Halin da mutane ke yi a Maca sun kasance maras kyau, saboda a lokacin, yayin da wasu sunyi la'akari da ita kamar kyakkyawan shuka da kuma kyakkyawar adadin abubuwan da suke da shi, wasu suna magana game da kayan aiki na opium da wanda ba a so a kusan kowane nau'i. Shin yana da illa mai cututtukan opium kuma za mu iya amfana daga gare ta, zamu yi kokarin ganowa.
Opium (hypnotic) poppy: bayanin hoto
A yau an shuka shuki mai tsire-tsire, mai tsayi na mita 1-1.2, wanda ake kira mai barci mai barci.. Kusan duk sassansa ko dai tsirara ne ko kuma an rufe shi da gashi guda, akasari a kan peduncles kuma a kan veins of leaf plates. 
Tushen tushen
Tsarin poppy root tsarin wakilci ne wanda ake kira ta taproot, wanda ya shiga ƙasa 1 m ko ma zurfi. An sanya kananan ganyen elongated kadan a cikin karkace kuma suna girma zuwa 20-30 cm a tsawon.
Shin kuna sani? An yi imanin cewa poppy ke tsiro ko da yaushe yawanci a fagen fama. Babban dalilin wannan shi ne, ba shakka, launin ja-jini na furanni.
Stems da ganye
Hatsin kore-kore na poppy hypnotic ne a tsaye, cikakken santsi kuma dan kadan aka haɗa a saman. An bar su, a kan al'amuransu na waje, za a iya raba su zuwa kungiyoyi guda biyu: an sanya kananan a kan kananan petioles kuma a hankali sun shiga cikin farantin kanta, kuma babba ba su da cikakke, tare da bluish da oblong, nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'in (10-30 cm).
Suna da lakabi mai laushi ko ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa. 
Flowers da 'ya'yan itatuwa
Actinomorphic, manyan furanni na shuka suna samuwa a kan tsararru da tsayi, wanda zai iya zama ko dai banda, ko tare da bristles kadan.
Dukkanansu suna da aure kuma an samo su a saman saman rassan rassan. Har sai an bayyana cewa, baƙi da fata na fata suna cikin fadin jihar. Tsawon furanni masu zuwa shine 1.5-3 cm Kafin budewa, dukansu sun daidaita, kuma sassan biyu a cikin kofin suka fada.
Ginin mintinimita goma an kafa shi ne ta hudu ko ƙananan furen giya na jan, ruwan hoda, fari ko launi mai launi tare da irin wannan shunayya ko rawaya a tushe.
Yawancin stamens suna da kyauta a cikin wasu da'irori. Su zaren iya zama duhu da haske, tare da thickening sama da tsakiyar.
Anthers - dan kadan elongated, gynetsy - coenycarpic, halitta daga dama accreted carpels. Ovary yawanci babba, tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi. 
Ana iya lura da furanni mai suna Opium na Mayu har zuwa Agusta, kuma a ƙarshen wannan tsari 'ya'yan itatuwa suna fitowa a kan tsire-tsire, suna wakiltar gajeren cylindrical ko kusan nau'in fure-furen nau'i na tsawon mita 2-7. Irin wannan akwati ya ɗanɗani kaɗan kuma ya juya zuwa kafa mai kyau.
A cikin 'ya'yan itace ba tare da ƙidayar ba, tare da raunuka masu yawa da ƙananan kananan tsaba. Lambar lamina ta zama mai laushi, tare da furta hakora da rawanin 8-12.
Dukkanin tsaba da ke ciki suna da yawa sosai, tare da ƙarancin ƙarewa. Sun kai 1-1.5 mm diamita kuma ana ganin su cikakke ne a ƙarshen Yuli ko farkon watan Satumba.
Karanta kuma game da siffofi na noma na yankin gabas da California.
Gwada al'ada
Har zuwa yanzu, babu wata yarjejeniya game da mahaifar wariyar opium. Wasu matakai suna magana game da rashin bayanai game da ci gabanta a cikin daji da kuma yiwuwar girma kawai a cikin al'ada, yayin da wasu (alal misali, GRIN) bayanai suna kira Canary Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Italiya, Girka, arewacin Aljeriya, Libya da Tunisiya.
Game da al'adun al'adu, Asia Minor, Girka, Indiya, Iran, Sin da Turkiyya, inda aka shuka shuka tun zamanin d ¯ a, an dauki su a matsayin jagora a wannan hanya.
A tsohon Amurka, an yi amfani da poppy opium don dalilai na magani a cikin 70s na karni na karshe, kuma gonar ta fara a Kyrgyzstan. A wannan lokacin, manyan kayan shuka da aka dasa a cikin Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan, yayin da ke cikin kasar Ukrain na zamani da kuma a cikin lardin Voronezh ya kasance mai girma a cikin zamanin juyin juya hali. 
Har ila yau, kuna iya samun mayafin barci a yankin Samara, Bashkiria da kuma kudancin Siberia Siyasa. Yau, ana hana wannan tsire-tsire daga girma kusan a ko'ina, kuma banda kawai shine kudancin yammacin Sin, Thailand da Burma.
Chemical abun da ke ciki da kuma amfani da opium poppy
Dukan dukiya na opium poppy an ƙaddara ta hadewar sinadaran, don haka amfani da ita don dalilai na kiwon lafiya ya fara da binciken waɗannan halaye.
Karanta yadda aka yi amfani dasu don dalilai na kiwon lafiya kamar shuke-shuken ja, pelargonium, mullein, da shiksha na magani, salsola Siberia, fure, marijuana, shuttuka, tushe na calgan, horar da, ephedra horsetail da peony evading.
Yin nazarin abun da ke ciki
A lokacin tsawon lokacin ci gaba, abun da ke cikin sinadarai wanda aka kwatanta shi yana iya bambanta. Sabili da haka, a matakin farko, kimanin kashi 20 cikin 100 na ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ruwan' ya'yan itace, wanda aka sani da opium, yana nan a cikin ɓangaren sama na shuka. Yana cikin abun da ke ciki cewa kashi 10-25% na adadin isoquinoline alkaloids yana dauke da su, rabi daga cikinsu shine morphine narcotic abubuwa.
Sauran sune Papaverine, codeine, labaine da wasu wasu sinadaran da ake amfani da su a yau don dalilai na kiwon lafiya. A lokaci guda, kawai 0.3-0.5% morphine za a iya samuwa a cikin kwalaye mai cikakke na Shrovetide Poppy, wanda ya fi kasa da farko a cikin matakai na samfur.
Amfani da aikace-aikace a magani
Morphine, codeine da ɗayan da aka ware daga opium suna amfani dasu a cikin aikin likita na zamanin zamani, tun da yake suna da kaya masu zuwa:
- morphine yana iya jimre wa bayyanar mai tsanani mai tsanani kuma an dauke shi azabar narcotic (amfani da shi ya dace idan ya sami raunuka masu tsanani, cututtuka da kuma cututtukan zuciya).
- codeine rage rashin lafiyar cibiyar ciwon nura kuma ana amfani da ita wajen kirkiro maganin antitussive;
- biyu, kamar morphine, wata mahimmanci ne na asali, wanda ya taimaka wajen magance matsalolin haɗari.
Daga cikin shahararren samfurori tare da morphine, maganin kashi daya cikin kashi Morphine Hydrochloride, gyaran injection Morfilong (0.5%) da Omnopon (1% ko 2%) za'a iya bambanta. Dukkanin su ana amfani da su a matsayin magunguna masu karfi. Codeine wani ɓangare ne na kwayoyi "Codelac", "Codeterpin" da kuma maganin Bechterew.Yana da muhimmanci! Yin amfani da kwayoyi tare da poppy alkaloids na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da jaraba kuma, sakamakon haka, cigaban cigaba da miyagun kwayoyi.
Differences na opium daga ado poppy
Abin takaici, mutane da yawa a tattara kwayoyi masu ban sha'awa ba suyi mamakin asali da irin shuka ba, suna shan kowane nau'i a matsayin kayan abinci.
Ko shakka babu, waɗannan samfurori zasu kasance suna da yawancin man fetur, amma don kare kansu daga yin amfani da opiates, yana da kyau mu san game da bambancin dake cikin abinci da barci.
Abincin noma wanda aka samo a ƙasan kasarmu yafi sun hada da poppy na Gabas mai tsawo da Shirley poppy, wanda ake kira nau'in kai. Dukansu nau'o'in suna da nauyin furen furen mai haske, wanda ɓangaren yana farawa daga sautin orange kuma ya ƙare a cikin kayan jin dadi. 
Don kwatanta, ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna kodadde, blue-violet. A wasu nau'o'in kayan ado, sassan launi sunyi kusan su a cikin kwayar barci, amma furanni zai kasance mai haske da kuma sananne.
Shin zai yiwu a yi girma poppy a matsayin mai amfanin gona konamental?
An haramta shuke-shuke da aka kwatanta don noma a ƙasashe da dama, kuma a cikin Ukraine, Belarus da kuma Rasha don noma a cikin makircin dacha ke ba da nauyin nauyi. Bari mu dubi nuances na wannan batu a hankali.
A cikin Ukraine
Idan kana la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi narcotic na poppy, da gonar da ake amfani da shi don makasudin sayar da ku (koda koda za ku yi gasa ko kuma kuna da mummunan niyyar) yana ba da izinin lasisi mai dacewa. An bayyana wannan a cikin Mataki na bakwai na Dokar "A kan Drugs" da kuma Mataki na 9 na Dokar "A lasisi".
Tun lokacin da aka dauki gonar wani nau'i ne na kasuwanci kuma a yawancin lokuta an rajista a matsayin halayen shari'a, mai noma yana da zarafin samun lasisi da ake bukata. Tare da cikakken jerin takardun da ake buƙatar wannan, kowane ɗan ƙasa zai iya fahimtar kansu a kan aikin ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Hoto. 
Daga cikin irin itatuwan wariyar da aka halatta don noma su ne Berkut, Victoria, Volynsky, Grey, Terlach, Zhar, Krivotulsky, Kristall, Coral da sauran nau'o'in.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za a iya ba da lasisi na namo ba ne ga manomi wanda yake da aikin gona ko wanda ya hayar da darekta tare da matakan ilimi. Dole ne ku samar da ayyuka don injiniyan injiniya da kuma agronomist.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shi ne cewa duk ma'aikata masu aiki dole ne su zama manya, masu iyawa kuma ba su da rikodi, kuma manomi dole ne ya samar da duk wani yanayi na kare lafiyar samfurori tare da rigakafin yiwuwar sata.
Game da sayan tsaba don bunkasa waɗannan tsire-tsire, dole ne su kasance masu kwakwalwa da haifuwa, waɗanda aka ba da su ta hanyar samar da iri, wanda aka lura da su a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Rubuce-rubucen Jihar.
A Rasha
Opium poppy an haɗa shi a cikin jerin abubuwan narcotic a Rasha, amma, baya gareshi, ana iya azabtar da manoma don shuka shuke-shuken tare da akwatin diamita na 2-5 cm ko fiye.
Yawancin su su ne shekara-shekara, ko da yake wasu lokutan mabannials sukan samo (alal misali, wariyar launin fata, wanda yawancin lambu yake ƙaunar). A cikin Gwamnatin Dokta lamba 934 a jerin sunayen da aka hana a yau an rubuta sunayensu:
- Alamar amfani;
- kafa;
- batarwa;
- gabas.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ma'aikatar masana'antu da cinikayya ta yi magana game da buƙata ta halatta magungunan poppy opium a kan gonar gona, ta jayayya da ra'ayinta ta hanyar amfani da manufofin kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu an ba da gyaran gyare-gyare masu dacewa zuwa Mataki na 18 na Dokar "A kan kwayoyin cutar kwayoyi" ba, wanda ke nufin cewa duk abincin da aka yi da shi ko kuma laifin aikata laifuka ne aka tanada don shuka bishiyar da ke sama.
A Belarus
Ana azabtar da mutanen Belarus saboda ci gaba da tsirrai da tsire-tsire tare da fines ko ma ɗaurin kurkuku, idan muna magana ne game da tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci ko aiki da tsire-tsire ga magungunan narcotic don amfanin kasuwa. An bayyana wannan a cikin labarin na 16 na Dokar Gudanarwa na Jamhuriyar Belarus.
Duk da haka, akwai wani banda daga kowace mulki, kuma a yanayin yanayin opium poppy yana aiki ne na kimiyya. Tabbas, ƙungiyar ko mutum dole ne ya sami dukkan takardun da suka dace da tabbatar da matsayinsa.
Shin kuna sani? Sunan "morphine" an hade shi da sunan allahn mafarki Morpheus, kuma, a fili, saboda magungunan hypnotic wadannan fararen lu'ulu'u ne, waɗanda aka ware a 1806, sun sami irin wannan ma'anar.
Ba a haramta jinsin kayan lambu don namo, amma a lokaci guda kowane lambu ya buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ba'a haramta tsire-tsire masu girma ba.
Don kare kansu daga matsala masu wuya, mutane da yawa sun fi so kada su yi girma a cikin kullun, wanda yana da wasu ma'ana: wasu jinsuna suna da kama da kayan ado, amma suna dauke da opiates. 
A takaice, idan baku da cikakken nazarin duk bukatun dokokin gida game da yiwuwar girma shuke-shuke da aka haramta a yankinku, to, ya fi kyau kada ku yi haɗari.
Shuka wasu furanni masu kyau a kan shirin ku, musamman kamar yadda za ku iya saya kayan lambu da aka shirya don abinci a kusan kowane kantin sayar da kayan kaya.
Zaka iya yi wa shirinka kayan ado tare da taimakon: marigold, nasturtium, ipomoea, dahlia, delphinium, asters, kosmey, zinnia ko petunias.
