Antirrinum (Antirrhinum) ko sanannun snapdragon suna cikin iyalin Psyllium. Sun kuma san shi a ƙarƙashin wasu sunaye: kare (a cikin Russia), snapdragon ko maciji mai cijewa (a Ingila), ƙwararren maƙasudi (a Faransa), bakin (a cikin Ukraine). Sunan da aka fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin hanci-kama ko kama da hanci. An yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ga allolin da suka kirkiro wannan fure don girmama nasarar da aka samu akan zaki. Daga wannan lokacin a Girka, akwai al'ada don mika shi ga jarumai.
Bayani da sifofin snapdragon
Akwai kusan nau'ikan 50 da ke girma a cikin sassan kudancin Duniya, mafi yawan duka a Arewacin Amurka. Wannan fure an girka shi da shekaru dari biyar. Godiya ga kokarin masu shayarwa a yau, akwai nau'ikan dubun da aka tanada bisa asalin jinsin guda - maganin antirrinum yana da yawa.
Snapdragon itace tsintsiya madaidaiciya ce ko ciyawa wacce ta kai tsayin 15 cm - 1 m. Manya mai tushe tare da furfuran bakin ciki suna kama da dala. Dogon ganye suna kama da sifar yatsin fuska, lanceolate. Sama shine wuri na gaba, a ƙasa akasin haka ne. Launin Greenish - duk haske da duhu tabarau, haɓakar jini tana bayyane bayyane. Ellingamshi, fure mai mahimmanci suna da bayyanar ba daidai ba (lebe biyu) da inflorescences kamar kunne. Bambanci sun bambanta da launi. Akwai haske, zinariya da kowane nau'in inuwa mai launin ja. An samo nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan terry tare da launuka da yawa. Yawancin tsaba suna girma a cikin 'ya'yan itacen, wanda a cikin siffar yayi kama da akwati.
Yana blooms a lokacin rani da damina kusan kafin farkon yanayin sanyi. Ana yin perennials a mafi yawan lokuta a matsayin shekara. Kasancewar kulawa mai inganci da kuma yanayin da ya dace sun ba da damar snapdragon, azaman biennium, ya kasance a cikin ƙasa kuma bayan hunturu don fara fure na biyu. A cikin zane mai faɗi, ana amfani dashi don tsara iyakoki, gadaje na fure, ciyawar kore. Balconies da verandas tare da dasa maganin antirrinum suna da kyau. Ana shuka nau'in Ampel a cikin rataye masu kwanciyar hankali da kwanduna.
Iri da nau'in maganin antirrinum
Duk bambancin maganin antirrinum an rarrabe shi da haɓakar sa.
Giant
Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan manya ne masu girma. Gefen da aka matsa a kaikaice yana wakiltar kwanduna ɗaya. Manyan furanni masu yawan furanni. Shuka cikin katako don yankan. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan: Fara, Frontier, Suprem, Rocket, tilasta.
Tall
Girmarsu yayi kadan - 65-110 cm .an ƙaramin tushe ne mai yawa ke shiryawa, suna yin matakai na peculiar. A gaban densely dasa inflorescences da manyan furanni ne halayyar. Yi amfani da shi a bouquets.
Matsakaici
Pyramidal bushes ya kai tsawo na 35-50 cm. An ƙirƙira ɗaukakar su saboda tsananin shinge. Suna da ban sha'awa a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara idan an zaɓi iri tare da kwanakin buɗewa daban.
Ba a fahimta
Waɗannan ƙananan tsire-tsire ne (30 cm) tare da ɗimbin yawa na matakai. A lokacin da aka zubar da cikakke, sun yi kama da wata-wata. A goga su ne ƙananan furanni da sako-sako.
Dwarf
Varietiesananan nau'ikan (15 cm). Bambanta a cikin manyan iri iri mai tushe. Da alama cewa bushes kawai diverge a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Inflorescences ƙananan.
Hanyoyin yaduwa na snapdragon
Ana iya yada shi ta hanyoyi guda biyu: tsirar rai da ciyayi. Germination a cikin tsaba ta ci gaba shekaru. A cikin yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi ana shuka su nan da nan a gonar. Ana iya ganin ɓarnuwa a cikin 'yan makonni, kuma gajeriyar yanayin sanyi ba zai cutar da su ba. A wasu wurare, ya fi kyau shuka seedlings, wanda ba shi da wahala sosai kuma ba mai wahala ba.
Seedlings girma tsari
Don fara aiwatar da dasa shuki, shirya akwati mai tsayi aƙalla cm 10 A ɓangarensa na ƙasa, dole ne a yi ramuka don zubar da ruwa mai yawa. Lokacin shirya ƙasa, ana buƙatar sieves, duka tare da ƙanana da manyan sel, spatula. A kasan jita-jita sun sanya magudanar ruwa - mafi yawan lokuta ana fadada yumbu ko ƙananan pebbles. Sannan suka shirya ƙasa.
Selectionasa zaɓi
Don samun isasshen adadin seedlings, ƙasa dole ne ya kasance sako-sako da haske. Ana sayan ƙasa mai shiri ko aka shirya akan nasu. Abun da ake buƙata abun da ke ciki: ƙasar turɓaya, yashi, peat, humus da itacen ash. Ana ɗaukar duk wannan a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.3, gauraye sosai da sieved, ta amfani da babban sieve, sannan ƙarami. Amsar da aka samo bayan an sanya hoton farko a kwano, sauran an cika su a cikin akwati gabaɗaya. Tabbatar da ta ɓoye tare da maganin maganin manganese. Readyasa ta shirya don amfani cikin kwanaki 2.
Tsarin iri
Yawanci, ana siyan tsaba snapdragon a shago, ana zaɓar yawancin zaɓinku. Kula da tsawo, launi, lokacin shuki, menene buƙatun sa don yanayin girma.
Idan aka girbe da kansu, tabbas sun bushe sosai.
Adana a cikin ƙasa na firiji don sha dole canji kafin shuka. Kafin dasa, dole ne a sanya su a cikin rauni mai sauƙi na potassiumgangan (rabin awa), sannan a bushe, bazu akan zane ko takarda. Bayan sun kammala dukkan shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen, ana dasa su.
Tsarin dokoki game da shuki
Tsarin girma seedlings yana farawa a farkon bazara. Preparedauki kwanukan kwano mai laushi (diamita 10 cm), saka yashi mai laushi a ƙasan, sai a shirya ƙasa kuma a sanyaya danshi tare da fesa ruwa. Yada tsaba daga sama, tare da rufewa, yayyafa shi da ruwa kuma ya rufe tare da gilashi. Kowace rana, wajibi ne don ɗaga shi don samun iska, cire condensate, kuma yayin da yake bushewa, ruwa da ƙasa.
Lokacin da farkon harbe suka bayyana, an sanya kwano a cikin wuri mai haske, kuma bayan fewan kwanaki sai suka gushe. A cikin kwantena da aka shirya tare da ƙasa, an sanya tsagi mara tsayi a nesa na 2 cm, inda ake zubar da tsaba, bayan haɗa su da yashi. Don cikakken tuntuɓar ƙasa, tamp. Don tabbatar da kyawawan tsire-tsire, kula da zazzabi na + 18 ° C.
Yadda ake kulawa da shuki
Bayyanar 'ya'yan seedlings na farko na nufin cewa gilashin da ke rufe tsaba za a iya cire su. Wannan zai fi dacewa a hankali, kowace rana, ƙara minti 10-15 don samun iska. Seedlingsaya daga cikin tsiro na farko ya samo asalinsa, sannan zai fita kawai. Bayan kyakkyawan ci gaban nau'i biyu, sai su zaba. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tukwane daban-daban, kofuna na peat (8 cm) ko kwantena (shirin dasa 5x5). Wannan shine matakin farko don samun ƙarancin wadatar, kuma don ƙirƙirar tafiyar matakai, ana rawanin rawanin wani bugu da ƙari. A mataki na biyu, an riga an aiwatar da wani canjin a nesa na cm 10. Don cimma nasarar haɓaka, kuna buƙatar samar da haske, buƙatar ruwa mai mahimmanci da zazzabi na +23 ° C.
Shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude
Suna yin shuka a cikin lambu a lokacin da ba su tsammanin kariyar sanyi. Ya dogara da yankin girma. Daga cikin mahimmancin zaɓi shine wurin: yakamata a ƙoshi sosai, ƙasa tare da yashi. Sannan suna aiwatar da shirye-shiryensa (ana bayar da adadi a kowace m2):
- yin itace ash (gilashin) da takin gargajiya (tablespoon);
- ƙara yawan overripe - 3 kilogiram, peat - 1 kg;
- tono;
- sassauta.
Ana dasa shuki a maraice ko da yamma lokacin da babu rana.
Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya ragu, an ba shi tsawo na nau'in shuka. Mafi girman girman sifar snapdragon, mafi girma shine. Don adana tushen, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na farko sannan kuma an koma wurin da aka shirya tare da dunƙule ƙasa. Fashewa baya zurfi sosai. A ƙasa ne kadan tamped.
Kulawa na waje don snapdragons
Kulawa da snapdragons abu ne mai sauki kuma mai sauƙin samu har ma ga masanan lambu. Ga bayanin wasu 'yan maɓallan abubuwan da za a bi:
- Watering yana matsakaici kuma na yau da kullun. Ana amfani da ruwa talakawa ko tsayawa. Don seedlings da tsire-tsire masu tsufa sun yi amfani da ruwa don kada su lalata su.
- Musamman abinci. Ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus. Farkon lokacin da aka kawo su cikin kwanaki 15-20 bayan dasa shuki. Daga baya ake yi sau biyu a wata.
- Mulching kasar gona. Yi amfani da sawdust, ciyawar bushe ko humus.
- Yanawa. Yawo don samun isashshen iska a cikin tushen. Yana hana ci gaba da ciyawa.
Tarin iri
Ana tattara tsaba a cikakkiyar balaga kuma an sanya su cikin daki na musamman don farfadowa, suna ba da damar iska a gare su. Tsarin yana farawa bayan cikakken maturation na ƙananan capsules akan kara tare da furanni. Babban kibiya tare da 'ya'yan itace kore an yage, kuma an jefa jakar takarda akan sauran shi kuma an tsare shi. Runkanƙarar daɗaɗɗen takalmin katako kuma sun rataye tare da kaifin baki a ƙasa a cikin ɗaki na musamman. A seedsan itace sun zube cikin jaka. Sannan an tattara su a cikin kwali mai kwali kuma a adana su, suna ba da kariya daga danshi.
Cutar da kwari
Kyakkyawan tsarin snapdragon tare da kulawa mara kyau ana ƙarƙashin waɗannan cututtuka:
- Tsatsa Tabewar haske mai ɓacin rai zai kasance a bayyane a sama, da rawaya rawaya a ƙasa, wanda a lokacin zai duhunta ya kuma samu launin ja. Jirgin sama mai hawa. Furen ya bushe ya mutu.
- Downy mildew. Kuna iya lura da bayyanar wurare masu kyau a ɓangaren ɓangaren ganye, kuma a ƙasa - farar fata ko launin ruwan kasa. Don rigakafin, m plantings kada a yarda, da kuma babban zafi a cikin greenhouses. Ana kula dasu tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla, kafin amfani dasu, an cire duk ganyen da ya shafa.
- Powdery Mildew Samuwar farin shafi a dukkan sassa na shuka halayyar mutum ne. Yana da kyau don zaɓar nau'ikan da suke tsayayya da wannan cutar.
- Kawa rot Ganyayyaki na haskakawa, sannan ya zama rawaya ya fadi. Lokacin fitar da tushen, ya bayyana sarai cewa ya zama ruɓe da laushi. Yana haɓakawa tare da yawan shayarwa ko a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙarancin acidity.
- Kawa rot Launin kara daga gindi yana canzawa. Seedlings kuma har yanzu m shuke-shuke suna shafi. Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings ba za'a iya dasa shuki da zurfi ba.
Kwaro, kuli-kuli waɗanda ke sa kwai, da sauran kwari suna iya kaiwa hari.
Ana cire tsire-tsire masu lalacewa da sauri, kuma ana kula da wurin haɓaka su da mafita na musamman.
Mr. mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: kaddarorin magani na snapdragon
An san Snapdragon ba wai kawai don kyakkyawan bayyanar ta ba, har ma don kyan magani. A cikin magungunan mutane a Gabas, yi amfani da adon kamar:
- antidotes
- anti-tsufa wakili (haɗe shi da ruwan lily).
Amfani da shi wajen lura da idanu, cututtukan ciki, da daskararru. Maganin shafawa da infusions an shirya su daga maganin antirrinum. Ana ƙara magunguna a cikin shirye-shiryen wanka na warkewa. A matsayin prophylactic, shayi yana da brewed (jiyya na hanta), compresses don boils.
Baya ga duk na sama, akwai wasu girke-girke. Dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa snapdragon mai guba ne, sabili da haka, liyafar ana aiwatar da ita ne kawai ta hanyar yarjejeniya da likita da kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka nuna. Akwai da yawa daga cikin contraindications: ciki, cutar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, hauhawar jini.
