Ƙasa

Yanayi na amfani da peat a matsayin taki

Bugu da ƙari, lambu suna so su yi amfani da takin gargajiya a matsayin abinci. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne peat. Duk da haka, ka sani cewa ba dace da duk kasa. Haka ne, kuma amfani da wannan taki dole ne ya kasance mai hikima, don kada ya cutar da tsire-tsire ko ƙasa.

Game da abin da yake peat, yadda ya faru da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da ita yadda ya kamata a cikin nau'in taki a cikin gonar gonar, karanta a cikin sassan da ke gaba.

Shin kuna sani? Peat ya sami aikace-aikacen fadi a wasu fannoni. An yi amfani dashi a matsayin man fetur a cikin kayan aikin jama'a, a matsayin kayan aikin zafi a cikin gine-gine, a matsayin taki a aikin noma, albarkatun kasa a masana'antun sinadarai, kwanciya a cikin lambun dabbobi. Ana amfani da kaddarorin masu amfani da peat a magani.

Ta yaya aka kafa peat a yanayi, nau'in peat

Peat - Yana da ma'adinai na asali na asali na asali. Yana wakiltar babban taro mai launin baki ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na bazu a cikin marshes na sharan gona da aka haxa da ƙasa.

A wannan yanayin, ƙananan zafi da kuma rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen sun hana ƙarancin lalacewar shuke-shuke. Akwai ra'ayi cewa peat shine mataki na farko na fararen gine-gine.

A matsayin burbushin halittu, an kafa peat a kan kwalliyar peat, a cikin kwari na kogi, a kan ruwa. Haɗuwa da shi akwai can faruwa a kan millennia. Yankin yana kwance a ƙasa ko karami (har zuwa 10 m) zurfin karkashin wani takarda na ma'adinai.

Shin kuna sani? Masana kimiyya sunyi kiyasin cewa kundin duniya yana adadin kujeru 250 zuwa 500. Peatlands sun kasance kashi 3% na ƙasar.
Dangane da yanayin girma da kuma tsinkayen tsire-tsire waɗanda suke samar da wannan abu na halitta, an raba peat zuwa nau'i uku:

  • doki;
  • lowland;
  • sauyawa.
Bisa mahimmanci, sunan nau'in peat yana nuna matsayinsa a cikin taimako. Bari mu taƙaita batun halayen kowanensu.

Game da babban peat Masana kimiyya sunce wannan ma'adinai ne, wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 95 cikin 100 na ragowar tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, mafi yawan pine pine, larch, ciyawa auduga, marsh sedge, da dai sauransu.

An kafa shi a wurare masu tasowa - gangara, ruwa, da dai sauransu. Yana da wani abu na acid (pH = 3.5-4.5) da matsanancin mataki na bazuwar.

A cikin aikin noma An yi amfani da su ga takin gargajiya, gauraye kayan kwalliya, a matsayin ciyawa, wani matsayi na greenhouses.

Lowat peat ya ƙunshi kashi 95 cikin 100 na bazuwar ƙwayoyin marasa tsirrai. Spruce, alder, Birch, Willow, Fern, Reed, da dai sauransu suna da yawa a cikin kullun kafa irin wannan nau'in. An kafa shi a cikin ravines da ruwa na ruwa.

Lowat peat yana da tsaka tsaki ko rashin ƙarfi acid (pH = 5.5-7.0), godiya ga wanda aka yi amfani dashi wajen rage acidity na ƙasa. Yana da mafi muhimmanci kuma mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai (ya ƙunshi har zuwa 3% nitrogen, har zuwa 1% phosphorus). Daga dukkan nau'o'in, mafi yawan gina jiki da na kowa a cikin aikace-aikacen.

Nau'in fassara Ya ƙunshi kashi 10-90% na tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na iri na sama, sauran ya hada da tsire-tsire na nau'i na ƙasa.

An tsara shi a cikin siffofin gaggawa. Yana da wani abu mai sauƙin acid (pH = 4.5-5.5).

An yi amfani da peat juyin juya halin da kuma lowland peat a matsayin taki don lambun kayan lambu, domin yana kawo kyakkyawan amfani ga ƙasa.

Kowace iri, a gefe guda, an raba shi cikin sassa uku, yana nuna ƙaddamar da tsire-tsire wanda aka kafa wannan peat. Wadannan subtypes suna bambanta:

  • makiyaya;
  • gandun daji;
  • swampy.
An kuma raba raguwa cikin kungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna rukuni na ciyayi wanda aka kafa shi. A kowane nau'i na peat akwai ƙungiyoyi shida:

  • woody (yana dauke da akalla 40% sharan gona);
  • bishiyoyi na itace (yana dauke da 15-35% na sharan gona, wasu - herbaceous predominate);
  • gwanin bishiyoyi (yana dauke da 13-35% na sharan gona, wasu - ganga-mamaye);
  • ciyawa (ya ƙunshi kasa da kashi 10 cikin dari na sharan gona, har zuwa 30% na masallatai, wasu sunadaran ciyawa);
  • ƙwayoyin ciyawa (wanda ya hada da: sharan gona - 10%, masallatai - 35-65%, ciyayi ciyayi);
  • Moss (yana da kashi 10% na sharan gona, 70% na ganga).

A cikin noma, an raba peat zuwa kashi biyu:

  • haske (haske);
  • nauyi (duhu).

Halaye na peat, kayan ma'adinai

Don magance yanayin peat, la'akari da abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin wannan burbushin. Saboda haka, peat kunshi:

  • humus (wani ɓangaren samfurori na samfurori);
  • ma'adanai;
  • ruwa.
Yanayin Lowland yana da abun da ke gudana:

  • carbon - 40-60%;
  • hydrogen - 5%;
  • oxygen - 2-3%;
  • sulfur, phosphorus, potassium - a cikin ƙarami.
Shin kuna sani? Wasu mutane suna da wata tambaya: "Shin an yi ma'adinai ko a'a?". Ya kamata a yi la'akari da dutsen mai laushi.
Saboda yawancin carbon carbon, ƙananan zafi na konewa na peat shi ne na 21-25 MJ / kg, wanda zai iya haɓaka da bazuwar da abun ciki na bitumen.

Bayyanar, tsari da kaddarorin wannan juyin halitta na halitta kamar yadda matakai na canzawa bazuwar. Saboda haka, launi yana canzawa daga rawaya mai launin rawaya zuwa baki. Bambanci daga mataki na bazuwar zai kasance tsarin - fiber ko amorphous, da porosity.

Mafi girman mawuyacin ƙwayar peat, ƙananan zai ƙunshi abubuwa masu ruwa da sassauka da sauƙi, kuma mafi girma zai kasance abun ciki na acid humic da sauran wadanda basu da hydrolyzed.

Shin kuna sani? Game da kaddarorin da aka sani tun daga zamanin d ¯ a. Da farko an ambaci shi a cikin rubuce-rubucen masanin Roma mai suna Pliny Elder, wanda aka kwatanta da 77 AD. Akwai tushen da ya nuna cewa ana amfani da peat a cikin XII-XIII karni a Scotland da Holland. A Rasha, nazarin burbushin ya fara ne a karni na 17.
Babban abu na peat shi ne tara jari da samfurori na photosynthesis.

Sanya shi a cikin ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen inganta layinta da breathability, rashin ƙarfi, microbiological da sinadaran abun da ke ciki.

Bugu da ƙari, peat zai iya warkar da ƙasa, rage yawan nitrates a ciki, ya raunana sakamakon kwayar cutar magunguna. Saboda abun ciki na humic da amino acid, yana inganta ci gaban shuka da ci gaba. Wadannan kaya zasu iya bayanin dalilin da ya sa peat yana da amfani ga gonar.

Kwancin peat an kiyasta dangane da matakan nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. An kuma kiyasta shi bisa ga ma'auni kamar yadda ash, zafi, darajar calorific, digiri na bazuwar.

Yadda ake amfani da peat a matsayin taki

Yin amfani da lowland da peat transitional a dacha a matsayin taki zai iya inganta kayan aikin physiological na kasar gona, sa shi more iska-da kuma danshi-permeable. Har ila yau, peat yana da tasiri mai amfani akan ci gaba da tushen tsarin shuke-shuke.

Zai fi dacewa don amfani da shi a kan yashi da yumbu. Don ciyar da taki akan yanayin ƙasa mai kyau tare da matakin humus na kashi 4-5 cikin dari. Amma yana da daraja a yi amfani da loam, tambaya mai mahimmanci, tattaunawar game da wannan batu yana ci gaba.

Tun lokacin da kullun zai iya haifar da acidification daga ƙasa, ba a yi amfani dashi a matsayin taki ba, An yi amfani dashi kawai domin cinyewar ƙasa. Duk da haka, yana da daraja yin ajiyar cewa akwai tsire-tsire masu yawa wadanda suke buƙatar cikakken acidic ko dan kadan acidic a yayin dasa. Wadannan sun hada da blueberries, heather, rhododendron, hydrangea. Irin wannan tsire-tsire sunyi da kuma ciyawa tare da nau'in peat.

Don sakamakon sakamako na cin nama ya zama iyakar, dole ne a yi amfani da peat, wanda yana da digiri na nakasa na akalla 30-40%. Har ila yau, lokacin da shiga cikin ƙasa yana buƙatar kulawa da waɗannan muhimman mahimman bayanai:

  • lowat peat kafin amfani ne batun samun iska da nika;
  • miya kayan kada a overdried (ganiya zafi - 50-70%).
Yin amfani da iska yana da muhimmanci don rage yawan yawan guba na peat. Don yin wannan, an sanya shi a cikin tara kuma an ajiye shi cikin iska don kwanaki da yawa, ko mafi alheri, watanni biyu ko uku. A lokaci guda heaps yana buƙatar yin felu lokaci-lokaci.

Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin noma da kuma noma, an yi amfani da peat a jikinsa mai tsabta ba'a amfani dasu ba, ana amfani dashi don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin gauraye da wasu kayan aiki na ma'adanai da ma'adinai ko cikin takin. Kyakkyawan aikace-aikace na iya zama da damuwa don shuka albarkatu da cutarwa ga ƙasa.
Domin kada ku cutar da rigunan gyare-gyaren da ba daidai ba, ku farko kuna bukatar sanin peat bazuwar kudi. Akwai hanyar da za ta gane shi da sauri.

Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar ka ɗauki kima na peat, danna a hannunka, sannan ka riƙe takarda takarda.

Idan mai rauni alama ya kasance ko ba a gani a kowane lokaci, mataki na bazuwar ba fiye da 10% ba.

Hanyar launin rawaya, launin toka mai haske ko launin ruwan launi mai haske ya nuna game da kashi 10-20 bisa bazuwar.

Brown, launin toka-launin toka-launin ruwan kasa yana nuna cewa peat yana da kwayar halitta ta bazu ta 20-35%.

Tare da matsayi mafi girma na bazuwar - 35-50% - peat yana takarda takarda a cikin launin toka mai launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko launin baki, yayin da smear zai zama santsi. Har ila yau zai shafe hannunka.

Idan peat ya ƙunshi abubuwa da suka ragu da 50% ko fiye, za'a zana wajan a cikin launin duhu.

Amfani da peat a kan mãkirci na gonar yana yiwuwa tare da:

  • aikace-aikacen ƙasa don bunkasa abun da ke ciki;
  • shirye-shirye na substrat don dasa shuki;
  • a matsayin kayan abinci mai mahimmanci don shiri na takin mai magani;
  • a matsayin ciyawa don tsari na tsire-tsire kafin lokacin hunturu;
  • don yin kullun peat don seedlings, ƙarfafa shinge, tsari na lawn.
Ana amfani da ita a cikin haɗuwa tare da humus, turf ƙasa, da sauran kayan.

Babban dalilin, dalilin da ya sa kake buƙatar yin peat, shine don inganta kaddarorin ƙasa. Don cimma shi, peat a kowane lokaci taimakawa 2-3 buckets da 1 square mita. Wannan zai isa ya ƙara yawan kwayoyin halitta mai amfani da kashi 1%. Za a iya yin gyare-gyare irin wannan a kowace shekara, a hankali kawo matakin ƙwayar ƙasa zuwa ga mafi kyau.

A lokacin da ake yin amfani da mulching a matsayin mai tsabta mai kyau, da kuma hadawa da shi tare da sawdust, pine needles, haushi, bambaro, taki.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin mulching, rage acidity na peat ta ƙara itace ash, lemun tsami ko dolomite gari.
Duk da haka, yana da amfani sosai wajen amfani da peat a matsayin taki a cikin takin.

Peat takin: yadda za a yi da yadda za a takin tsire-tsire

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin takin daga peat.

Peat takin. Rawan daji mai laushi 70% sa Layer na 45 cm karkashin rufi ko fim. Suna sanyawa a ciki inda ake zubar da dabba, yayyafa su tare da koshin don su kasancewa gaba ɗaya. A kowane gefe, an gina takin tare da ƙasa don ƙirƙirar microclimate na musamman. Lokacin da aka bushe kayan takin, an shayar da ita. Zai dace da amfani bayan shekara guda. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi a cikin bazara. Amfani - 2-3 kg / 1 square. m

Takin daga peat da taki. Don shiri na wannan taki zai dace da kowane taki: doki, kaji, saniya. Manufar ita ce ta sa takarda na peat (50 cm) da kuma Layer na taki a bi da bi. Tsayin alamar alamar bai kamata ya wuce mita 1.5 ba. Ana amfani da peat azaman saman layi. Da zarar kowane watanni 1.5-2, ya kamata a haxa takin, ya canza layi a wurare.

Har ila yau, ya kamata ku sha ruwan inabi na infusions, wani bayani mai ruwa na potash taki, slurry.

Takin daga peat, taki, sawdust. Wannan girke-girke zai gaya maka yadda za a sami kayan da aka yi ta kai tsaye bisa ga peat. An shirya kamar cake cake. An kwantar da takarda mai laushi, an sa kayan shafa tare da Layer na 10 cm, weeds, fi, da kuma abinci mai laushi 20 cm high, sa'an nan, idan akwai, an zuba 20-cm Layer na taki.

A Layer na peat an dage farawa a saman. Kullin duka bai kamata ya wuce mita 1.5 Daga bangarori ba an rufe shi da ƙasa. Yi takin gargajiya bayan shekaru 1-1.5. Duk wannan lokacin yana da muhimmanci don haxa shi, zuba shi da wani bayani na superphosphate, slurry. Yi spring a cikin kudi na 1-2 kg / 1 square. m

Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a kiyaye kaya takin daga hasken rana, gina katako don su. A cikin kaka ana rufe su da ganye.

Ana amfani da takin a cikin hanyar da aka shuka - an rarraba shi da felu a kusa da shafin ko yafa ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, sannan yayi digiri, aka gabatar a cikin rijiyoyin kafin dasa. Dole ne ku bi umarnin da aka ba da shawarar:

  • don digging - 30-40 kg / 1 square. m;
  • a cikin pristvolny da'irar, wani rami - a Layer 5-6 cm lokacin farin ciki.

Peat a matsayin taki: duk wadata da fursunoni

Mun dauki manyan halaye da kaddarorin peat da abin da ake amfani dasu. A cikin wannan sashe za mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimci yiwuwar yin amfani da wannan taki, kazalika da kwatanta kaddarorin masu amfani da wasu kwayoyin halitta.

Yin amfani da peat guda daya kawai kamar yadda taki ba zai iya samar da sakamakon da aka sa ran ba - yana da kyau a yi amfani da wasu nau'i na kayan ado a cikin nau'in kwayoyin halitta da ma'adanai.

A yau, lokacin da takin gargajiya suka bayyana a cikin damar da ake sayarwa don sayarwa, masu lambu da masu lambu suna da matsala mai wuya a zaɓar abin da aka fi dacewa don ba. Idan kana mamaki: peat ko humus - wanda shine mafi kyau, to sai mu lura cewa suna da kyau kuma basu da kwarewa ga juna a abubuwan da suke gina jiki. Duk da haka, peat zai buƙatar fiye da humus. Don haka, alal misali, a kan mãkirci na mita 10. Ina bukatar peat - 20 kg, humus - 70 kg.

Bugu da ƙari, kana bukatar ka fahimci abin da kake so ka yi amfani da takamaiman taki. Idan kasar gona ta matukar talauci, to sai ku fara buƙatar tsarin ta tare da taimakon peat, kuma daga bisani ya halarci haihuwa, yin humus. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da peat digging, da kuma rufe tare da Layer na humus a saman don sakamako mafi kyau.

Sau da yawa akwai damuwa a gaban masu mallakar ƙasa: peat ko ƙasa baƙar fata - wanda shine mafi alhẽri. Huge plus chernozem a cikin babban abun ciki na humus - ƙungiyar Organic, wanda ya zama dole domin girma shuka.

Duk da haka, wannan ƙasa fata ce mafi yawan kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari, wanda yana barazana ga girbin nan gaba.

Peat kuma ya ƙunshi humus a cikin wani adadi wani lokacin maimaita abin da ke cikin ƙasa maras nauyi. Idan an gauraye shi da yashi, perlite (vermiculite), humus, to wannan matsin zai zama ƙasa mai duhu a cikin dukiyarsa.

Yanzu ku san cikakken bayani game da peat, abin da yake don kuma yadda za a yi amfani da shi daidai. Idan ana nuna takin mai magani a ƙasa a yankinka, to, yi daidai da yadda ya kamata, don kauce wa sakamakon da ba daidai ba.