Hatiora tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta ce mai zurfi daga cikin gidan dangin. An nuna shi sosai ta hanyar harbe shi, harbe-harben jifa, ya ƙunshi sassan mutane daban-daban. Sassan, dangane da nau'in, na iya zama mai fasasshe, silili, ko fasali mai fasali.
Gidan Hathioras na Gida na Kasar Brazil. A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, yakan yi girma a kan kututtura da rassan bishiyoyi, a cikin yanayi na cikin gida, ana amfani da digiri don namo. Furanni ana dage farawa ne kawai a saman firam matasa. Dangane da nau'in, suna iya zama rawaya, ruwan hoda ko ja.
Hakanan lura da kyawawan tsire-tsire na Schlumberger da pears mai ƙyalli.
Growtharancin girma, haɓaka tsayi kusan 4-5 cm kowace shekara. | |
Fulawa daga hunturu zuwa bazara. | |
Sauƙaƙar wahala mai wahala. | |
Perennial shuka. |
Alamu da camfi
Mashahuri da aka sani da "maza hawaye." An bayyana wannan sunan ta camfi, bisa ga abin da fure “ke tsira” maza daga gidan. Bai kamata mutum yayi imani da irin waɗannan alamun ba. Idan kuna da damuwa, za a iya dasa shukar a cikin daki inda da wuya mazaje su ziyarta.
Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice
Hatiora a gida yana buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa:
Yanayin Zazzabi | A lokacin rani, cikin gida, a cikin hunturu + 10-12 °. |
Jin zafi | Kimanin 40%, a lokacin bazara kowane kwanaki 2-3 ana shuka tsiron. |
Haske | Haske amma ya kewaya, kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. |
Watse | Matsakaici, farfajiya tsakanin maɓallin ya kamata ya bushe. |
Kasar | M, gina jiki-m substrate tare da dan kadan acid dauki. |
Taki da taki | A lokacin da girma m, takin musamman domin succulents. |
Hathior dashi | Yayinda yake girma, a matsakaita sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3. |
Kiwo | Shuka tsaba da iri. |
Siffofin Girma | A lokacin rani, yana da amfani don fitar da iska mai kyau. |
Kula da Hatio a gida. Daki-daki
Kulawar gida cikin sauki ce. Ko da ma farkon mai shuki zai shawo kan abin da yake samu.
Gudun ruwa
Gidan yarin hatiora daga Disamba zuwa Maris. A ƙarshen harbe, manyan furanni masu launin rawaya ko ruwan hoda suna bayyana. Buds an dage farawa kawai a kan ƙarami apical areoles. Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin fararen fari ko rawaya suna ɗaure. Bayan ripening, ana iya amfani da tsaba daga gare su don shuka.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin bazara, ana kiyaye yawan succulent a zazzabi na ɗakin talakawa, idan ya cancanta, yana sauƙaƙe ƙarar zazzabi zuwa + 30 °. Ya zuwa tsakiyar kaka, ana ba da tsire tare da yanayin sanyi. Don yin wannan, zaku iya barin succulent a kan loggia glazed ko baranda.
A cikin hunturu, ana sa shi a + 15 °. A irin wannan yanayi, yakanyi yawo sosai.
Fesa
Furen mai haila ya dace da yanayin dakin, ba tare da buƙatar feshin yau da kullun ba. Ana fesawa ne kawai game da tsawan lokacin bazara ko kuma idan zazzabi da abun bazara ya wuce + 15 °. Ruwan da ake amfani da shi dole ya zama mai taushi da ɗumi.
Haske
Windows mai fuskantar kudu masu kyau sun fi dacewa. A lokacin rani, dole ne a kiyaye shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
A cikin hunturu, tare da rashin haske, ana bada shawara don haskaka shuka.
Watse
A lokacin rani, ana shayar da kowane kwanaki 2-3, yayin da saman ƙasan ƙasa tsakanin maɓallin ya kamata ya bushe kaɗan. A cikin hunturu, lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai sanyaya, shayarwa a cikin makonni 2 zai isa.
Wiwi
Za'a iya yin shuka cikin gidan cikin filastik da tukwane na yumbu. Babban abu shine cewa suna da ramuka na magudanar ruwa, tunda koda kalma guda ɗaya na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Kasar
Don namo hatiora, ana buƙatar danshi mai amfani, danshi mai sauƙin filashi tare da ɗan ɗanɗano acidic. Ya ƙunshi daidai sassan fasar turf, humus da yashi. Idan babu yiwuwar shirye-shiryen kai, zaka iya amfani da ƙarshen cakuda manufar duniya.
Taki da taki
A lokacin lokacin girma daga Maris zuwa Satumba, suna ciyar da takin gargajiya don cacti ko succulents. An gabatar da shi a cikin tsaka-tsakin sau 1-2 a wata. Tare da farkon fure, ana ciyar da shuka kowane mako 2 tare da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na potassium.
Juyawa
Juyawa abokan gaba da za'ayi kowace shekara 2-3 a cikin bazara. An dasa tsire-tsire cikin tsari zuwa cikin akwati mai cike da ruwa. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a runtse lalacewar da ke cikin ƙurar mahaifa, tunda sabon tsarin tushen yana gina lokaci mai tsawo.
Yadda za'a shuka amfanin gona?
Mai haila baya buƙatar pruning na musamman ko gyaran fuska. Fragwanƙwasawarsa mai saurin lalacewa an riga an karye ta. Sabili da haka, lokacin aiki tare da shuka, ya kamata a kula.
Lokacin hutawa
Babu lokacin hutawa. A cikin hunturu, shi blooms, yayin da ci gaba da ci gaba sosai. Don lokacin hunturu mafi kwanciyar hankali, inji yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai sanyi.
Girma hatiora tsaba
Hanyar iri iri na haifuwa a cikin gida ba a amfani da ita sosai. Shuka tsaba shine galibi ana amfani dashi don dalilai na kiwo. An yi bayanin wannan ta wani zamani mai zurfi. Yana ɗaukar shekaru 3-4 don tsire-tsire don zama cikakkiyar garkuwa, tsararren tsire-tsire.
Idan ya cancanta, ana shuka tsaba a sama a cikin sako-sako, danshi-mai maye gurbin ƙasa. Don ƙirƙirar ƙara zafi, rufe kwalin da wani gilashi. Bayan fitowan, an cire shi nan da nan.
Da zaran 'ya'yan itacen suka kai tsayin 2-3 cm, sai a hankali a nutsar da su cikin kwantena daban. Kula da su yayi kama da kula da tsirrai.
Farfagandar Hatoria da harbe
Hachioru mafi yawan lokuta ana yadu dashi ta hanyar itace. Ana iya girbe yankan duk shekara. Don dasa su, an shirya ƙasa mai kwance, wadda ta yi daidai da sassan humus da yashi mai tsabta. Kafin dasawa, dole ne a bushe ganyen don kwanaki 3-5. Lokacin dasawa, ana binne su ba fiye da 1-1.5 cm ba.
Rufe su da tsare ba da shawarar ba. A cikin yanayin zafi high, da cuttings lalata sosai da sauri. Lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa don tushen, zai ɗauki kimanin wata ɗaya. Bayan haɓaka tsarin tushen, ƙwayayen za su fara girma da sauri.
Rooting cuttings za a iya za'ayi a ruwa. Don yin wannan, suna ma pre-bushe. Za'a iya bayanin bukatar bushewa sosai. Kamar kowane succulents a cikin harbe, akwai babban yawan wadata da danshi da abinci mai gina jiki. Har shuka ta yi amfani da dukkan albarkatun ta, ba ta bukatar ta samar da tushen tushe. Amma tare da rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, tonon zai zama dole ya saki tushen domin ya rayu.
Lokacin yin tushe cikin ruwa don hana lalata, an sanya ƙaramin gawayi a cikin akwati. Bayan haɓakar asalin farko, ana shuka tsiron nan da nan a cikin cakuda ƙasa don tsire-tsire na manya. Kasantuwarsu a cikin ruwa ba a ke so ba. Sun saba da yanayin yanayin ruwa, sun fi wahalar daidaitawa ga yanayin girma na al'ada.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da kurakurai a cikin yanayin abun ciki na mai sihiri, yana iya fama da matsaloli da yawa:
- Buds suna fadowa. Ana lura da faɗuwar furanni da furanni yayin motsi da shuka. A lokacin fure, bai kamata a sake shirya mai sarrafa kansa ko juya shi ba. Hakanan za'a iya lura da matsalar tare da bambance-bambancen zazzabi da mahimmin daddawa.
- Hatiora ba ya yin fure. Dalilin na iya kwanciya a cikin rashin batura. Domin shuka ya sami karfin ta sanya lemuka na shekara mai zuwa, dole ne a canza shi zuwa ƙasa mai kyau kuma ya kamata a shafa kayan miya da aka ba da shawarar a lokacin bazara.
- Alama da bushewa ganye. Itace bata da danshi sakamakon rashin ruwa ko kuma ta sha wahala daga bushewar iska. Don gyara halin, ya zama dole don daidaita yanayin tsarewa.
- Haske. Shuka ta karbi kunar rana a jiki. A lokacin rani, lokacin da aka sanya taga a kudu, hatorio dole ne ya girgiza.
- Hatiora a hankali girma. Idan babu riguna masu kyau na zamani, inji yakan fara rasa abubuwan gina jiki na yau da kullun. A sakamakon haka, an hana ci gabanta.
- Tushen rot. Matsalar tana faruwa ne tare da yawan wuce gona da iri yayin rashin magudanar ruwa. Don adana shuka, ya wajaba don yin natsuwa a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. A nan gaba, ya zama dole don tsayar da shawarar halayen ban ruwa.
Daga cikin kwari da aka samo: mealybug da gizo-gizo mite.
Nau'in gidaje tare da hotuna da sunaye
A cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan masu zuwa:
Hatiora Hermina (Hatiora herminiae)
Duba tare da manyan furanni na launi rasberi. A sassan da mai tushe ne ganga-dimbin yawa. Godiya ga tsayin dakarsa, tsararrakin ya dace da namo kiwo.
Hatiora salicornioide (Hatiora salicornioide)
Mafi yawan nau'ikan. Tsire-tsire suna da siffa na daji, tsayin 40-50 cm. Harbe-girke mai gudana tare da kafaffen layi, ya kunshi bangarori da yawa na nau'ikan kulab. Furanni masu ƙananan, ƙararrawa-mai siffa, rawaya.
Hatiora Gartner (Hatiora gaerneri)
Halin harbe da nau'in furanni suna da alaƙa da Schlumberger. The mai tushe kunshi falo yanki da embossed gefuna. Furanni masu haske masu launin ja sun kai girman 5 cm.
Hatiora ruwan hoda (Hatiora rosea)
Harbe da koren launi mai cikakken tare da halayyar ja mai gogewa. Siffar bangarorin suna cylindrical tare da fuskoki ingantattu. Ana daraja jinsunan don manyan furanni masu launi mai ruwan hoda mai kama da laushi mai kama da juna.
Yanzu karatu:
- Epiphyllum - kulawa ta gida, nau'in hoto, haifuwa
- Sansevieria
- Brugmansia - girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto
- Neman cikin dare - kulawar gida, nau'in hoto da iri
- Cymbidium - kulawar gida, nau'in hoto, dasawa da haifuwa