Cibiyar Nazarin Giya da Tsirrai ta '' Magarach '' ta Yalta ita ce tsohuwar cibiyar kimiyya a wannan fannin. An kafa shi kusan ƙarni biyu da suka gabata - a cikin 1828. A cikin wannan babban lokaci, 'Magarach' ya zama ba kawai don kyawawan giya da aka samar a masana'anta iri ɗaya ba, da kuma kyawawan nau'ikan innabi. Kwalejin ajiya ce ta keɓaɓɓun tarin abubuwa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin masana kimiyya: ampelographic, lambobi sama da dubu uku da rabi girma iri da kuma siffofin inabi; fiye da dubu iri na microorganisms amfani da giya; Enoteca, inda ake tara kwalaben giya sama da dubu ashirin da dubu ɗaya. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan innabi da theungiyar ta shayarwa dangane da waɗannan abubuwan arziki za'a ƙara tattaunawa.
Yawancin halittun Cibiyar "Magarach"
Shekaru-tsohuwar gwaninta na kungiyar masu giya ta Crimea, ma’aikatan sashen zaba da kayan alatun inabi na Cibiyar “Magarach” da ke cikin sabbin ire-iren innabi. Wannan aikin ya ci gaba tun bayan kafuwar cibiyar kimiyya. A zamanin yau a Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, 'ya'yan itacen inabi suna cikin ƙarni na uku na inabõbi suna girma, suna da juriya game da mummunan tasirin yanayin. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna dauke da suna wanda sunan makarantar ke yin sauti: Kyautar Magarach, Farko na Magarach, Centaur na Magarach, Antey Magarach, Tavkveri na Magarach, Ruby Magaracha, Bastardo Magarachsky da sauransu. A cikin duka, akwai guda biyu da rabi dozin irin waɗannan suna cikin jerin nau'ikan tarin ampelographic na cibiyar, akwai ma fi yawancinsu a cikin sunayen da ake da su..
Centarni-da-sannu gwaninta na Crimean giya ma'aikata ma'aikata na sashen zaɓi da ilmin halittar inabi na Cibiyar "Magarach" embody a cikin sabon irin vines
Game da wasu nau'in innabi "Magaracha" ƙari
Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke Cibiyar Magarach suna da fasaha, watau, ana nufin amfani da su ne a cikin giya. Yawancinsu suna girma ne ta hanyar mabiya ruwan giyar a cikin makircinsu a cikin Crimea, yankuna na kudancin Rasha da Ukraine. An jawo hankalin su ba kawai ga inabi da giya da aka samo daga inabi ba, waɗanda ke da kyawawan halaye na masu siye, har ma da 'ya'yan itacen wasu nau'ikan kansu, waɗanda ke da dandano da ƙanshi iri-iri ana cinye su sabo.
Citron Magaracha
Wannan matsakaiciyar lokacin girbin inabi ta samu ta hanyar tsallake dawainiya dayawa da iri iri daya
Wannan matattarar lokacin girbin 'ya'yan inabi da aka samu ta hadaddun tsallake-tsalle da yawa da nau'ikan: matasan da aka samo daga nau'ikan iyayen Magarach 2-57-72 kuma an haye Rkatsiteli tare da Novoukrainsky da wuri. Ta haka ne ya bayyana Magarach 124-66-26, lokacin da aka haye shi tare da Madeleine Anzhevin inabi, kuma an ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in Citron Magaracha. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙanshi na marmara ne suka ba shi, sunan sabon abu ga' ya'yan inabi, ana iya ganin sa cikin giya da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Wannan nau'in innabi ya shahara musamman lokacin da a cikin 1998 suka kirkiro giyar “White Muscatel”, wacce ta sami manyan abubuwan yabo a gasa ta duniya a 1999-2001.
Kurangar inabi ta Citron Magarach suna da ƙarfi ko matsakaiciyar ƙarfi, harbewa yayi kyau sosai. Furanni na Bisexual sune tabbacin kyakkyawar pollination, sakamakon abin da ake kafa gungu waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin Silinda, wani lokacin haɗuwa akan mazugi, tare da fuka-fuki. Domin inabi masana'antu, sun kasance m. Berries na matsakaici girman da siffar zagaye, ripening, samun launin rawaya na bakin ciki mai kauri kuma mai ƙarfi ko zama ɗan ƙaramin fure mai ɗan kwalliya. A cikin inabi m m tsaba. Yawancin suna da dandano mai jituwa da ƙanshin asali tare da bayanan haske na muscat da Citrus. Citron Magaracha yana da karuwar juriya ga cututtukan da ke haifar da fungi, yana da rigakafin cutar phylloxera.
Kwanaki 120-130 bayan fara kakar girma, girbin wannan nau'in innabi ya girka.
- Matsakaicin nauyin buroshi shine gram 230.
- Matsakaicin nauyin berries shine gram 5-7.
- Abun sukari shine 250-270 g / l ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yayin da acid a cikin ɗayan su shine gram 5-7.
- Mafi kyawun wurin ciyar da daji ɗaya shine 6 m2 (2x3 m).
- A iri-iri ne da 'ya'yan itace, 138 kadada na berries an tattara daga wannan hectare.
- Citron Magaracha yana haƙuri da rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu zuwa -25 ºС.
A kan ma'aunin maki takwas na dandanawar dandano, giya mai bushe daga Citron Magarach ta sami maki 7.8, da giya mai kayan zaki - maki 7.9.
Inabi Citron Magaracha yana buƙatar daidaitawa da nauyin akan itacen inabi, tun lokacin cunkoso yana haifar da asara a cikin ingancin amfanin gona da kuma jinkiri cikin narkar da shi. A cikin girbin girbi na kaka, ana bada shawarar barin ƙima sama da idanu talatin akan daji, an yanke harbe-harbe sosai - don ƙwaya 2-4.
Vines na Citron Magaracha iri-iri suna da matsakaici ko girma, sabili da haka, a lokacin furanni, ana aiwatar da rabe-raye. Yawan gungu wanda aka bari akan harbe ya dogara da shekaru da ƙarfin daji.
A cikin yankuna inda yanayin hunturu ba ya isa ga iyakar ƙimar -25 the don Citron Magaracha iri-iri, ana iya girma inabi a cikin hanyar da ba a bayyana ba, a wasu wuraren wajibi ne don rufe inabi ta amfani da fasaha na yau da kullun ga wannan nau'in shuka.
Bidiyo: yin farin giya daga Citron Magarach (part 1)
Bidiyo: yin farin giya daga Citron Magarach (part 2)
Magaracha da wuri
An buge shi ta hanyar tsallaka baki na Kishmish baki da Madeleine Anzhevin
Bambancin Magaracha shine tebur baki mai launi. An buge shi ta hanyar tsallake baki na Kishmish da Madeleine Anzhevin.
Bushes na wannan innabi suna da babban girma girma. Furannin farkon Manarach na bisexual ne, wanda aka kafa manyan gungu masu girma ko matsakaita. Siffar goga na iya bambanta daga mazugi-kamar zuwa m-conical. Yawancin berries a cikin taro yana da matsakaici, yana da ɗan sako-sako.
Inabi na farkon Magarach na iya zama m ko zagaye. A lokacin da ya manyanta, sukan sami launin shuɗi mai duhu kuma ana rufe su da wani abin rufe ido da ke fili. A ƙarƙashin fata mai ƙarfi na berries, m ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ma'ana tare da ɗanɗano mai sauƙi yana ɓoye. A cikin innabi 2-3 na tsaba. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace na farkon Magarach ruwan hoda.
Wannan innabi gaba daya yana kawar da cutar tare da launin toka, kamar yadda yake farfadowa a farkon matakan. Zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar mildew da phylloxera. Winter Hardness na inabõbi ne mai rauni. Cikakke berries sukan lalacewa ta hanyar wasps da tururuwa.
Berries na farkon Magarach sun haɗu a cikin kwanaki 120, idan yanayin zafi a cikin jimlar ya kasance akalla 2300 ºС.
Sauran Manuniya:
- Girma da yawa suna girma da girma ta hanyar kashi 80% ta kaka.
- Matsakaicin ma'aunin tarin inabi na wannan nau'in daga: 16-22 cm - tsayi, 14-19 cm - nisa.
- Matsakaicin nauyin goga yana daga 0.3, wani lokacin har zuwa kilogram 0.5.
- Matsakaicin nauyin berries ya kai gram 2.6.
- Kowane Berry yana da tsaba 3-4.
- A kan harbe da aka ci gaba, an ɗaure ɓangarorin 0.8 a matsakaita, gungu 1.3 a kan matsakaita a kowace harbi mai ba da 'ya'ya.
- Sanyin juriya sanyi -18 ºС.
Ganin ƙananan ƙarancin hunturu na farkon Magaracha inabi, ana bada shawara don haɓaka shi ta hanyar rufewa, kuma don wannan ya samar da shi ta hanyar fan fann hannu da yawa ba tare da kara ba. 5-8 idanu sun rage a kan 'ya'yan itacen harbe a lokacin kaka, dangane da abin da ake zargin lalacewar a lokacin hunturu ne. Yakamata a sami idanu har arba'in a kowane daji.
A cikin wuraren da farkon barazanar 'ya'yan inabi Magaracha ba ta yanayin hunturu ba, ana iya girma a kan kara daga nisan mita 0.7 kuma za'a iya kafa ta kamar garkuwa biyu.
Don kare Magarach Early daga cututtukan fungal da kwari, dole ne a kula dashi da yawa yayin kakar tare da fungicides da kwari. A lokacin fari, Magaracha na farko yana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa.
A lokacin da grafting da dama, yana da kyau shuka shi a kan hannun jari da suke resistant zuwa phylloxera.
Kyautar Magarach
Kyautar Magarach tana da farkon zuwa matsakaiciyar balaga
An samo kyaututtuka iri-iri na Magarach ta hanyar tsallake inabi Rkatsiteli da kuma nau'ikan Magarach 2-57-72, wanda aka karɓa daga biyu na Sochi baki da Mtsvane Kakheti. Sakamakon haka, farin inabi na fari-matsakaiciyar shura ta bayyana. Wannan darasi ne na fasaha, ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar cognacs, farin giya, ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yanzu Kyautar Magarach tayi girma a Hungary, Moldova, Ukraine, a kudancin Rasha.
Daga farkon kwararar ruwan itace zuwa tarin cikakke, kwanaki 125-135 suka shude. Vines na wannan iri-iri na matsakaici ne ko ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Harbe ya girma sosai. Furanni akan bidiyon bisexual.
Bunches na matsakaici matsakaici - matsakaicin nauyin su shine gram 150-200. An tsara su ta hanyar silinda. Yawan su matsakaici ne. Berries da ke da matsakaicin nauyin nauyin 1.8 suna zagaye a cikin siffar. Launin fatar yana fari fari, idan 'ya'yan inabin suka bushe, sai su yi launin shuɗi. Ciki ne, na bakin ciki. Jikin Berry shine ɗan mucous. Tasteanshi mai daɗi ba shi da ƙanshi mai daɗi. A cikin lita ɗaya na ruwan 'ya'yan innabi na wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi 21% zuwa 25% sukari da 8-10 grams na acid.
Daga wannan kadada na gonar inabin za ku iya samun tan 8.5 na berries. Kyauta na Magarach yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -25 ºС.
A maki 2.5-3, an tantance juriyarsa akan mildew; iri-iri na iya jurewa da phylloxera. A cikin shekarun yaduwar cututtukan fungal na inabõbi, magani mai hana 2-3 na gonar inabin tare da fungicides ya zama dole.
Suna amfani da inabin giya, amma ba a amfani da shi sabo. A cikin aikin giya daga inabi Kyauta na Magarach, ana buƙatar ƙari na sulfites da yisti giya.
Hanya mafi kyau, Kyautar Magarach tana ji a cikin yankuna na kudanci na Ukraine da Rasha, a Moldova, inda ake samun isasshen zafi da haske. Ana iya girma kamar ba a buɗe ba ko a cikin hanyar arbor. Lokacin da girbi na kaka a kan itacen inabi ya zama ba idanu sama da 50 ba, harbe yanke zuwa 3-4 buds. Kayan daji na kyautar Magarach dole ne a daidaita shi, ya bar gungu biyu a kan harbin.
Reviews of masu kungiyar giya game da irin zabin Cibiyar "Magarach"
Shuka PM PM a cikin bazara (Kyautar Magarach). Don dalilai daban-daban, an makara - tsakiyar watan Mayu. Da farko munyi bacci, sannan farkawa kuma muka kama kowa. A cikin shekarar farko: haɓaka tana da ƙarfi, stepawan mata (wanda da farko na ji tsoron ƙarewa) suma sun yi kyau. Yana da inuwa mai launi, daji yana da sauƙin rarrabewa da wasu. Mildew ya riƙe ta da kyau, ko da yake saboda rashin sani ne na ba da izinin fashewar cutar. Bushesazana bushes fiye da 4-5 ƙananan ganye. Kusan koyaushe yana da sabo ko da mene ne, wanda ya faranta mini rai matuƙar jinƙina na cikin zazzaɓi. Zuwa Oktoba, kashi 80 cikin dari sun girma. Zan yi ƙoƙari in bar tarin gwaji idan ya ci nasara da kyau.
Dmitry 87//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9290
A cikin gonar inabinsa akwai wannan nau'in (Citron Magaracha). Daji ne saurayi, don haka ba zan iya amsa da tambaya ɗaya kawai: Ban ga abin fashe fashe ba, kodayake a cikin zafin rana na bara yana ambaliya da shi sau da yawa sosai. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, babu alamun alamun ciwo, yanzu na kama kadan mildew, amma na sami nasarar dakatarwa da sauri. Ban sani ba game da juriya sanyi, ina da shi a murfin Ba a riga an shirya giya da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba: muna cin abinci mai ɗaci mai ɗaci sosai na berries kai tsaye daga daji. Shuka da kyau, ba matsala. Ina son wannan nau'in A wannan shekara, kusan dukkanin harbe sun ba gungu uku. Ban zama al'ada ba har zuwa lokacin da nauyin ya motsa sosai, rawanin an tanƙwara.
Nadezhda Nikolaevna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=556
Ya jure shi (Early Magaracha) na dogon lokaci saboda lokacin da yake da wuri sosai kuma yana da daɗin ɗanɗano marigold. Tabbas, akwai wani lokacin da nayi tunanin amfani dashi azaman giya. Koyaya, bayan tsawan lokaci na yanke shawarar rabuwa dashi. Ban yi farin ciki da komai ba fiye da kilogiram 5-7 suna rataye a kan daji mai shekaru 10 masu ƙarfi. Babban mai nuna alama na mildew, bayan shi har yanzu akwai wasu ranakun na yau da kullun na dabaru don jiyya. Duk da haka, Na tambayi maƙwabta na a tsakiyar watan Agusta don gwada shi (yawanci 'ya'yan sun ci rabin-cikakke) - ɗanɗano bai yi rauni ba, ba ya inganta. Gabaɗaya, idan ba tare da yin lissafi a kasuwa ba, amma don kai kaɗai, daidai ne. A kan bushes na farkon Magarach an grad da Flora, White Flame, Harold. Powerfularfi sosai girma na scion. A alurar riga kafi ta bara, Laura 4 (albeit ba babba sosai) grones. A shekara mai zuwa Ina fatan samun cikakken amfanin gona. Wannan zabin ya fi dacewa da ni.
Kryn//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8376
Kalmar “maharach” kanta, kamar yadda aka faɗa a cikin kamus ɗin “Harshen Odessa. Kalmomi da jumlar magana”, na nufin “ruwan inabi”. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa an ba wa wannan Cibiyar Winemaking da Viticulture, inda da yawa kyawawan nau'ikan waɗannan kuranan na sihiri, an bidan su, 'ya'yan itacen waɗanda duka biyun za su sha, abinci, da farin ciki. Tabbas, ya zama mafi sauki ga mazauna kudu suyi girma iri iri na Magarach, amma har ma a yanayin da ƙasa ba ta dace da wannan ba, masu son viticulture suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka su kuma ba ci nasara ba.
