, kwalban lita na katako mai itace, hada takin mai magani tare da saman duniya na cirewa daga ramin (farkon 10-15 cm). Don haka kuna buƙatar rufe ramin tare da wani abu mai hana ruwa, alal misali, wani yanki na kwance.
Babu buƙatar yin rami mai zurfin rami don makiyaya, tushen tsarin tsirrai na sama ne
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da sauka a cikin ƙasa. Wannan hanyar don makiyaya ta banbanta da na itace na bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
- Ana bincika tushen tsarin a hankali, an bushe bushe kuma an cire tushen tushen. Lafiya mai tsabta 2-3 cm, ba tare da taɓa nodules a kansu ba.
- Tushen Shepherdia yana nutsuwa tsawon awanni 3-4 a cikin kwantena na ruwa a zazzabi a daki. Kuna iya ƙara potassium permanganate a gare shi (a cikin kodadadden launin ruwan hoda) ko kowane biostimulant (Epin, Heteroauxin, potassium humate, succinic acid), tunda kun shirya maganin gwargwadon umarnin.
- An dasa shuka a kan tudun ƙasa kuma a hankali daidaita tushen, suna jagorantar su ƙasa. Dole ne a ɗauki kulawa ta musamman don kar a lalata ƙwayoyin nodules a kansu.
- An rufe ramin dasa tare da kananan rabo na duniya, lokaci-lokaci girgiza seedling. Ba lallai ba ne don haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance isasshe sako-sako.
- Ana shayar da da'irar gangar jikin tare da diamita na 50-70 cm cm, yana ciyar da lita 25-30 na ruwa. Lokacin da aka tuna, wannan yanki an mulched da peat crumb, humus, ciyawar da aka yanyanzu, da kuma ciyawar fure.
- Ragowar harbe suna gajarta ta kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku don haɓaka ƙarin saka alama.
Shuka makiyaya a cikin ƙasa kusan babu bambanci da irin wannan hanyar don sauran tsirrai da bishiyoyi
Kiwo makiyaya
Shepherdia yayi nasarar yaduwa ta duka tsire-tsire da hanyoyin samar da abubuwa. A lokaci guda, bushes samu daga tsaba cikakken gaji da varietal halaye na "iyaye" shuka. Wannan bai shafi kawai ga bishiyar kiba ta hanyar kiwo ba, amma a zahiri basu faruwa a Rasha.
Shuka shuka
Ana tattara tsaba Shepherdia da kansa, yana jujjuya ɓangaren litattafan almara mafi girma a cikin matattarar. Sannan a sanya akwati tare da su a rana.Lokacin da ɓangaren litattafan almara ya bushe, ana iya samun sauƙin rabu da shi.
Tsarin Shepherdia suna da sauki a tara kansu, yana da kyau a dasa su a shekarar da aka tattara su
An dasa su a cikin kaka ɗaya, akan lokaci, germination yayi raguwa sosai. A cikin tsaba da aka tattara a daidai wannan lokacin, kusan kashi 80%. Ba shi da amfani a ajiye abu mai dasa fiye da shekara biyu. Mafi kyawun lokacin don ƙasa shine farkon shekarun Nuwamba. Matsakaicin tsire-tsire "namiji" da "mace" a cikin amongan da aka karɓa ya kusan daidai yake, don haka babu buƙatar damuwa game da wannan.
- An shuka tsaba da aka girbe nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude. Ba sa buƙatar yin zurfin zurfafa, kawai 2-3 cm ya isa.Har iska mara tsami ta dace da wannan dalilin. Domin kada ku rasa shafin saukowa, zaku iya tono karamin akwati a cikin kasa a gaba. Wani madadin wannan zahirin yanayin shine tsufa na tsawon makonni 6-8 a zazzabi na 0-2 ° C. A wannan yanayin, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin watan Afrilu ko Mayu, amma adadin ƙwayar su tayi ƙasa sosai - babu sama da kashi 60%.
- An dasa ciyayi tare da peat ko humus, suna ƙirƙirar farin ciki cm cm cm 8. Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, ana zuba dusar kankara kan gado.
- Farkon harbe ya kamata ya bayyana a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu. A lokacin kakar, ana kula da seedlings kamar yadda tsire-tsire suke girma. Har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli, yana da kyau a aiwatar da takin 2-3 tare da takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen - suna taɓar da haɓakar taro na kore.
- A ƙarshen kaka, tsire-tsire za su kai tsayin cm 12-15. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire za a iya dasa su zuwa yankin da aka yi niyya. Farkon girbi daga makiyaya da aka shuka daga tsaba ana iya tsammanin a cikin shekaru 5-6, amma wannan lokacin na iya shimfiɗa shekaru 8-10.
Irin shukawar Shepherdia da aka dasa a cikin fili kafin lokacin hunturu ya nuna ingantacciyar shuka sama da wacce tayi shuka a gida
Yaduwa ta tushen yadudduka
Shepherdia ta sami wannan 'ya'yan itace sau 3-4 bayan tushen. Ana yin harbe-harbe mai yawa a nesa na 1.5-2 m daga daji. Shekaru biyu sun fi dacewa da tushe.
Sake bugun ta amfani da harsasai hanyace ta dabi'ar kanta. Dasa abubuwa a hankali an cire su daga ƙasa tare da asalinsu.
- Tona sama da ƙasa, layering a hankali rabu da uwar shuka. Wajibi ne a yi yankan yanka kamar yadda zai yiwu, a rage rauni a cikin tushen.
- An raunata raunukan da 'ya'yan suka lalata, an yayyafa shi da alli, an kunna gawayi, itacen ash, kirfa.
- Ana shuka shimfidar layya a cikin wurin da aka zaɓa, an shayar da shi sosai. Idan titin bai da daɗi sosai, an rufe su da kwalaben filastik da aka yanke. A cikin matsanancin zafi, ana kiyaye plantings tare da farin kayan rufe. Da zaran sababbin ganye suka bayyana, za a iya cire mafaka.
Yankan
Itace wani makiyayi shine babba ko kuma tsakiyar yanki na tsawan shekara 10-12 cm. Yanke su a kwana na kusan 45º. Yana da kyawawa da ba za a daidaita shi ba; irin wannan nau'in tsiron yana ɗauka sosai cikin sauri. Kuna iya yanke kayan dasa a ko'ina cikin lokacin, amma mafi kyawun lokacin don wannan shine ƙarshen Yuli ko farkon farkon Yuli.
Shepherdia cuttings mafi dacewa da yaduwa - fi na shekara-shekara harbe
- A m yanke na shoot ne soaked na kimanin a rana a cikin wani bayani na kowane tushen stimulant shirya bisa ga umarnin. Kuna iya zub da sauƙi tare da foda Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Zircon.
- Poananan tukwane ko kofuna waɗanda filastik suna cike da ƙasa haifuwa don shuka. Amfani yana da kyau
- An dasa yankan a cikin ƙasa, yana zurfafa ta 3-4 cm a wani kusurwa na kusan 60º. Idan ya cancanta, karya ƙananan ganye. Yayyafa ƙasa tare da bakin ciki na yashi (1-2 cm). Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse ta hanyar sanya kwantena a cikin jakunkuna, rufe su da gilashin gilashi ko yanke gilashin filastik. Kowace rana na mintuna 5 zuwa 10, ana cire matsugunin don guje wa ƙwanƙwasa.
- Shanks an ba su da haske mai warwatse mai haske na tsawon awanni 8-10 a rana da zazzabi na 22-25 ° C, ba da tushen cikin kwanaki 20-25. Hakanan, suna buƙatar fesa kullun da ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin. Bai kamata a bar kasar ta bushe ba; sarewar hasken rana kai tsaye a kansu suma suna da illa.
- A ƙarshen Satumba ko kuma a cikin shekaru goma na farkon Oktoba, ana fitar da daskararrun tsire zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Shepherdia ana yadu dashi ta hanyar itace kamar yadda sauran bushes bushes.
Shrub kulawa
Kula da Makiyayi zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan da ƙoƙari. Hatta wadanda ba su da kwarewa sosai a fagen da suka dace ana da tabbacin za su iya jurewa da yadda ake bunkasa ta.
An san Shepherdia ta sanyi da jure fari, rashin daidaituwa ga ingancin ƙasa. Ba ta buƙatar tsari don hunturu, za ta iya yi da ruwan sama na halitta. Ko da yake ta amsa godiya ga ƙarin shayarwa da kuma kayan miya, Organic ko ma'adinai.
Shepherdia yana jure mafi tsananin sanyi ba tare da lalacewa ba, sabili da haka, baya buƙatar tsari don hunturu
Duk wani shuka yana buƙatar ruwa yayin samarwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Sabili da haka, idan bazara tayi zafi da bushewa, yana da kyau a shayar da makiyayan sau ɗaya a kowace ranakun 8-10, ana kashe lita 25-30 a kan gandun daji.
Makiyayi zai iya yin amfani da ruwan sama na zahiri, amma yin ruwa na yau da kullun a lokacin bazara yana da tasirin gaske a kan amfanin gona
Kowane lokaci bayan ruwa ko ruwan sama, dole ne a saki ƙasa sosai. Tushen tushen makiyaya an bunkasa shi, amma na sama ne. Hanya na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci. Edsaukar kaya suna cire abubuwan da ake buƙata daga tsirran kuma suna tsoma baki tare da maganin al'ada. Da muhimmanci ajiye lokaci akan weeding zai taimaka mulching. Tushen Basal, idan babu buƙatar dasa kayan, ana cire su ta hanyar tono ƙasa da pruning Tushen. Ba a shawarar "Hemp" ya fita.
Sau biyu zuwa uku a lokacin kakar, zaka iya yin suturar miya. A cikin bazara, shuka yana buƙatar nitrogen. Wannan za'a iya juya shi ko dusar humus (15-20 l) a kusa-da'irar kusa, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate (10-15 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko kuma jiko na kore nettle, ganyen dandelion (ko wasu ciyayi).
Urea, kamar sauran takin mai magani na nitrogen, yana tayar da shuka don gina taro mai kore, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci a bazara
A lokacin samarwa da tumatir na 'ya'yan itace, ana ciyar da bushes tare da phosphorus da potassium (25-30 g na sauki superphosphate da potassium nitrate a kowace l 10 na ruwa). Wani madadin na halitta shine jiko na itacen ash (1 lita na iya lita 3 na ruwan zãfi). Bayan mun girbe, ana maimaita miya iri ɗaya. Kuna iya amfani da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa (ABA, Autumn).
Wood ash - asalin halitta asalin potassium da phosphorus
An san Shepherdia ta hanyar haɓakawa da kuma ƙarƙashi mai ƙarfi, don haka kawai hanya mai mahimmanci na kulawa da ita shine pruning. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna kama da kayan tarihi da yawa kuma sun fi ado. Yana da kyau a iyakance tsawo zuwa 2-2.5 m, rage gaɓoɓin gefen zuwa rassan farko. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe girbi. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a kowace shekara 3-5.
Sa'ilin da kuka girma, adadin girma yana raguwa, saboda haka kowace shekara 7-8 makiyaya na buƙatar girke girkewa mai sakewa. Dukkanin tsoffin harbe da suka wanzu fiye da wannan zamani an cire su gaba daya, ragowar suna gajarta da girman shekaru biyu zuwa uku na karshe. Wannan yana ƙarfafa daji zuwa gaba da yin alama, yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓaka da ƙara girman 'ya'yan itacen.
Don yankan makiyayi amfani da kayan aikin kaifi da sanitized kawai
Kowace shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka, ana fitar da tsabtace tsabtace jiki, kawar da fashe, bushe da rashin nasara wurin, an gabatar da ƙasa kuma zurfi cikin kambi, harbe harbe.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na sheikiya, kamar yadda na sani, suna da daɗi da ƙanshi, an rubuta wannan a duk hanyoyin. Amma dangi na makiyayi na azurfa - makiyayan Kanada - hakika yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗaci.
Ubangijin furanni//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
Shepherdia kamar buckthorn teku ne, wanda ya haɗa da ɗanɗano, kamar turni don radish - kawai dangi ɗaya ne kuma siffar 'ya'yan itacen - ba komai ba ne gama gari.
serov vladimir//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
Na yi girma makiyayi na azurfa har shekara biyu yanzu. Kyawawan matsala wahala-free, ba tukuna bloomed.
Valeric//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=290565
Kowace shekara nakan tattara makiyayi. Cikakke, kusan ceri Berry: mai dadi, ɗanɗano kaɗan, dandano na astringent yana nan, amma dan kadan. Wannan Berry shine mai son, amma ina son shi sosai, na daskare da yawa kuma ci a cikin hunturu, kamar tsaba. A cikin ƙasarmu, makiyaya ba ta girma tare da bishiyoyi masu mita uku kuma, a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries, ya fi kama da ivushka.
Lyudmila I//otvet.mail.ru/question/171230749
Shepherdia, ba shakka, tsire-tsire mai dioecious ne. Tsarin furanni na namiji da ta mace ana iya bambance shi kawai ta hanyar fure: a cikin maza suna zagaye, babba, a cikin mata - nuna, ƙarami. An kafa fure-fure na fure a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara da ci gaba harbe. Furannin an tattara furanni a takaice-inflorescences-dimbin yawa. Pollination a cikin makiyaya, harma da sauran masu ruwa da ruwa da ke da alaka da teku, gicciye, mai sukar da makiyaya suna sharar kwari, buckthorn teku yana gurɓatar da iska. Na samo tsire-tsire na maza daban-daban, suna ƙanana, kusan rabin mita tsawo, kada ku yadu daɗewa.
Peregrina//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Kamar buckthorn teku, makiyaya itace mai dioecious. Don fruiting, yana da mahimmanci don samun mace da namiji shuka. Shekaru da yawa yanzu, mace shuka na Shepherdia, an liƙa akan tebur buckthorn, an blooming, saboda babu namiji shuka, da ovary, ko da yake yana siffofin, amma da sauri da dama a kashe. Ba shi da daraja damuwa game da hunturu hardiness na makiyaya, shi ne gaba daya sanyi-resistant, haka ma, fari-resistant, ba mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka na fungal.
Sergey Lazurchenko//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Da kaina, ganina shine cewa idan kuna son ci gaba da makiyaya saboda berries, bai kamata ba! Berry, bisa manufa, yana da daɗi, amma halayyar ɗanɗano da yawa daga cikin Suckers ba a sakin shi gaba daya. Idan kun kiyaye shi, kawai don tarin ne, a matsayin “mara ƙaranci” kamar yadda nake, tattara duk abin da zai yuwu kuma ba zai yiwu ba a shafin sa.
Nikolay daga Samara//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Shuka makiyaya ba zai buƙaci isasshen kuɗaɗe lokaci da ƙoƙari daga lambu ba. Ya isa ya ba ta wata 'yar kulawa, domin daji har shekaru da yawa suka yi wa lambun ado. Dankin yana da matuƙar daraja don kyawawa, bayyanar sabon abu mai ban sha'awa da kuma amfanin 'ya'yan itacen. Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin haɓakar shahararsa. Shepherdia a hankali yana yaduwa a Rasha. Tana da cikakkiyar ikon yin ƙaura daga gonar lambu, alal misali, buckthorn teku.
