Dabbobin kiwo na iya kawo wa manomi sau biyu: nama da madara. Don samun naman da abincin kiwo, ya isa ya zabi irin da yake da kyau sosai a duka wurare. A yau zamu tattauna game da kostroma nau'in shanu.
Tarihin tarihin da bayanin
Nau'in yana da matashi, tarihinsa ba ya kai har shekara dari. Duk da haka, yawancin dabba yana ci gaba da girma a manyan gonaki da kuma kananan gonaki masu zaman kansu. 
Zaɓin zaɓi
Manufar masu shayarwa ita ce ta samar da kyan zuma mai laushi, wanda aka gina dukkanin jihar gona a yankin Kostroma. An dauki wadannan nau'o'in a matsayin iyaye:
- Babayevskaya;
- Miskas;
- Schwycka;
- Alguz.
Shin kuna sani? Cows mafi tsawo mafi girma - Texas Longhorns. Kowane ƙaho na balagagge zai iya zama tsawon mita biyu.
Hanyoyin waje
Kostroma shanu suna da kyau bayyanar:
- tsawo (balagagge mutane a bushe): kimanin 130 cm;
- matsakaicin nauyin: calves 800 kg, bijimai 1000 kg;
- jiki: kasusuwa ƙasusuwa da kuma ci gaba da tsoka taro;
- kai: elongated tare da kunkuntar goshin, a kan karfi dogon wuya;
- horns: symmetrical, kuma a tsaye a tsaye a gefen kunnuwan;
- idanu: babban, duhu launi;
- kirji: da kuma ci gaba, da kuma dewlap;
- baya: yanki, yana da layin layi tare da ƙananan ƙararraki a cikin yanki, yankin lumbar daidai ne;
- udiri: babban, convex, dimbin yawa kamar zurfin tasa;
- wata gabar jiki: Daidaita, tsawon tsayi ne ga jiki;
- kwat da wando: duk zaɓin shine launin ruwan kasa.
Alamar Ayyuka
Kostroma shanu suna da halaye masu yawan aiki:
- yawan amfanin mai madara - kimanin lita 5,000;
- madara mai inganci - fat abun ciki 3.9%, nau'in gina jiki 3.5%, sukari 5.1%;
- madara dandana mai dadi;
- nama - matsakaitan mai;
- nauyin kisa a shekarun shekarun - kimanin kilo 900;
- yawan amfanin nama - a matsakaita 65%, tare da cin abinci na musamman na 80%.
Kowace rana riba calves:
- har zuwa rabin shekara - 800-900 g;
- Watanni 6-12 - 750-800 g;
- har zuwa watanni 18 - 650-700 g.
Shin kuna sani? Launi na shanu na Scotland Galloway yayi kama da Kwanan cakulan Oreo. Daga tip na hanci da karamin karawa a baya da aljihunta, kuma daga tip daga cikin wutsiya zuwa lumbar, gashin gashi ne, kuma fararen fata yana tafiya tare da tsakiyar jiki, kamar dai an yi masa fentin da goga mai haske.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
Breed Amfanin:
- 'ya'yan da suka kasance masu tawali'u;
- karfi rigakafi;
- samun riba mai sauri;
- sauƙaƙe sau da yawa ga kowane yanayi;
- high yawan aiki.
Abubuwa mara kyau:
- babban farashin kaya;
- yiwu allergies zuwa wasu kayayyakin;
- Ana yin amfani da shanu don yin aiki ta hanyar sa'a, idan ba'a bi jadawali ba, ƙwayar madara zai iya fada.
Maintenance da kula
Ba wai kawai kiwon lafiyar shanu ba, amma har da inganci da yawa na madara yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dogara da yanayin gidaje.
Tafiya yana tafiya ƙasa
Wadannan shanu suna bukatar motsi, akalla sa'o'i uku a rana. Yawon shakatawa, in Bugu da ƙari, za ta samar da ƙari da nauyin ƙwayar kore, da kuma daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da bitamin D. Rashin wannan bitamin yana da hatsarin gaske ga calves, domin yana haifar da rickets.
Idan babu makiyaya kusa da gonar, ya kamata a kasance dandamali tare da feeders kafa a can, cike da fodder kore da silage. Dole ne a yi amfani da shafin tare da zubar don kare shi daga zafin rana don kada cutar ta shafe dabbobi. 
Shiryawa na sito
Dogon tsawon turken dole ne ya kasance aƙalla mita biyu; idan abun ciki yana da tayi, to lallai leash bai kamata ya hana motsin dabba ba. Ƙasa ta rufe zurfin (har zuwa 30 cm) Layer na bambaro tare da peat, kuma tashar don raguwa da aiki mai mahimmanci ke gudana ta wurin ta.
Kusan kwance a 70 cm daga bene. Ita itace itace mafi kyau: itace zai wuce tsawon lokaci, banda shi abu ne na halitta. Don hay da roughage yi raba kwantena. Ana buƙatar tasa mai buƙatar (zai fi dacewa atomatik), an sanya ƙugiya a tsakiya tsakanin ɗakunan biyu. A cikin hunturu, yana samar da ruwan zafi.
Yi ado da kanka tare da irin wadan kiwo da kuma shanu na nama kamar: shorthorn, Caucasian Brown da Sychevsk.
Yanayin tsarewa
A cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, madara zai zama mai, amma zai zama karami. A cikin yanayin zafi, yawan amfanin ƙasa mai zafin jiki zai yi farin ciki tare da adadin, amma ƙwayar mai da dandano za ta sha wahala. Sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci mu san kuma ku lura da ma'anar zinariya. 
Da farko, wajibi ne don ware bayanan - don haka, duk abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin dakin suna ɓoye. Tun da wannan nau'in ba'a ba da shawarar da za a kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin greenhouse ba, zafi yana da muhimmanci a cikin hunturu kawai a yanayin tsananin sanyi. Ana buƙatar zurfin layin kwanciya. Gaba ɗaya, ba kyawawa ba cewa yawan zafin jiki a ciki da ke ƙasa 5 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don rage da maraƙi, ya suna tafiya idan dai zai yiwu, kusan zuwa farkon sanyi.
Wadannan shanu ba sa son zafi; Lokacin da ake yin sito, yana da kyau a yi la'akari da manyan fannoni masu yawa don yin sanyi da kuma samun damar samun iska a cikin rani. Za su zama tushen hasken rana. A cikin hunturu haske haske tsawo tare da fitilu. Ba'a bada shawara don buɗe windows don hunturu - ana buƙatar tsarin samun iska don cire iska mai tsafta da saturate da sito tare da sababbin oxygen.
Ana wanke sito
Canjin canji a sau da yawa, a matsayin gurbatacce. An wanke tsawa don kwantar da ruwa a kowace rana kuma an wanke bene tare da ruwa don cire wari. Cire dakin daki sau ɗaya a mako ta hanyar amfani da maganin disinfecting na musamman. Sau ɗaya a wata, suna tsaftace tsarin iska don kada turbaya ta tara, tattara kwayoyin daban daban. Tankuna na abinci da masu sha suna wanka kamar yadda aka gurbata. 
Ciyar da abinci
Ya kamata a tuna cewa lokutan hunturu suna da wasu bambance-bambance daga abincin rani.
Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya
An fitar da kiwo a bayan an rayar da raɓa. Ya kamata dabbobi su ciyar da su, domin a cikin kore akwai karin bitamin fiye da sunadarai da sukari, wanda mahimmanci ne don abinci mai kyau. Yawan shanu a kowace rana ya ci har zuwa 20 kilogiram na miki da kimanin kilo 6 na abinci mai da hankali.
Yana da muhimmanci! Belen, dambe, dope, gorchak ruwan hoda, St. John's wort, buttercups - wadannan tsire-tsire masu guba ga shanu. Kafin cin kifi, tabbatar da cewa basu halarci makiyaya.
Differences a cikin hunturu ciyar
A cikin hunturu, babu wani kayan lambu, don haka tushen abinci na kayan abinci, silage, kayan lambu da albarkatu. An shirya abinci mai yalwa a kan amfanin gonar hatsi - alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, kuma yana ba da gudummawa na ma'adinai da bitamin. A cikin ƙananan gonaki, farashin abincin da aka saya za a iya rage ta albarkatun lambu, bran da derti - alal misali, masara. 
Har ila yau yana da amfani ga burenkas don bada kayan lambu da kayan lambu da kayan lambu:
- sugar beets;
- kabewa;
- dankali;
- karas.
Tsayawa da takwaran Kostroma yana buƙatar kulawa - dabbobi da sauri a yi amfani da ita, cin abinci da shakatawa a wani lokaci. Amma wadannan ƙoƙarin za a samu lada. Amince da tsarin mulki, da kulawa da kulawa da kuma tabbatar da yanayin da ake bukata zai sami tasiri mai amfani akan yawan aiki.
