Wane irin ƙasar ne ƙaunar karamin ƙauna da yadda za a shirya gonar da shi ba tare da wani kuskure ba?

Karas - amfanin gonar lambu, yana buƙatar girma. Za a iya samun babban girbi ko da daga gado daya, idan kun shirya shiri sosai don dasa.

Matsayi mai muhimmanci na kasar gona shi ne abin da ke ciki. A cikin yankin da ake cikewa, ƙwayar yaro ba ta da zurfi ba tare da jin dadi ba.

Kafin shuka tsaba, wajibi ne don ƙayyade irin ƙasar, don aiwatar da matakai don inganta yanayinta.

Me ya sa nake bukatan horo?

A lokacin kaka yin kwari kwari kwari yana kan farfajiya kuma ya mutu a cikin hunturu. Fertilizing da liming acidic ƙasa zai taimaka wajen girma mai arziki da kuma dadi amfanin gona.

Tsaba na karas sun fi girma a ƙasa mara kyau. Don dasawa ya zama mai santsi, kana buƙatar ka tsaftace tsabta daga yankin.

Yaushe za a fara?

Land don dasa shuki karas fara farawa a cikin kakalokacin da kakar lambu ta kare. A cikin bazara, aiki a kan shafin da aka zaɓa ya fara 10-14 days kafin shuka tsaba.

Siffofin shinge

Lokacin zabar shafin don karas, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da wadannan sigogi na ƙasa:

• yawa;
• acidity;
• haihuwa.

Chemical abun da ke ciki

Mafi kyau acidity na ƙasa ga karas - tsaka tsakii.e. tare da pH a cikin kewayon 6.5-7.0. An yarda da kayan lambu na kayan lambu masu girma a cikin ƙasa mai karamin acidic. Da abun humus bai zama kasa da 4% ba.

Mechanical abun da ke ciki

Karas suna mafi kyau sown a sako-sako da sandy ko loamy ƙasa. Ya kamata ba dauke da duwatsu, manyan lumps da asalinsu ba. Da manufa ƙasa yawa ga karas ne 0.65 g da cm³. A cikin haske ƙasa, wanda ya hada da isasshen yadu na yashi, da tushen su ne mai dadi da kuma m. Lokacin da kayan lambu ke girma a cikin ƙasa mai yawan ƙasa yana ragewa sosai.

Clay ba dace da dasa shuki karas ba. Yana samar da ɓawon burodi, wanda ya hana tsirrai iri. Harbe za su kasance masu rauni kuma marar amfani. A cikin ƙasa tare da babban abun ciki na yumbu ruwa stagnates, wanda zai haifar da lalata tushen amfanin gona.

Umurni na mataki-mataki don shirya ƙasa a gonar

Kafin yin shuka karas, wajibi ne a ƙayyade yanayin da zafi na ƙasa, da acidity.

Tabbatar da hankali ga nau'in samfurin

Ƙayyade irin yanayin ƙasa zai iya zama hanya mai sauki. Don yin wannan, an yi amfani da dintsi mai yatsa kadan daga ruwa, yana ƙoƙarin yin kwallon, sa'an nan kuma mirgine shi a cikin tsiran alade da bagel. Bayan da aka yi amfani da shi ya auna sakamakon:

1. Ƙasa yumɓu shine filastik, yana ɗaukar kanta don tsarawa da kuma riƙe da siffarta.
2. Ana iya samo goge da tsiran alade daga loam, kuma an kafa fasa a kan jaka. Yana iya lalata. Idan loam yana haske, nauyin tsiran alaƙa bazai aiki ba.
3. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi kwalliya daga ƙasa mai laushi, amma kullun yana juyawa cikin launi mai zurfi.
4. Sandy ƙasa ya nutse a cikin itatuwan.
5. Bikin fata mai "baƙar fata", wanda ya bar ƙasa a kan dabino bayan ya shafa shi a hannunsa, alama ce ta kasa baƙar fata.

Hanyar don ƙayyade acidity

An ƙaddara acidity na ƙasa ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman - pH mita. Zaka iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin da aka dogara.

Litmus takarda

Don ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa, kantin kayan sana'a suna sayar da kaya wanda ya haɗa da sikelin launi da kuma jikin da aka sanya a cikin hawan. Don samun alamun, kana buƙatar yin ayyuka da dama:

1. Yi rami rami 35 cm zurfi. Tattara 4 samfurori na ƙasa daga ganuwar, ninka su a cikin gilashin gilashi da haɗuwa.
2. Sasa ƙasa tare da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin wani rabo na 1: 5. Jira 5 da minti, sa'an nan kuma ku shayar da litmus a cikin cakuda don dan lokaci kaɗan.
3. Yi kwatanta launi mai laushi a takarda tare da sikelin haɗin pH.

Bayyanar

Zaka iya yin hukunci game da matakin pH na ƙasa ta bayyanarta. mãkirci. Alamun alamu sun nuna shaidar ƙara yawan acidity:

• Girman fuskar ƙasa;
• ruwa a cikin grooves tare da m tint;
• launin ruwan kasa ya tashi a madadin shayi;
• fim na bakan gizo a kan fuskar duddle.

Tsarin iri

Kowace shafin tana da ciyawa. Don gano abin da ƙasa wasu tsire-tsire suke so, tebur zai taimaka:

Yi amfani da vinegar

An ƙaddara acidity na ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da hanyar ƙasa ta gaba:

1. An sanya jimlar gwaji a ƙasa akan gilashin gilashi kuma an zuba shi tare da kashi 9%.
2. Yi nazarin sakamakon: m kumfa ya nuna wani matsakaici na matsakaici, matsakaici - game da tsaka tsaki, da kuma rashin dauki - game da acid.

Yaya za a gane matakin zafi?

Rashin wuce haddi yana haifar da juyawa daga amfanin gona na tushen, ya shafe ma'adanai mai mahimmanci daga ƙasa, ya ɓad da breathability. Don kare karamin dasa daga irin wannan sakamako, kafin shuka tsaba ƙayyade ƙasa mai laushi.

Masu amfani da gonar suna amfani da magungunan kwalliya, na'urar firikwensin wutar lantarki ko tsaminin gida. Zaka iya yin ba tare da na'urar ba ta hanyar amfani da hanya mai sauƙi: tono rami mai zurfi 20 cm, samun dintsi na ƙasa daga ƙasa kuma danna a hannunka. Dangane da sakamakon, zana ƙaddamar da ya dace:

• ƙasa ya gurguza - zafi ba fiye da 60% ba;
• Hannun hannu sun kasance a ƙasa - kimanin kashi 70%;
• da dunƙule da yawa baya lokacin da guga man ɗauka - cikin 70-75%;
• danshi ya bayyana a wani yanki na ƙasa - fiye da 80%;
• ƙwarƙashin ya yi yawa kuma ya bar takarda mai tsafta akan takarda tace - kimanin 85%;
• danshi oozes daga ƙasa mai matsawa - 90% ko fiye.

Yadda za a yi ƙasa don dasa shuki mafi kyau?

Ƙasa shirye-shirye don karas ya hada da waɗannan ayyukan:

1. A cikin kaka, an ƙyale mãkircin weeds. Bayan makonni 2, sai su tono shi zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm, cire duwatsu da rhizomes. A matsayin disinfectant amfani da 3% Bordeaux ruwa, oxyfine ko 4% bayani na jan karfe oxychloride.
2. Tsarin ƙasa ya bushe ko sake farawa. Sa'an nan kuma leveled surface tare da rake.
3. Yin kirkirar mãkirci, yin takin mai magani.
4. A lokacin bazara, gadon da aka shirya yana shayar da cakuda wanda ya kunshi 1 tsp. jan karfe sulphate, 1 kopin mullein, 10 lita na dumi ruwa.
5. Bayan shuka da tsaba, da furrows fada barci da dan kadan thicken. Sa'an nan kuma gadaje an rufe shi da filastik filastik don riƙe da danshi da zafi. An kawar da tsari lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana.

Zaman yanayi na ciyarwa zai iya raba kashi 2: rabi don yin a cikin fall, da sauran - a cikin bazara. Ana amfani da takin mai magani dangane da irin ƙasa.

Loamy

Ba a gabatar da sand a cikin ƙasa mai haske ba.. Don ƙara yawan haihuwa ta 1 m² yin irin wannan takin mai magani:

• 5 kilogiram na humus ko takin;
• 300 grams na itace ash;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

Chernozem

A lokacin kaka na tono a cikin ƙasa baƙar fata a 1 m² yi da wadannan aka gyara:

• 0.5 buckets na tsohon da sabo ne sawdust;
• 2 tbsp. superphosphate;
• 10 kilogiram na yashi.

Fresh sawdust dole ne a moistened tare da bayani na ma'adinai da takin mai magani.

Clay da podzolic

A cikin fall, lãka da kuma podzolic ƙasa ne ƙasa by dolomite gari ko alli: ga kowane m² yi 2-3 tablespoons. kowace hanya. A babban yumɓun abun ciki, za'a buƙaci takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da humus. A cikin bazara, don ƙara yawan amfanin gona na ƙasa, yayin da yake digo don 1 m² ƙara abubuwa irin su:

• 2 buckets na peat da kogin yashi;
• 10 kilogiram na humus;
• 3-5 kg ​​rotted itace sawdust;
• 300 grams na ash;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate;
• 2 tbsp. nitrofoski.

Sandy

Sandy ƙasa hadu tare da cakuda na gina jiki:

• 2 buckets na turf ƙasar tare da peat;
• 1 guga na humus da sawdust;
• 1 tbsp. nitrophosphate da superphosphate.

An tsara wannan ƙarar don 1 m². Yayin da ake shuka tsaba, ana bada shawara don ƙara itace ash, wanda zai hana ci gaban naman gwari, samar da samfurori tare da abubuwa masu amfani.

M

Idan kuna shirin shuka karas a kan mãkirci tare da ƙasa mai acidic, dole ne ku fara bi da shi tare da fluff a madadin 1 kofin ta 1 m². Ana iya maye gurbinsa da itace ash, alli, ko gari mai dolomite.

Peat

Kafin dasa shuki karas a cikin ƙasa na peat 1 m² ƙara da wadannan aka gyara:

• 5 kilogiram na m yashi;
• 3 kilogiram na humus;
• guga;
• 1 tsp sodium nitrate;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate da potassium chloride.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa yiwu

Kwayoyin da ba su da magunguna a lokacin namo na karas na iya yin irin wannan kuskure:

1. Idan akwai wani abu na cin zarafi na nitrogen-dauke da takin mai magani karas girma m, m.
2. Lokacin amfani da sabon taki harbe za a iya rinjayar rot.
3. Idan kunyi abubuwa masu yawa, kwayoyin za su cigaba da bunkasa, kuma asalinsu za su fito da "ɓoye" ko karkace. Girbi da sauri deteriorates.
4. Girma karas a kan ƙasa mai acid, samun 'ya'yan itace mai dadi ba zai yi aiki ba.
5. Idan a lokacin shirye-shiryen ƙasar ba zai cire duwatsu ba, tushen zai yi girma.
6. Ba zai yiwu ba a lokaci daya amfani da lemun tsami da takin mai magani, tun da suna rarrabe juna da ayyukan.
7. Rashin fashewa na amfanin gona yana haifar da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda lalacewar ƙasa. Albasa, kabeji, kabewa da albarkatun da ake solanaceous suna dauke da kyawawan masu kyau ga karas. Bai kamata ku girbe kayan lambu ba bayan faski ko wake. Re-karas komawa shafin bayan shekaru 4.

Karas ba wajibi ne don kula da su ba, amma suna da damuwa da sinadarin sunadarai da kuma ingancin ƙasa. Don samun girbi mai girbi, kana bukatar ka san ko wane gona ne ya fi kyau shuka, kuma ya shirya wurin da aka zaba. Da farko, ƙayyade irin ƙasa, daidai da abin da yake gudanar da kaka da horo. Domin kada ku cutar da asalinsu, ya kamata ku bi samfurin da aka dace.