Gentian (Gentiana) - shuke-shuke da yawa, da dama, suna daukan launi da manyan furanni. Yawancin mutanen kirki zasu iya mamaki har ma masu lambu. Gentian wani rukuni ne na tsirrai na shekara-shekara da tsire-tsire na iyalin mutanen ƙasar. Kimanin nau'in 400 na wannan shuka suna sanannun duniya. Kasashen gida na yawancin jinsin shine Asiya. Gentian ne na kowa a kan dukkanin cibiyoyin banda Antarctica da Afrika. Fiye da 90 na jinsuna suna amfani da su a al'ada. A cikin wannan labarin za ku koyi game da mafi yawan 'yan kabilar gentiya da kuma su cikakken bayani.
Yanayin jinsi na jinsin
Kwayar jinsin na gentian ita ce tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi kyawun wakilai su ne 'yar'uwa' yar kasa da kuma gentian. Duk da haka, ɗan shekara guda a cikin aikin lambu yana da wuya.
Bearded
Bearded Gentian ita ce shuka ta herbaceous ta shekara. Tsarin tsayi, 6-60 cm tsayi, tare da ƙananan yanayi wanda ke kama da gemu. Babban furanni "bluebells" blue-violet. Tsire-tsire a cikin Yuli - Agusta. Yana girma a cikin itatuwan noma, gandun daji, wetlands.
Ana amfani da sassan jikin daji (ganye da furanni) a maganin gargajiya na Tibet. Ana amfani da maganin warkaswa don ƙin ciwon hanta, yalwata, don maganin cututtuka na biliary, rikitarwa na ciwon huhu, ƙananan rashin ƙarfi, cututtuka na gastrointestinal tract, da kuma cututtuka daban-daban.
Furen furen Bearded ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan kayan aikin magani, da ake amfani dashi akan tari da zafin, atherosclerosis, cututtuka na mummunan tsarin, tachycardia, ciwon huhu, cututtuka na rheumatic, gout. An tabbatar da tasiri na kayan ado ko cirewar bushe na gishiri a cikin ƙwayar hanta mai haɗari.
Splayed
Splayed gentian girma har zuwa 15 cm, yana da basal rosette na ganye, da kuma daya ko biyu nau'i-nau'i na ganye a kan tushe. Wannan shuki na shekara-shekara na Yuni zuwa Satumba, amma wani lokaci furanni a kan bishiyoyi sun ci gaba har zuwa karshen Nuwamba. Tsaba germinate a spring ko kaka. Har ila yau, sassan suna iya dormant na shekaru da yawa. Jama'ar Splayed ta karu ne a yankunan karkarar arewaci da arewa maso yammacin Turai. A cikin yanayin hawan gine-gine na sauran yankuna, wannan nau'in na gentian yana da sauki kuma yana da wuya. Gentian splayed - daya daga cikin fifiko masu jinsin a cikin tsarin na "Action Action don kiyayewa na bambancin halittu a Birtaniya".
Kwayoyin gargajiya na gentian
Kayan dabbobi masu yawa na gentian - daya daga cikin albarkatu na amfanin gona na asali. Very Hardy da kuma gaba daya hunturu-Hardy, Saboda haka ne mafi wuya a cikin lambu zane. Mafi yawan wakilan furanni na furanni sune tsuntsaye mai laushi, Dahurian, yellow, Chinese ƙawata, Koch, klyus, manyan-leaved, manyan-flowered, lush, ternifolia, uku-flowered, kunkuntar-leaved, m da sauransu.
Kwangoci na kasar Sin yana da tarihin amfani dasu a cikin al'adun Asiya da na Yamma. A Yammacin, mutun na launin rawaya yana da magani, yayin da koha, spring, da sauransu suna amfani da su a cikin noma. A akasin wannan, a maganin gargajiya a Asiya (China), wasu nau'ikan 'yan kabilar Gentle suna da mashahuri: manyan masu lafazi da m.
Spring
Fashin Spring Gentian shi ne mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin dukan jinsuna: tsawon shine kawai ƙananan centimeters. Wannan na'urar ba ta girma fiye da 3 cm ba. Duk da haka, injin yana ragewa saboda wannan rashin launin furanni mai haske da launin launi mai zurfi. A cikin yanayin spring gentian, lokacin da tsire-tsire na shuka ya faru a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin rani (Mayu-Yuni).
Spring gentian na kowa a tsakiyar Turai. Yanayin yanayi shi ne ƙirar dutse, yana tsiro ne a kan itatuwan alpine mai suna, mai kyau ga wuri mai faɗi. A madadin, zaku iya gwada wannan shuka a lambunku ko tsakar gida. Kasar gona kafin dasa shuki ya kamata ya zama mai tsabta, tsabtace shi da wadatar da humus. Shuka spring gentian zai fi dacewa a m inuwa, amma zai iya zama tare da cikakken rana. A wuraren da zafi ya bushe da bushe, inji zai buƙatar kariya daga rana.
Shin kuna sani? Shekaru da yawa, ana ganin wani mutumin kirki kamar shuka mai sihiri ne. A cewar wani labari na d ¯ a, idan mutum ya kawo ruwa mai suna Gentian cikin gidansa, yana da hadarin walƙiya.
Daurskaya
Tsayin daman na Dahurian gentian shine 15 -30 cm.Hannun furanni masu launin shuɗi suna bude a watan Agusta. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan yanayin: wuraren hamadar daji, kogi, wuraren yashi da bushe-bushe. Yanki na musamman: Gabashin Asiya (Mongoliya, Sin). Yayin da suke girma, mai tushe ya fada ƙasa, yana samar da fili mai haske. Lokacin da girma a tsakanin sauran tsire-tsire, al'ummar ƙasar Dahuri ta kara girma. A cikin yankuna sanyi, wannan abin farin ciki shine kyawawa don yayi girma a rana - shuka zai ji daɗi fiye da inuwa mai duhu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Daur gentian shi ne hardy kuma yana da kyau hunturu hardiness. Saboda haka, eIdan ka dasa wata al'umma a karo na farko, ka zabi zabi na wannan jinsin.
Yellow
Yellow gentian yana da girma, mai tsayi, ciyawa mai kyau. An kuma kira wannan shuka mai girma gentian ko gentian magani. Zuwan rai zai iya kai shekaru 50, amma farkon furanni zai jira kimanin shekaru goma. RGirman launin rawaya ya kai 1.50 m.
An ganyayyaki ganyayyaki kuma suna kintar da tushe na shuka. Ƙananan furanni masu launin furanni sun taru a gindin ganye. Lokacin shudarawa: Yuni-Agusta. Girman alumni sun girbe daga May zuwa Oktoba. A halin yanzu, tsire-tsire yana rayuwa a kan wasu tsaunukan Turai: Southern Europe, Alps. Za'a iya samun Grass a tsawon mita 2500 a saman matakin teku.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin girbi, rawaya na gentin ya kamata ya yi hankali: wannan ganye mai magani zai iya rikicewa farin hellebore - sosai guba shuka. Kuna iya gane su ta hanyar tsarin ganye: ganye na gentian girma a nau'i-nau'i a tushe na tushe, kuma Hellebore ganye kullum girma cikin uku da kuma m.
Ana amfani da wannan magani ta hanyar gargajiya a cikin wasu cututtuka masu narkewa. Yellow Gentian yana tayar da ci, yana fama da zawo, ana amfani dashi a matsayin maganin antiseptic, kuma yana da cikakkiyar tonic (sauya gajiya). Ana amfani da shuka a cikin nauyin shayi. Rhizomes da asalinsu ana amfani dashi a magani na ganye.
An yi wa kasar Sin ado
Wannan tsibirin furen yana ci gaba a kasar Sin, yawanci a yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar. Girbi faruwa a cikin fall. Flowers gentian tan launi. Tushen ne m. Ciyawa yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da kuma dandano masu zafi.
Yawancin mutanen kasar Sin suna da alamar amfani da cututtuka masu zuwa: tare da cututtuka na fata, tare da ciwon makogwaro, cututtuka na fata, cutar Bishara (jaundice), cututtuka na hanta da kuma magunguna, tare da ciwon kai da kuma dizziness, da kuma antidepressant. Yawancin mutanen kabilar Kannada na kasar Sin suna amfani da su ne a matsayin kayan ado ko tincture. Ana daukar broth a bakin ko waje.
Koch
Koch (stemless gentian) wani nau'i ne mai kyau na kasar Sin. Bambancin wannan jinsin shine cewa shuka ba shi da tushe kuma yana kusa da ƙasa. Ganye yana da ƙananan (kawai 5-10 cm a tsawo). Ganye sun taru a cikin roton. A gefen takardar ne mai santsi. Filaye guda ɗaya suna da launin shuɗi. Koch flower yana da hali don rufe a cikin ruwan sama.
Gidan yana na kowa a cikin duwatsu na Turai (a cikin Alps). Lokacin flowering yana daga May zuwa Agusta (dangane da wurin). Irin wannan nau'i na gentian an classified shi ne mai shuka ornamental. Gina da tsaba da kuma vegetatively. Photophilous
Klusi
Gentian Klushi - wani tsirrai da ganye da manyan furanni da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, a waje da kamannin koha gentian. Height ne 8-10 cm. An rarraba a Turai (a dutsen Pyrenees, a Alps, da Apennines da Carpathians). Kasashen da aka fi so shine limestone da dutsen duwatsu. Za a iya shuka tsaba a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma yafi kyau a yi haka a cikin hunturu ko farkon lokacin bazara don amfanin daga lokacin sanyi. Amfanin sune takin gargajiya. Saboda haka, muna bayar da shawarar rufewa da tsaba tare da yatsun yashi.
Shin kuna sani? Gentian Klussi an kira shi ne bayan Carl Clusius (Charles de Lecluise) - daya daga cikin manyan magunguna na Turai a cikin karni na XVI.
Babban ganye
Gentian mai girma ne mai tsayi, mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tsiro a yankunan dutse na tsakiya da kudancin Turai. Wannan furen yana da tsayi mai mahimmanci guda daya, da kuma manyan ganye. Launi mai launi shine bluish-kore. A shuka girma zuwa 140 cm.
A farkon lokacin kaka, tushen gine-ginen da aka yi wa manya-manyan shi ne aka fitar da shi. Tushen ruwan kwari yana da cutar antibacterial da anti-inflammatory. Don dalilai na likita yar kabilar Manya da aka yi amfani da su Matsaloli masu narkewa kamar asarar ci da flatulence (bloating). Bugu da kari, ana amfani da injin general tonic da firming wakili.
Large-flowered
Gentian babban-flowered - m kyau ganye. Furanni na wannan jinsin sun fi girma fiye da shuka kanta. Farennial tsawo - 4-5 cm.Mai tushe. Kullun yana da kararrawa, mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Lokaci na zamani yana cikin watan Yuni-Agusta. Manyan ƙasa mafi yawa a tsakiyar Asiya. Za a iya samun shuka a kan tsaunukan tsaunuka da magunguna. A cikin likitancin Tibet ana amfani dasu don cututtukan cututtuka da cututtuka, da tonic.
Lush
Fasaha Gentian - daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙancin jinsunan iyali na gentian; Tsaran tsire-tsire ba fiye da bakwai centimeters ba. Bar ƙananan kuma awl-dimbin yawa. Furen suna da asali, babba, mai launin fuka mai launin fata, mai launin shudi, fari a gindin. Wannan jinsin kuma za'a iya bambanta ta wurin darkening a tsakiyar ƙumshir fata. Yana faruwa a itatuwan alpine mai tsayi a tsawon mita 3200-4500 sama da matakin teku. Yawon shakatawa a kasar Sin (Yunnan, Lijiang City). Gyaran kirki masu kyau a cikin lokaci daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
Ternifolia
Ternifolia - herbaceous perennial, in mun gwada da m iri-iri tare da kodadde furen furanni. Farennial tsawo 4-10 cm. Tsayi hawa, mai sauƙi. Risette mai laushi na ganye an ci gaba da talauci; leaf launi triangular, m. Launi mai launi mai launin fata. Fure-fure wacce ba ta da kyau. Hakanan yana da haske mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsi mai launin bakin teku, mai siffar tubular-bell, mai siffar naman, 4-6 cm a tsawo.
Lokaci na kakar yana cikin kaka. Tsarin ya fito ne daga yankunan dutsen Asiya. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da yadu a kasar Sin. Ana shuka tsaba na wannan mutumin kiriana yana bada shawara a cikin cikakke rana a cikin ƙasa mai guba mai yawa da danshi.
Three-flowered
Gentian mai sau uku mai tsayi ne, flowering, perennial shuka. Tsawancin irin wannan zai iya isa 120 cm. Gidan mazaunin wurare ne, musamman a hanyoyi. Kasashen waje sun rarraba a cikin gandun daji na Asiya (Sin, Mongoliya, Koriya, Japan). Gudun tsire-tsire daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba. A lokacin noma, 'yan gentin uku suna buƙatar ruwan sanyi, mai tsabta. Hasken ya kamata ya zama mai tsanani kamar yadda zai yiwu, yawan zafin jiki ba shi da tsayi, yanayin zafi yana da kadan.
Three-flowered gentian na da antibacterial Properties. Tushen shuka yana dauke da cibiyoyin haɗari, waxanda suke da kyauccen tonic ga tsarin narkewa. Tushen kuma ana amfani dashi wajen lura da jaundice, eczema, conjunctivitis, ciwon makogwaro. Girman alumni sun girbe a cikin fall kuma sun bushe don amfani dasu. Kafin amfani da wannan shuka don dalilai na magani, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi mai sana'a.
An yi nisa
Mafi yawan 'yan kabilar Gentle da aka fi sani da shi ne mafi girma. Ta ji mai girma a cikin lambun lambu. Don jin daɗin baƙi zuwa gonar, tsire-tsire ta yi girma tare da "karrarawa" mai zurfi. Lokaci na gudana: Mayu, Yuni. Shuka tsawo - 8-10 cm. Yawancin lokaci, irin wannan gentian yayi babban matsakaici. Shuka dan kabilar Gentian mai kunkuntar ya kamata ya kasance a cikin rana ko a cikin inuwa. Ƙasar da za a yi girma a cikin girma ya zama acidic.
Rough
Gentian m, wanda ake kira Koreanian or Japanese gentian, wani nau'i ne na musamman na iyalin iyalin gentian. An shuka shi a mafi yawan Amurka da kuma Asiya ta Arewa (Japan). Gwanowa mai kyau a cikin tsakiyar lokacin rani. Ganye yana da ƙari ko žasa mai tsayi, 30 cm a tsawo. Ganyayyaki suna da kyau tare da gefuna. Kowane ɓangaren ganye yana rufe murfin a tushe. Calyx tubular, elongated. A furanni ne blue ko duhu blue. Tushen mai amfani da mummunan mutum na amfani da shi a likitan gargajiya na Japan a matsayin tonic. Bugu da ƙari, ana bi da su da wasu cututtuka da ke hade da hanta.
Flowering gentian - daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da aka yi amfani da su a cikin noma. Bayan samun nau'o'in 'yan kabilar gentian daban-daban, zaka iya tara tarin ban mamaki wanda zai yi fure daga spring zuwa kaka a lambun ka.
