Liatris fure ne daga wasu nau'ikan perennial; wani bangare ne na dangin Asters ko na Asteraceae. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, yana girma a Mexico, Arewacin Amurka, da Bahamas. Akwai kimanin ƙananan 20 na shuka.
Bayanin lyatris: iri da iri
Furen fure na Liatris ya mamaye gidajen lambuna a karni na 18. Ganyenta suna tattarawa a cikin kayan tsiro, wanda daga bishiyoyi masu wuya suka fito tare da inflorescences suna girma daga 0.6 zuwa 1 m. Fushin al'adun tare da launi mai duhu mai duhu shine mai yawa. Kowane ganye yana da kunkuntar. Ba ya cikin ƙananan tallafin, wanda baya hana shi zama mashahuri ga masu lambu. An tattara furanni a cikin spikelets, a cikin tsayi daga 15 zuwa 30 cm.
Menene lyatris yayi kama
Akwai yawancin raunin al'ada na al'ada.
Liatris spikelet
Yi ado gadaje na fure tare da furanni a watan Yuni-Yuli. Launin su ya dogara da iri-iri kuma mai launin ruwan hoda, fari, shunayya, lilac, lilac, azure. Fuskar tayi kama da bututu, an rufe ta da kananan furanni gabaɗayan tsawonta. The mai tushe girma zuwa 80 cm, gaba daya rufe foliage. Paniculate inflorescences na spikelet liatris ya kai cm 25 a tsayi.
Sanannun ƙasusuwa na nau'in spiky iri-iri waɗanda aka haɓaka bisa ga nau'in Spicata lyatris (spicata) sun haɗa da:
- Floristan Violett (Floristan Violett) - tare da fentin fenti a cikin wata inuwa ta daban ta shuɗi da shunayya;
- Florian Weiss - mai tushe na al'adar ya kai 90 cm, manyan inflorescences sun yi kama da kyandir-dusar kankara;
- Liatris Kobold (kobold ko cobalt) - yana da furanni masu launi na lilac-pink, wanda ke kan mai tushe tare da tsawon 40 cm.
Yana da mahimmanci a sani! Spyatletin lyatris yana da inuwa mai launin dusar ƙanƙan fari-fure da girma daga 50 zuwa 80 cm.
Liatris membranous
Ya na da manyan ganye da fadi, fallasa - farar fata da farin ciki. Inflorescences a cikin bayyanar sun yi kama da kwallaye masu ɗauke da ƙananan furanni na Lilac da sautunan ruwan hoda. An fi son nau'ikan fim ɗin don amfani da su a cikin zane-zane ƙasa, lokacin ƙirƙirar nunin faifai ko gadaje fure.
Shahararrun nau'in Liatris membranous suna wakilta:
- Girman Satumba - girma har zuwa 1 m, tare da manyan furanni na launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda;
- Lyatris Alba (alba) - iri-iri an ƙaddara su da manyan ƙwallan lu'u-lu'u da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Cincin Liatris
Kusa da mafi tsayi, a cikin yanayi akwai zaɓuɓɓuka har zuwa tsayi 2. M al'adar tana da harbe mai ƙarfi da ganye tare da sautin kore. A kan dogon yadudduka ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi. Wakilan nau'in sun hada da Uyat Spyr, wanda ke da fari-dusar ƙanƙara. Musamman sha'awa shine Picador purple. Consideredaƙƙarfan fasalinsa ana ɗaukar shi mai girma da haske ne mai ƙauna da ƙaunar matsakaicin matsakaici mai sauƙi, haifuwa mai sauƙi.
Liatris Kobold
Wurin saukowa, ƙasa
Dasa kuma kula da lyatris ya fara da zaɓin shafin da ya dace. Ya fi son ileasa mai saukin yanayi tare da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa da ɗan ɗanɗano acid, a cikin kewayon raka'a 6-6.5. Al'adar tana ƙaunar wuraren rana inda haskoki ke faɗo akan bushes na tsawon awanni 6 ko fiye.
Lura! Lokacin da girma a kan yashi da busassun ƙasa, a cikin inuwa m, lithium (Liatris fure) blooms rauni. Idan aka dasa shi a kan dutsen, to sai girma yayi rauni, kuma inflorescences ya gajarta.
Nau'in da ya daɗe yana rayuwa ba ya yarda da boggy da ƙasa mai nauyi - a cikin irin waɗannan wurare yana da haɗarin yaduwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin kwantena na fure, ana yin ma'adinan da peat, yumbu da ƙura (yashi).
Shuka da tsaba na lithium a cikin ƙasa bude
An shuka iri a cikin kaka ko a farkon bazara - sanyi ba ya rikitar da su. Kafin aiki, suna narke na tsawon awanni 8 a cikin maganin warkewa. Ginin wuri ne da aka riga an tono, an ƙara humus a ciki akan rahiti 1 ga kowane m2. Ana yin grooves a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm, bayan dasa shuki tsaba, dole ne a yayyafa shi. Tare da hanyar rarraba iri, al'adar za ta sami cikakkiyar haɓaka ba a sama da shekaru 2-3 bayan dasawa.
Tsaba Lyatris
Saukowa da Liatris a bude
Ana iya yin girma cikin al'adun shuka a cikin seedlings, ana shuka dabbobi dabbobin kwanaki 50-60 a cikin ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka shuka shine aka taurare, ana bi dasu kuma an shuka su a cikin kwantena tare da ƙasa mai narkewa.
Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin Janairu ko Maris, lokacin dasa shuki, an binne tsaba ta 1 cm .. Ana rufe kwantena da gilashin ko filastik kuma an aika su zuwa ɗakin dumi tare da yanayin zazzabi na 22-25 ℃ sama da sifilin.
Informationarin bayani! Lokacin da farkon tsiron ya bayyana, ana saukar da zazzabi zuwa 16-18 ℃ sama da sifili, ana tura akwatunan zuwa wuri mai haske.
Bayan samuwar ganyen farko biyu, an shuka dabbobin dabbobin a cikin tukwane daban-daban, wata guda bayan haka sai a tura su zuwa babban akwati. Saukowa karkashin sararin sama ana aiwatar da ita bayan an gama barazanar dawowar dusar sanyi a dare. Lokacin dasa hanyoyin tsakanin bushes tsayar da nisa na 20 zuwa 25 cm.
Saukowa
Watering da kwance ƙasa
Al'adar za ta tsira ba karamin fari ba, amma tana ga masu son danshi. Ambaliya yana da haɗari ta hanyar ci gaban rot a kan tushen tsarin. Ofaukar ruwa a lokacin da yake amfani da ƙasa ya dogara da girman amfanin gona - daji ɗaya na asusu na guga na ruwa. Ruwan yana zuba har sai ya narke cikin ƙasa.
Hilling da loosening na ƙasa yana gudana lokaci-lokaci, tare da ƙari da ƙarancin ƙasa. Saboda kusancin tsarin tushen, ana iya fallasa shi a kai a kai, musamman bayan tsawan tsawa.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samun matasa.
Mai Tubewa
An sayi abu a cikin shagon fure ko kuma aka samarwa shi da kansa a cikin kaka. Don hanya, bushes na shekaru 2-3, farawa daga 2 cm a girma, ya dace .. Ana yin ƙananan kwararan fitila a cikin kwararan fitila - harbe zai tafi daga garesu. Ana saukowa a cikin bazara ko a watan Satumba Oktoba-, kafin a fara yanayin sanyi.
Idan ana so, nodules za a iya shuka a gaba. A cikin tankuna ana shuka su a nesa na 15 cm a cikin cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da peat, yashi kogin humus. Bushes ɗin suna buƙatar samar da kyakkyawan malalewa. An aika da tankuna zuwa ɗaki mai sanyi da duhu har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana. Bayan fitowar sabon harbe, ana shuka shi a ƙarƙashin sararin sama.
Raba Bush
An dasa ciyayi gaba ɗaya, an girgiza shi daga ƙasa mai girgiza kuma a yanka tare da shebur. Tushen ya kasu kashi 2-3, zai fi dacewa da uniform. An rarrabe guda ana shuka shi a cikin ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya, takin tare da kwayoyin halitta zuwa zurfin kama da na wani tsohon daji. Ya kamata a sa ran hura wuta a daidai lokacin ko kuma na gaba, gwargwadon lokacin rabo.
Mahimmanci! A wuri guda kuma wuri guda, al'ada tana girma al'ada kuma tana haɓaka sama da shekaru uku. Itace za ta iya ninka ta hanyar rarraba daji kuma wannan hanyar ba za ta haifar da matsaloli ga 'yan lambu masu ƙwarewa ba. Kai tsaye ba tare da tsayawa ba da tsayen da ba ta tsayawa ba kuma da sauri za su rasa kyan gani su mutu.
Raba Bush
Ciyar da dasawa
Tsarin Liatris da kulawa a filin budewa ya ƙunshi aikace-aikacen takin zamani. Ana aiwatar da riguna na sama sau uku a kowace kakar, ta amfani da mafifitan maganin phosphate. Lokacin canza daidaitaccen inuwa na ganye don kodadde, dole ne a yi amfani da takin nitrogen. Al’adu ba sa bukatar wasu abubuwa masu amfani.
Ana aiwatar da aikin dasawa cikin haɗuwa tare da rarrabuwa na ɗan tsintsiya a cikin sassa kowane 3 ko 4 shekaru. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan buƙatar, to bushes ɗin zai zama ƙarami ya ɓace a cikin 'yan shekaru. Ana aiwatar da juyawa ta hanyar algorithm:
- an cire datti a hankali daga ƙasa kuma tushen tsabtace tushen shi;
- yi amfani da wuka mai kaifi don rarrabe shi zuwa sassa - tushen wuyansa mai tushe yakamata ya kasance a kowane rukuni;
- An dasa dabbobin matasa a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka shirya, zuwa zurfin 10 cm, lura da nisa daga 25-35 cm;
- ramuka cike na uku da humus da ƙasa, rammed;
- aiwatar da ruwa da mulching.
Kula! Wannan nau'in dasawa zai fi dacewa a watan Oktoba - kafin sabon kakar bushes ɗin zai sami lokaci don yayi ƙarfi da faranta maigidan su da furanni. Idan tsari ba zai yiwu ba a cikin kaka, ana aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara - a mafi yawan lokuta, bayyanar buds dole ne a sa ran shekara mai zuwa.
Shuka dasa
Cincin Liatris
Wasu nau'ikan albarkatu na iya girma zuwa 1 m, wanda ke buƙatar ɗauri. Ana tura sanduna masu ƙarfi kusa da ciyawar kuma an jan igiya ko igiya. Otsan wasan wuta suna ɗaure zuwa tsarin da aka samo. Idan ba a aiwatar da hanyar ba, to a karkashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau ko a ƙarƙashin nauyin taro da yawa, harbe-harbe suna iya fashewa, kuma daji na iya mutuwa.
Pruning bada shawarar bayan flowering na mutum inflorescences. Wannan hanyar za ta inganta bayyanar daukacin daji, taimaka wa foliage su sami launi mai kyau. Bayan kakar girma, yawancin yan lambu sun fi son gudanar da girkin amfanin gona.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Cututtukan kusan ba su shafar daji, an gabatar da manyan matsalolin:
- tushen rot - wanda yakan faru lokacin da aka dasa shuki a wurare masu nauyi, ƙasa mara nauyi wacce take cikin inuwa;
- powdery mildew - cutar rinjayar da foliage a cikin kullum ruwa.
Cutar cututtukan ƙwayar fata sau da yawa tana faruwa a kan rauni ko tsohuwar bushes. Yarda da ka'idodin aikin gona da rarrabuwa tsakanin mutane shine mafi kyawun rigakafin cututtuka daban-daban.
Hadarin kwari masu hadari sun hada da:
- Vole mice waɗanda suke son m dandano na tubers. Masu sana'a sun fi son shuka bushes a cikin kwanduna na musamman waɗanda aka binne a ƙasa.
- Bear - kwaro mai kama da ƙasa yana son ƙyamar tushen al'adunsu.
- Slimer - bayyanar su sau da yawa ana alaƙa da ruwan sama da kuma mummunan yanayi.
Ya kamata ku sani! Don sarrafa kwari, 'yan lambu masu gogewa sun fi son amfani da Medvetox da Girma.
Motsa ta Vole - Lyatris kwaro
Yadda ake shirya domin hunturu
A ƙarshen lokacin girma, ana ɗaukar duk bushes. Suna sauƙaƙa tsira watanni masu sanyi kuma basa buƙatar tsari na musamman. Sauran kashi an rufe shi da bushewar ganye ko humus, an shimfiɗa shi a cikin rufi har zuwa 15 cm.
Lokacin fitar ruwa da kulawa bayan
A lokacin samuwar buds na al'ada, yana harba kibiyoyi tare da inflorescences. Furannin furannin lyatris sun fara fure daga kasa zuwa saman. Matsakaicin tsayin kowane tsayin tsayin 40-5 cm ne daga waje yayi kama da spikelet wanda ya kunshi matakai da yawa na kungiyoyin furen.
Tsawon lokacin lokacin fure yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 30, don biyan kuɗi daban-daban - har zuwa watanni 1.5-2. Lokaci ya dogara da wurin dasa shuki na shuki, amma galibi bayyanar buds tana faruwa ne a watan Yuni ko Yuli. A ƙarshen kakar, ana kafa akwatuna tare da kayan iri, an rufe su da karamin tari.
Bayan an gama gama furanni da lalacewar ganyayyaki, an yanke sashin ƙasa, an yanke farfajiya ta hanyar rassan gwari, peat ko takin. Idan babu mummunan yanayin bazara, tsari ya zama dole.
Lura! Ba za ku iya yin amfani da ciyawa kamar ciyawa ba - mafi yawan kwari da suka saba da al'ada, vole mice, gida a ciki galibi.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Farin fata da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwa na lyatris sun shahara tsakanin masu zanen wurare. Ana amfani da gogewa sosai don ado:
- gadajen fure;
- lambun fure;
- tuddai mai tsayi;
- rajista na kan iyaka.
Al'adar za a iya dasa ta azaman saiti guda ko kuma gauraya ta wasu nau'ikan iri ɗaya. A iri-iri za a iya haɗe shi da unpreentious wildflowers, dasa su a cikin abun da ke ciki. Wannan hanyar tana rage lokaci da kokarin da ake bayarwa wajen kula da lambun furen, kuma yana baiwa mazaunin gida wani yanayi na daban.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar gado na fure, mutum bai kamata ya manta game da haɗuwa da tabarau ba. Yawancin nau'ikan Liatris ana fentin su a cikin dusar ƙanƙara-fari, violet da sauran launuka, zaku iya ƙara rawaya launin ruwan hoda ko ja.
Ban sha'awa! Ana amfani da nau'ikan Tall a matsayin tsakiyar gadaje na fure, wanda ba a cika gani ba - a ƙofar ko don ado ta hanyoyi na lambun. Lokacin ƙirƙirar gadaje na fure, babban dokar ya shafi - adadi mai yawa na tsire-tsire zai rusa ɗaukakar ra'ayi, ya kamata a sami amfanin gona a kan ƙasa da gangan, ba tare da cunkoso mai yawa ba.
Liatris a zaman wani bangare na zanen fili
Noma a yankuna tare da yanayin canjin yanayi
Liatris na iya girma a Siberiya, Urals da Far East. Fulawa ta ba da shawarar yin shuka a yankuna masu sanyi na musamman da ke da sanyi mai sanyi: Albu ko Staring Burning. Abun da kawai fasalin na namo shine ɗan gajeren lokaci na fure da kuma rashin ƙwayar iri.
An ba da kulawa ta musamman ga shiri na hunturu na bishiyar: tare da zuwan Satumba, an ciyar da shi da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus, kuma mafi kusanci ga hunturu, suna aiwatar da babban tsaunukan sharan gona. Kafin sanyi, al'adun an rufe su da busasshen ganye da kuma agrofibre na musamman.
Liatris ya cancanci ƙaunar kwararrun lambu da kuma ƙwararrun fage.
Lura! Motsa jiki ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kusan ba sa mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka masu nauyi.
Tsawo da yalwataccen fure yana ba su damar yin ado na sirri, don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ƙirƙirar abubuwan ƙirƙira.
Yarda da ka'idodin tsarewa zai nisantar da mafi yawan cututtukan, yana hana ɓarnar bishiyoyi ta bera da bears. Hanya madaidaiciya zai sa infield kyakkyawa da bambanci.
