Dabba

Ciyar da abinci da kuma adana yanayin shaguna

Mai shayarwa shine babban maɗauran kayan lambu.

Kyakkyawan mai mai kyau a hanyoyi da yawa yana tabbatar da yawancin naman sa da kiwo.

Ka'idojin ka'idoji don zaɓin masu safara

Za a gudanar da zaɓin gobies a wurare guda biyu: na farko shi ne layin, na biyu shi ne iyali. Dalilin wadannan wurare kamar haka:

  1. Lines. An yi amfani da mafi kyau mafi yawan bijimai, wanda ake kira masana'antun.
  2. Iyaye. Za'a zaɓi mahaifa tare da lambobin mafi girma kuma an halicci iyalai daga gare su.

Shin kuna sani? Mafi girma dabbar shi ne kyan zuma ko naman ala. Manya yana girma har zuwa 1 m 80 cm a bushe da nauyin fiye da ton.
Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ta hanyar amfani da ita a kan layi, zabi mafi kyau mafi kyau.

Tsarin maɓallin zaɓi na ainihi don layi shine:

  • dabi'u na kabilan "mahaifin" da "mahaifi". Alal misali, "mahaifiyar" ita ce taɗaɗɗa don akalla ƙarni huɗu, da ciwon mai cike da yawan amfanin ƙasa na akalla 150% na alamun misali na irinsa da kuma abun ciki mai mahimmanci na akalla 0.2% na al'ada. Kuma mai yin zina daga "mahaifin" wanda yana da 'ya'ya masu girma, wanda' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'ya' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'madara, suna cikin' yancin A1, kuma, bisa ga ƙwayar mai madarar madara, ga nau'in kiwo. Kuma a lokaci guda ya kamata ya sami halaye na waje da kundin tsarin mulki akalla maki 27;
  • bayyanawa da kuma bambanta na ci gaba. Ana auna wadannan alamun ta yin la'akari idan sun zo cikin duniya, lokacin da aka mayar da su zuwa gidan maraƙi, sa'an nan kuma kowane wata. Lokacin da yake shekara guda - suna yin cancanta, wanda ake kulawa da hankali ga bayyanar da kuma gina wani bijimin - dole ne ya kasance mai karfi tsarin mulki da gina haɗin gwiwar;
  • Kyakkyawar maniyyi. An kiyasta lokacin da bijimin ya kai watanni 12-14. An sanya wasu bukatu akan nau'in, wanda dole ne ya hadu da:

CriterionBukatun
VolumeAkalla 2 milliliters
Matsayin motsi+++
Gyara gaba70%
DensityAkalla 600,000 sperm da milliliter
Yawan nau'i maras kyauKasa da 20%

  • ingancin zuriya. An kuma bincika lokacin da dabba yake shekara daya. Cikakken maiya yana shuka kumfa biyu ko uku. Idan fiye da rabi na shanu sun hadu, an zabi bijimin. Cash girls of a bull suna kimantawa don ingancin lokacin da suka kasance daya da rabi shekaru. Yawancin darajar mai samar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '(ƙananan amfanin gona ya kamata ya wuce ka'idodi da 180%) da sauran mata na wannan zamani.

Gano abin da ya kamata ya zama abincin abincin mai sa.

Maintenance da kula

Tsarin al'ada na tsarewa da kulawa da kyau zai bunkasa haɓakar iyawar bijimin, inganta lafiyarta, da kuma bunkasa kwayar halitta ta karuwa sosai. Don mafi dacewa ga kulawar kiwo, ana bada shawara don biyan layin da aka tsara:

A'a. P / pLokaciAbin da za a yi
1.4 da karfe 5 na safefarkon ciyar
2.daga 4 (5) hours zuwa 7 hourshutawa
3.7 hourstsaftace gashin, gashi da kuma hoofs na sa
4.daga sa'o'i 7 zuwa 10tafiya, jituwa ko ayyuka
5.10 hoursna biyu ciyar
6.daga sa'o'i 10 zuwa 16hutawa
7.daga karfe 4 zuwa 7 na yammaaiki ko magancewa
8.19 hours - 21 hoursna uku ciyar

Walking

Yin tafiya kullum yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ya fi dacewa don kulawa da dabba. Ayyukan jiki na tallafa wa rayuwar masu sana'a, yana ƙarfafa lafiyarsa da rigakafi ga cututtuka, ya hana abin da ya faru da nauyin kima.

Bugu da ƙari, tafiya yana ƙarfafa ƙarfin tsoka da ƙashi.

Yi ado da kanka tare da jinsunan nama da yawa da aka sani da nau'in naman sa ga fattening, da kuma gano abin da aka yi amfani da ƙaho don yayi girma daga sa.

Yin tafiya a cikin masana'antar masana'antu ya kamata ya wuce akalla sa'o'i uku, kuma kushin don yin tafiya yana da akalla goma kadada kuma ya kasance da karfi. Walking ya kamata a sanye ta da rufi daga rana da ruwan sama, da kuma ruwan sha. Don saukaka tafiya na dabba, an sanya nauyin haɗari mai mahimmanci a hanci, wanda aka sanya bijimin a yayin tafiya.

Yana da muhimmanci! Babu haɗin tafiya tare da shanu da calves.

Samar da wuri ga mai

Wani mutum mai gwaninta da wani yanki na mita 3.0-3.3, da nisa mita daya da rabi kuma zurfin 2.0-2.2 m tare da partitions kashi biyu bisa uku na tsawon ya kamata a tanadi don dabba.

Bulus Na farko da aka kunsa - ƙwanƙara da ƙuƙwalwa tare da gangaren zuwa tarkon a 3-5 °, na biyu da aka rufe - katako na katako 1,5x2,5 tare da sashi na fasa a tsakiya na uku na jirgi; a kwance dole ne a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gina.

Idan an yi amfani da hanyoyi masu amfani da abun ciki, an yi amfani da kayan haɗin zane-sako guda biyu tare da takalmin ɗaure mai ɗaure. An zazzage tsawon layin daga lissafi don yarinya zai iya yardar kaina ya kwanta.

Yanayin tsarewa

Halin yanayin kiwo na dogara ne akan halaye da yanayin mutum, alal misali, baza'a iya yin kwantar da hankali ba, amma a cikin labarinmu zamu tattauna game da ka'idodin ka'idoji da kuma bukatun don yanayin da za a iya kiyaye magoya. Wurin kiyaye dabbobi dole ne ya dace da waɗannan bukatu:

  1. Haske mai kyau - duhu a cikin dakin zai iya haifar da torophy na jima'i glands. Hasken haske na halitta: (rabo na yankin glazing zuwa yankin na bene) 1: 10-1: 15; artificial lighting (a matakin feeders) - 55-80 Lux.
  2. Air zazzabi - 10 ° C.
  3. Dalilan zafi: max - 75%, min - 40%.
  4. Ruwa na iska: kakar sanyi da kuma kashe kakar - 0.3 m / s, dumi lokaci - 0.5 m / s.
  5. Matsakaicin haɓakaccen haɗari na gasesu masu guba: carbon dioxide - 0.25%, hydrogen nitride - 20 MG / cubic mita, dihydrosulfide - hanyoyi.

Shin kuna sani? Jakar yana da makaho kuma ba ta iya rarrabe launuka ba. A kan kullun, ba shine launi na rag da yake faranta masa rai ba, amma zancen kwakwalwa yana kange wani abu a gabansa.

Kula da bijimin

Kulawa da kyau, da kuma al'ada na al'ada, dole ne a bayar da su ga dabba tun daga farkon lokacin.

Babban ayyukan da kulawa da mai-kayan sana'a sun hada da:

  1. Tsabtacewa kullum da tsabtatawa tare da gogagge da ƙugiya. Shugaban yana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman (ɓangaren yanki, goshi da sarari a tsakanin ƙaho). Wannan zai hana bijimin da ciwon matsalolin fata. Yawancin dabbobi masu ƙazanta suna wanke da ruwan dumi kuma shafa bushe. Tare da yawan zafin jiki waje na +20 ° C kuma mafi, ana yin wanka a tafkunan ko wanke da ruwa daga tiyo.
  2. Tsanani na kulawa da hoofs. Yayin da suke girma, an tsabtace su lokaci-lokaci kuma tsabtace daga datti. Ana yin wannan sau biyu ko sau uku a shekara don kauce wa rauni ga dabba.
  3. Tsabtace lokacin wankewa da lakaran da aka yi da bijimin da ruwa mai dumi ya biyo baya tare da gogewa da tsabta mai tsabta. Domin ya hana kamuwa da kamuwa da kututture tare da mummunar tasiri akan haɓaka ta microbes, sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki goma ana amfani da prepuce tare da bayani na 3% na hydrogen peroxide ko kuma 0.02% na bayani na nitrofural. Wannan hanya tana kula da tsarki da lafiyar kwayoyin halitta na masana'antun, wanda a nan gaba za su sami tasiri mai tasiri a yayin da ake sarrafawa.

Tsaftacewa tsabtataccen ɗakin ajiya da kaya

Don tabbatar da lafiyar mai sana'a a cikin ɗakunan, yana da muhimmanci don kula da tsabta da tsaftacewar tsarin. Dama tare da bayani mai soda 2% ko hydrated lemun tsami. A lokacin wannan tsari, an cire dabba daga dakin.

Shin kuna sani? A Yammacin Sumatra, ana gudanar da jinsi a kai a kai.

Har ila yau, yana lalata kaya, abubuwa masu kulawa da sa, buƙata da kayayyakin aiki.

Ya kamata a canza kwanciya a kowace rana, kuma idan akwai tsabtace mai tsabta, sau da yawa a rana.

Hanyoyi na ciyar da shanu na masu samar da abinci: abinci, norms, Additives

Cikakken abinci shine tabbacin tsarin al'ada na tsarin haihuwa da kuma matuƙar abubuwan da suka dace. Rushewa a ciyarwa, ƙara yawan kyawawan abinci da rashin daidaituwa don ciyar da abincin da ake ci da gamete.

Abinci na dabba ya zama mai arziki a abinci mai gina jiki.

Bukatu na yau da kullum don samar da makamashi ba iri ɗaya ba, yana canzawa dangane da nauyin da aka yi a kan sa.

Na dabam, ya kamata a ce game da additives don ciyar da dabbobi. Ana gabatar da su a cikin abincin da ake ciki a rashin rashin cikakken tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da kuma karuwar nauyin jima'i. A cikin hunturu, wani sakamako mai kyau a kan ingancin gabatarwa ta musanyawa cikin abincin abincin dabbobi, bitamin da kuma ma'adanai. Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa a cikin jini, kifi, nama da naman nama, gwaninta madara (50-400 g a kowace rana), madara mai yalwa (2-3 l), ƙwai kaza (3 zuwa 5 inji).

Ma'adinai na salts, incl. gishiri mai gishiri, abubuwan da ke kunshe da phosphorus, salts na microelements an ba bisa ga ka'idoji.

Shin kuna sani? Mafi yawan bijimai a duniya shine watusi bull. Tsawon ƙaho yana daga 1.5 zuwa 2.4 mita.

Don manufar bitamin daidaitawa dabam dabam, ana kara waɗannan abubuwa kamar haka:

  1. Yarda da yisti.
  2. Wheatgrass.
  3. Masara da kuma sha'ir.
  4. Girman yanki.
  5. Ganye gari.
  6. Granules.
  7. Vitamin shirye-shirye na kungiyoyin A, D, E.

Yin amfani da bitamin A (a cikin 1g 500 000 IU), maida hankali akan bitamin D2, an shirya shirye-shirye na bitamin D3.

A cikin lokacin ba na bazara ba

A lokacin da ba a bazara ba, bijimin bijimin yana buƙatar 0.8-1.2 raunin kuɗin tattalin arziki ta tsakiya. Hanyoyin ciyar da dabba a wannan lokacin sune kamar haka:

AlamarNauyin nauyi, kg
600700800900100011001200
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki7,07,88,49,19,710,210,8
Musayar musayar, MJ7078849197102108
Jimbin abu, kg8,79,710,511,312,012,713,4
Furotin furotin, g1010112012051305138514701550
Furotin digestible, g610680730790840890940
Rumen-cleaved protein, g627698752815868913967
Wadanda ba a iya kwance a cikin kwayar rumen ba, g383422453490517567583
Lizin.g61687379848994
Methionine, g31343740414547
Tryptophan, g22242628303234
Raba fiber, g2175242526002825300031753350
Starch, g6707508058709259801035
Sugar, g610680730790840890940
Gubar mai, g260290310340360380400
Salt, g40404550505560
Kwayoyin, g40404550505560
Phosphorus, g24272932343538
Magnesium, g12141618202224
Potassium, g60708090100110120
Sulfur, g18212427303336
Iron MG480535570620660700740
Copper MG8590100110115120130
Zinc, MG350390415450480510535
Cobalt MG6,57,37,88,59,09,510,1
Manganese, MG435485520565600635670
Iodine MG6.57.37.88.59.09.510.1
Carotene MG350390415450500550600
Vitamin D dubu ME7,28,49,610,812,013,214,4
Vitamin E, MG260290310340360380400
ECE taro

a cikin 1 kg na busassun kwayoyin halitta

0,800,800,800,800,800,800,80
Furotin Digestible

a kan 1 YA, g

87878787878787
Sugar-furotin rabo1,01,01,01,01,01,01,0

A wannan lokacin

Ana ciyar da ciyarwa a wannan lokacin dangane da nauyin da aka yi a kan satar mai. Wannan zai faɗi kadan a kasa. Duk da haka, doka ta gaba ita ce ciyar da dabba bayan jima'i.

Tare da matsakaicin matsaya (1 cajin a kowane mako)

A girke-girke na abinci mai haɗi don mai sayarwa a cikin kilogiram 1000 da matsakaicin matsayi

Sunan Nau'inAbun ciki%
Ground Corn16
Rulled hatsi ko sha'ir25
Ƙungiyar alkama15
Gishiri ko waken soya20
Kifi abinci5
Ciyar da yisti5
Sugar, molasses10
Ciyar da phosphate1
Salt1
Ma'adinai mai yalwaci1

Tare da ƙarin ƙaya (2-3 caji a kowace mako)

A wannan lokacin, mai sana'a yana kimanin fiye da kilogiram 1000 yana buƙatar harkar kayan abinci na 15-18. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙayyadaddun ka'idodin ciyar da dabba ɗaya a kowace rana tare da karuwa.

AlamarNauyin nauyi, kg
60070080090010001100120013001400
Ciyar da kashi7,88,79,310,110,811,412,012,512,9
Musayar musayar, MJ90100108116124131138144148
Dry matter, kg9,210,210,911,912,713,414,114,715,2
Furotin furotin, g186520082225241525852725287029903085
Furotin digestible, g113012601350146515651655174018151870
Raba fiber, g184020402180238025402680282029403040
Starch, g124513901485161017251820191519952055
Sugar, g113012601350146515651655174018151870
Gubar mai, g370410440480510540565590610
Gishiri gishiri, g556065707580859095
Kwayoyin, g556065707580859095
Phosphorus, g475256606570758085
Magnesium, g242832364044485256
Potassium, g728496108120132144156168
Sulfur, g303540455055606570
Iron MG505560600655700735775810835
Copper MG8595105115120125135140145
Zinc, MG370410435475510535565590610
Cobalt MG6,97,78,28,99,510,110,611,0011,4
Manganese, MG460510545595635670705735760
Iodine MG6,97,78,28,99,510,110,611,011,4
Carotene MG48056064072080088096010401120
Vitamin D, dubu IU9,010,512,013,515,016,518,019,521,0
Vitamin E, MG275305325355380400425440455

Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin ƙwayar abinci da kuma carbohydrate yana ci gaba da haifar da nau'in samfur kuma ya kai ga mai mai.

M rage cin abinci da mai kowace rana.

AbincinLokacin hunturuLokacin rani
Nauyin nauyi, kg
8009001000110080090010001100
Hay hatsi da wake7,28,39,2106666
Masara silage5555----
Naman alade5555----
Red Carrot4444----
Grass hatsi da wake----15182023
Ciyar4,14,44,75,03,53,94,14,4
Salt, g6068758360687583

Yin mating

Akwai hanyoyi uku don yin mating. Sun bambanta dangane da yawan aiki da kuma farashin abin da ake bukata. Yi la'akari da waɗannan hanyoyi.

Matsalar halitta

Dalilin wannan hanya shine a cikin gaskiyar cewa mai sana'a yana ci gaba da shanu.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin yin amfani da jingina ta jiki don rigakafin cututtuka na buƙatar kulawar dabbobi na yau da kullum.

A kan gudu

A cikin wannan hanya, namiji yana zaune tare da mata a cikin makiyaya kuma yana kwantar da su a lokacin mafi girma da zubar da jima'i na saniya. A wannan lokacin mace kanta tana yarda da namiji.

Hanyar ba shi da tartsatsi saboda tsanani flaws:

  1. Mai samarwa yana rufe ɗaya saniya, kuma sauran ya rage ba tare da hadi ba.
  2. Saboda gaskiyar cewa namiji zai iya rufe wata sãniya sau 4-5 a rana, duka shi da mace suna da sauri.
  3. Saboda sauyawa na kwari, yana da wuya a ƙayyade ainihin maraƙin.

Machine

Tare da wannan hanya, an shigar da bijimin ga saniya a lokacin mafi girma daga jima'i. Hanyar yana da kyau saboda zaka iya sarrafa haɗin kai. Tare da wannan hanya, siren zai iya rufe fiye da 200 shanu a kowace shekara.

Amma akwai yanayin: tsohuwar magunguna, ƙananan dole ne ya sami mata. Don kaucewa cutar da sa, ya kamata ya sami fiye da biyu heifers a rana, sannan rana ta hutawa.

A tsakar rana (a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan), an ciyar da mace, ana wanke jikinsa kuma kawai an kawo bijimin. An ba namiji hutawa don ƙara haɓaka da kuma inganta ingancin haɓaka, sa'an nan kuma haɓakawa ana gudanar da shi a karkashin kulawar wani gwani.

Ana yin shari'ar ta amfani da na'ura na musamman. Yaron ya kasance a ciki tare da kafafunsa na gaba, saboda haka nauyinsa ya faɗo a kan na'ura, ba a kan mace ba. A ciki a wannan lokaci sun yi hasken wuta da kuma tsayar da shiru. Don amintacce bayan rabin rana ana maimaita tsari.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata taron ya faru ne kawai a rana. Da dare, an cire ma'aurata daga juna.

Artificial kwari

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce ta bada damar:

  1. Dangane da zaɓin da aka zaɓa domin ƙara yawan ƙarancin garken.
  2. Rage nauyi a kan masana'antun.
  3. Yafi sauƙi don amfani da zaura-mai kwari.
  4. Yi la'akari da rage farashin hadi.
  5. Rage dogara a kan jihar wani mai sana'a: a cikin yanayin cuta mai cutar, babu buƙatar canza dabba, amma zaka iya amfani da kayan kayan da aka saya.

Ƙara koyo game da hanyoyin hanyoyin kwantar da shanu a gida.

An aiwatar da kwari artificial ta hanyoyi uku:

  1. Tsarin aiki.
  2. Manocervical.
  3. Rectocervical.
Bari muyi magana akan wadannan hanyoyi.

Hanyar biyewa. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta amfani da sirinji, tsinkaye mai zurfi da haske. Haɗarin hanyar - madubi zai iya zama tushen sepsis.

Hanyar manocervical. Sperm, ta amfani da ampoule polymeric, wanda aka haɗa da catheter ƙananan polymeric cututtuka, an saka shi sosai cikin cervix tare da hannu a cikin salatin polyethylene kwalba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Cizon artificial yana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin jima'i na shanu.
Hanyar da za a bi. Dalilin hanyar: likita na musamman (mai shayarwa) yana yin kwari tare da hannun da aka sanya a cikin farji (a cikin kwalba na filastik) tare da pipette, yana fitar da tsalle-tsalle. Tsarin kulawa da yanayin jin dadi ga ƙudan zuma suna da tabbacin kyakkyawan sakamako wajen kara garken, ajiye da inganta irin.