Don yawancin shekaru na amfani da madara, mutane sun san cewa abun da ya ƙunshi ya ƙunshi sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates, bitamin, enzymes da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai masu muhimmanci ga jiki. Kyakkyawar ingancin wannan samfurin shine sakamakon haɗari kuma a lokaci guda aikin aikin manomi. Yi la'akari da yawancin samfurin, yadda za a auna da kuma ƙara shi.
Mene ne kuma abin da aka auna a cikin yawan madara
Wannan alamar yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na madara, wanda ke ƙayyade dabi'ar madara mai madara kuma ya dogara da kitsen mai. Density yana da darajar da ta nuna yawan yawansa a zafin jiki na +20 ° C mafi girma fiye da taro na ruwa mai narkewa a zafin jiki na +4 ° C a cikin girman. Ana nuna wannan alamar g / cm³, kg / m³.
Karanta game da irin madara maras saniya, kazalika ka koyi yadda za ka madara saniya don samar da madara mai girma.
Abin da ya ƙayyade ƙimar
Wannan alamar a cikin madarar madara ya dogara da dabi'u masu zuwa:
- yawan salts, sunadarai da sukari;
- lokacin ƙayyadadden lokaci (ƙididdiga ya kamata a yi a cikin sa'o'i kadan bayan milking);
- lokaci da lactation zamani;
- lafiyar dabba;
- abinci mai gina jiki - mafi kyawun abinci, mafi kyawun rigakafi;
- nau'in shanu - shanu da kiwo suna ba da yawan wannan samfurin, amma yawancin abincinsa ya kasa;
- yanayi lokaci - saturation yana ragewa a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da dabbobi basu da abubuwa masu ma'adinai.
Density of madara: norms, tebur dangane da zafin jiki
An rubuta yawancin madara mafi girma a bayan haihuwar maraƙi. Wannan ya ƙaddara ta hanyar halitta, kamar yadda a cikin kwanakin farko matasan suna cin abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi gizon mai, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin acid mai amfani. Yawancin samfurin halitta ya kasance daga 1,027-1,033 g / cm ³. Idan adadi ya zama ƙasa, to, an yi amfani da samfurin, kuma idan ya fi girma, an cire matayen daga ciki. Yi la'akari da yadda yawancin madara ya bambanta dangane da yawan zafin jiki:
Temperatuur (digiri Celsius - ° C) | |||||||||
17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
Density (a cikin digiri hydrometer - ° A) | |||||||||
24,4 | 24,6 | 24,8 | 25,0 | 25,2 | 25,4 | 25,6 | 25,8 | 26,0 |
Yadda za a ƙayyade yawan
A cikin shuke-shuke masana'antu da dakunan gwaje-gwaje, madara saturation an ƙaddara ta amfani da lacto-densimeter ko madarar madara. Don yin bincike, an ɗauka cylinder auna tare da ƙarar 200 ml, diamita ya zama aƙalla 5 cm.Da hanya ta ƙunshi magudi mai zuwa:
- Milk sannu a hankali tare da ganuwar an zuba a cikin Silinda zuwa 2/3 na girman.
- Bayan haka, ana amfani da lacto-densimeter a ciki (ya kamata a yi iyo).
- Ana gudanar da gwajin bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan lokacin da na'urar ta dakatar da oscillating. Yi shi a saman gefen meniscus tare da daidaito na 0.0005, da zazzabi - har zuwa digiri na 0.5.
- Don tabbatar da waɗannan alamun, an yi amfani da na'urar ne kadan kuma a sake aiwatar da su. Alamar daidai ita ce matsakaicin adadi na lambobi biyu.
- Dole ne a gudanar da gwajin a madara mai madara +20 ° C.
Tabbatar da madara mai yawa: 1 - Cikakken alkama, 2 - nutsewa na hydrometer (lacto-densimeter) a cikin kwandon cylinder, 3 - cylinder tare da isometer mai lalata, 4 - zafin jiki, karatu 5
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan yawan zazzabi ya fi girma, to, 0.0002 an kara da shi zuwa karatun kowane digiri, idan ƙananan, to an ɗauke shi.
A gida, irin wannan na'ura kamar hydrometer mai yiwuwa ya kasance babu. Ka yi la'akari da abin da za ka yi a wannan yanayin:
- An zuba karamin madara mai madara cikin gilashin ruwa. Kyakkyawan samfurin samfur zai nutse zuwa ƙasa sannan sannan ya soke. A wasu lokuta, zai fara yadawa nan da nan a farfajiya.
- Mix madara da barasa a cikin wannan rabo. Ana saka ruwan da aka kawo a cikin farantin. Idan samfurin ya kasance na halitta, flakes zai fara bayyana a cikinta, ba za su bayyana a cikin jihar diluted ba.
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Yadda za a kara yawan
Domin samun samfurin kiwo mai kyau, kana buƙatar sanin yadda za a kara yawanta. Anyi wannan ta hanyar ayyuka masu zuwa:
- Kula da lafiyar dabbobi.
- Ciyar da su abinci mai kyau.
- Kula da shanu cikin yanayin kirki.
- Saka idanu daga cikin samfurin daga milking don kaiwa mai sayarwa.
Gano abin da yake haifar da madara da jini daga saniya.
Kamar yadda muka gani, abincin madara ne kawai kawai tare da wasu alamomi. Duba abin da kuke sha da abin da kuke ba wa 'ya'yanku. Kada ku kasance m don gudanar da gwaji mai sauƙi a gida, sa'an nan kuma daga wannan samfurin za ku samu kawai amfanin.