Dabbar Jersey yana daya daga cikin tsoffin shanu da aka kiwo a daji. An nuna nauyin nauyin nauyi - har zuwa 500 kg, da kuma babban abincin mai madara - har zuwa 6%. Kayan daji na shanu na Jersey sun hada da abubuwan da ake buƙata, wanda ya sa su zama mashahuri tsakanin manoma a Amurka, Birtaniya da wasu kasashen Turai.
Tarihin tarihin da bayanin
Namun shanu na Jersey suna da biyayya sosai. Daban yana da nau'in kiwo, amma Birtaniya ya bude wani abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa - zuma da shanu masu tsada suna amfani da su na kayan ado na wuraren shakatawa a wurare masu ci gaba. 
Asalin
Yanayin asali na asali ne game da. Jersey (Birtaniya), saboda haka sunan. A wannan lokacin - wannan ita ce mafi tsufa irin na Algion. Watakila iyayen kakannin Jersey suna shanu ne daga Normandy a kusa da shekara ta 1700.
Shin kuna sani? Shanu a mafi yawan al'ummomi na duniya suna daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na kyauta ko amarya.
Hanyoyin waje
Girman siffofin:
- wakilai na jinsi suna karami, tare da jiki mai kyau;
- nauyin bijimai - 520-800 kg, shanu suna yin la'akari kaɗan - kimanin kilo 400-500;
- tsawo a withers - 125 cm;
- kwat da wando - launin ruwan kasa;
- launin gashi ya bambanta daga launin duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa, bijimai suna da duhu launi fiye da shanu;
- Dark madubi na duhu tare da gashin gashi, wanda ya sa fuska ta yi kama da deer;
- Gabatarwa ta gaba yana da lakabi, wuyansa yana da tsawo da kuma bakin ciki;
- madauri mai nauyin siffar, mai dacewa don milking;
- musculature a cikin shanu ba sosai pronounced.
Abincin da abincin kiwo
Girma yawan aiki:
- shekara-shekara madara yawan amfanin ƙasa - 5000-5500 l;
- madara mai abun ciki - 6-7%;
- dandano madara yana da tsawo;
- da kirki yakan tashi da sauri sosai kuma ya samar da iyaka mai tsabta tare da sauran madara;
- abubuwan gina jiki a madara - har zuwa 4%;
- nau'in ya kasance daga matukar tsufa: matan shanu suna iya haifar da zuriya daga shekaru 2.5;
- da shekaru biyu, wakilai na jinsin samun nauyin nauyin nauyin, da kuma calves, wanda ba za a yi amfani da ita a kan kabilar ba, za a iya zanawa;
- da fitarwa na nama a kasa shine 51-55%;
- tun da irin ba shine nama ba, dandano nama shine matsakaici.
Shin kuna sani? An yi nasarar amfani da bijimai na Jersey a cikin Hukumar ta USSR don inganta ƙwayar mai madara da madarar sauran nau'o'in da kuma kara yawan amfanin su.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Ayyuka na irin sun hada da:
- Wadannan shanu suna da bukatar samaniya ga mahalli fiye da wakilan sauran nau'o'in;
- high halaye na madara dangane da mai abun ciki da madara yawan amfanin ƙasa, da dandano;
- undemanding waje kiwo;
- buƙatar ƙananan abinci fiye da sauran nau'in rassan;
- farkon balaga;
- rauni a calving yana da kasa da sauran, saboda ƙananan nauyin nau'i da ƙananan calves;
- low maintenance da kuma kulawa halin kaka;
- saboda tsarin jiki bai dace da cututtuka na ƙafa ba.
Daga cikin raunuka za a iya lura da su:
- a ƙasashen CIS sun kusan ba su hadu;
- Maza suna da m;
- Ana la'akari da su marasa amfani ga ƙananan gonaki da suka kware a cikin nama da kiwo saboda nauyin nauyin su.
Maintenance da kula
Dabbobi na Jersey ba su buƙatar yanayi na musamman na tsare da tafiya. Suna da isasshen ka'idodin da suka dace don rayuwa mai dadi da kuma rike samar da madara mai girma. Aikin yau da kullum na saniya yakan kunshi:
- safe milking;
- tafiya;
- ya dawo cikin sito;
- yamma milking.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dabbobi suna jure wa yanayin zafi maras kyau, don haka suna iya kasancewa a kan kewayon yayin tsawon lokacin ciyawa.
Tafiya yana tafiya ƙasa
Shanu suna amfani da kayan kiwo. Saboda nauyin nauyin su, ba su tattake ciyawa da kuma ciyar da tafiya ba tare da jinkiri ba, kusan kusan 24 hours a rana a cikin dumi. Yankin kushin wuri ne mai fadi inda za'a iya ciyar da masu ciyar da masu sha. 
An yi amfani da shi maimakon tafiya a lokacin rani ko hunturu, don haka dabbobi ba su damewa a cikin sito a cikin tasu ba, tun da yake wannan mummunan yana rinjayar tsokoki. Dogaro da kango a kan irin wannan dandamali ya zama wajibi ne don shanu zasu iya karewa daga ruwan sama ko kuma hasken rana. Yankin tafiya ya kamata ya zama mita takwas. m da 1 shugaban.
Bincike irin wannan nau'in shanu na shanu: Holstein, Ayrshire, Dutch, Red Steppe, Kholmogorskaya, Yaroslavl da Black-da-White.
Shiryawa na sito
A cikin sito, ana ajiye dabbobi a wurare daban-daban. Siffofin sintaka: yanki - game da mita 2. m, tsawon - ba kasa da 1.7 m, nisa - ba kasa da 1.1 m, tsawo na shinge - ba fiye da 1.5 m A cikin gaba na shinge akwai matakan abinci kamar 1 m fadi, kuma a cikin baya suna yin mafita don slurry Zurfin zurfin shine kimanin 10 cm, nisa - 20 cm Adadin da ake buƙata na feeders - 2. Daya daga cikin su an tsara don hay, na biyu - don ciyarwa mai da hankali. 
Game da masu sha, suna iya yin karfe, itace ko filastik. Za a iya amfani da bene a cikin ɗakin ajiya a cikin nau'i biyu: sare da itace. Dukansu iri-iri suna da alamu: ƙwallon ƙafa ya kasa bayan shekaru 2-3, kuma abin da ke tattare yana da sanyi sosai a lokacin hunturu kuma mai saukin kamuwa da sanyi. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu gonaki suna hada iri biyu: an sanya lags a kan wani tushe, kuma an kafa dakin dabara akan su tare da raga mai noma a cikin mai daji.
Yanayi masu dadi
Dabbobin Jersey suna jure yanayin yanayi mai sanyi, don haka ba a buƙatar ƙararraki na barn ba, yana da isa don samun kyakkyawan bene da kuma samun iska mai kyau. Ana yin amfani da hasken rumbun ta hanyar yin amfani da hasken wuta tare da maɓallin haske a cikin ɗakin. Haske na halitta zai iya fitowa ta cikin rami mai haske akan rufin ginin. 
Manufar daidaitawa don samun iska ita ce tsarin samarwa da ƙazantarwa, an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar shayar da bututu a cikin rufi da kuma tashoshin abinci a cikin ganuwar dakin. A cikin manyan barns, ana iya amfani da magoya baya don kawar da yankunan iska da ya dace da kuma saurin haɓaka iska. Dole ne kada a shiga ɗakunan ciki, domin yana taimakawa wajen ƙara haɓaka.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi girma a cikin duniya, wanda ake kira Big Moo, yana zaune a Australia. Tsawansa shine 1.9 m, kuma nauyinsa ya fi ton.
Ana wanke
A yau akwai fasaha masu tasiri na tsaftacewa. Shirin motsa jiki shi ne bututu tare da takarda mai mahimmanci na musamman kuma yana ƙarƙashin ganga. Dung nada lokacin da tsaftace tsararraki ya shiga cikin bututu kuma an cire shi a cikin tanki na musamman. Za'a iya amfani da wanke ruwa, amma hakan ma yana kara yawan zafi a dakin, ko da yake yana da tasiri.
Ana bada shawara don tsabtace turken shanu daga taki sau 2 a rana kafin milking. An maye gurbin bene kamar yadda ya zama datti da damp. Ana tsaftace masu ciyar da masu sha a akalla sau 2 a wata. An yi nasiha akan lokaci 1 a kowane wata ko kuma kamar yadda ake buƙata, misali, lokacin gano dabbobi marasa lafiya.
Dokar cin abinci da abinci
Dalilin dabarun shanu shine ganye, kuma a cikin hunturu hay da silage, wanda shine taro na musamman, "kiyaye" a lokacin rani. Abinda ke ciki na silo zai iya hada da:
- ciyawa;
- kayan lambu;
- masara;
- sunflower
Koyi yadda zaka ciyar da sãniya maras kyau.
Subtleties kiwo matasa dabbobi
Matukar jima'i a shanu na Jersey ya zo shekaru 2. An haifi ɗan maraƙin farko a cikin shekaru 2.5-3. Lokacin jima'i yana nuna damuwa da saniyar saniya: ta daɗaɗɗa, hauka, yana dauke da halayen halayya, labia ta cika, wani asiri na sirri yana fitowa daga maras kyau. Don yin jima'i da jaririn podlinkayut ga saniya 2 hours da safe da maraice. Idan an hayar da sãniya, to, a cikin kwanaki 10-15 da yanayin farauta ya ɓace.
Yana da muhimmanci! Jersey ita ce ta fi dacewa da duk yanayin yanayi saboda tarihin d ¯ a. Har ila yau, suna da karfi da rigakafi idan aka kwatanta da sauran dangi.
Tunawa a saniya yana da kwanaki 265-300. Kafin yin kira, an canja shi zuwa busassun itace, yawan amfanin ƙasa madara yana raguwa kuma a hankali yana dakatarwa kamar yadda saniya ta shirya domin lactation da haihuwa. Wannan lokacin yana ɗaukar kwanaki 60-70. A wannan lokacin, an cire abincin mai daɗi daga abinci, yana barin ta da zafi. Kafin soki, saniya fara farawa daga kafa zuwa ƙafa, ci kadan kuma yana sha. Daga farji ɓoye ɓoyewar mucous, jariri ya karu. 
Kafin ba da haihuwar sãniya tana kwance a gefe. A yayin aiki, tarin jaririn yana fitowa daga farjinta, yana da kansa. An katse igiya mai launi, an tsabtace fili na numfashin maraƙi na ƙoshin lafiya kuma an rufe shi a wata saniya don yin laka. An haifi maraƙi matsakaici-sized - kimanin kilo 25. Kamar kowane ƙyallen, yana bukatar colostrum don wanke ciki bayan haihuwa.
Mahimmancin "mai zane" ba shi da adadin launin colostrum, saboda haka ana iya sanya ɗan maraƙi na dan lokaci zuwa wani sãniya wanda ya zama zaunar. Wata na fari maraƙi yana sha kamar madara mai yawa kamar yadda ya dace. Daga 10th rana za'a iya ba shi wata ƙwayar hayaniya, daga cikin watanni 1.5 da aka dasa kayan lambu mai kyau a cikin abinci.
A cikin watanni uku, an yarda cewa maraƙin ya riga ya dace da abinci kuma zai iya cin abinci kamar dabbobi masu girma. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, kula da shanu na Jersey yana amfani da gonar. Dabbobi basu da kyau, ba su buƙatar sharuɗɗa na musamman, amma suna kawo adadi mai yawa mai madara.
Ra'ayoyin:
