Tsakiyar kaji, a gaskiya, su ne hybrids. Lokacin da zakara na daya daga bisani aka ketare tare da kaji na wasu iri, sun sami giciye. Wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa, tun da yake dole ne a zabi mai wakiltar wakilin ka na musamman da mata masu karfi da kuma mafi karfi (akwai wasu da dama, har ma da dama). Zootechnicians suna da siffofi na musamman ta hanyar tsallakawa ya faru, kuma a wasu lokuta har ma da karfin jini yana halatta. Bari mu ga abin da gicciye ke rataye kaji ana dauke shi mafi kyau ga jagoran kwai.
Abubuwan:
- Abubuwan da za a zaba don zaɓin hens
- Mafi wakilai
- Tsarin gishiri
- Belarus 9-U
- Borki-117
- Dekalb farin
- Isa White
- Loman White
- Fara H-23
- Hisex White
- High Line W-36
- Shaver fari
- Brown Crosses
- Bovans Gold Line
- Borki-launi
- Dominant 102
- Isa Brown
- Lohman Brown
- Ci gaba
- Hisex Brown
- High Line Brown
- High Line Silver Brown
- Tetra SL
- Hanyoyin hens daga cikin kwanciyar gwargwadon kwanciyar hankali: kwarewa game da kulawa da kulawa
Yanayin rarrabe na giciye
An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa 'yan giciye sun fi ƙarfin hali, sun fi dacewa kuma suna da karuwar yawan aiki. Duk da haka, ana iya ganin irin wannan ƙwarewa kawai a cikin ƙarni na farko. Wato, don ƙetare ƙarni na biyu kuma ƙara kawai ba sa hankali. Saboda haka, yawancin giciye a kan gonakin masana'antu, ba su da amfani ga gonaki masu zaman kansu, domin suna da sayen kaji kowace shekara.
Abubuwan da za a zaba don zaɓin hens
Majiyoyin kiwo suna da wurare biyu: nama da kwai. Hakanan samfurin yawancin samfurin yana nuna alamar samar da kwai. Idan ka kwatanta da irin wadannan nau'o'in, nauyin samfurin zai iya samarwa har zuwa qwai 300 a kowace shekara, yayin da wakilin nau'in tsabta - kawai har zuwa 200, bambanci yana da kyau.
Shin kuna sani? Shahararren sanannun "ƙwayar kaza" da ke da ban sha'awa ga tsuntsaye ba daidai ba ce. Don haka, tsuntsaye suna yin la'akari da bambanta game da fuskoki guda dari na mutane da dangi, sun san mai shi, lokaci (daidaitaccen lokacin).
Mahimmanci don zabar hens:
- Bayyanar. A hankali, tsuntsu dole ne mai tsabta. Kullun ba zai iya samun takunkumi ba ko girma, tun da wannan yana nufin cewa mutum ba shi da lafiya. Tabbatar kula da fuka-fukan da ke kewaye da anus. Idan akwai alamomi na feces, wannan yana nufin cewa lakabi zai iya zama mai kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar. Har ila yau, tsuntsu bai kamata ya zama bakin ciki ba ko mai, aikinsa ya dogara da shi.
- Skin. Launi fata na mutumin lafiya yana da ruwan hoda. Idan ka lura da wasu launin launin fata, zai iya nufin cewa tsuntsu yana da matsalolin hanta mai tsanani. Wannan na iya rinjayar ta samar da samfurori da kuma raye-raye.
- Keel. Idan ba haka ba, to, mutum yana da lafiya tare da rickets.
- Shugaban. Wani jan ja ko ruwan hoda na nau'i na yau da kullum, dumi ga taɓawa alama ce ta tsuntsu mai lafiya. Dole ne ido ya zama mai haske, ƙwaro ba tare da girma ba, kuma hanyoyi suna bushe. Wannan yana nuna cewa mutumin yana lafiya.
- Belly. Idan tsuntsu yana da taushi amma na roba, ana ganin irin wannan Layer dace.
- Feet. Kawai kawai. Ya kamata a yadu su a yadu, wanda ya nuna ikon haɓaka mai girma na giciye.
- Fatness. Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, tsuntsu ya zama gini na al'ada. Abun mai yawa ko bakin ciki mai raɗaɗi baya haifar da wani abu mai kyau.
- Kashe ƙasusuwa. Nisa tsakanin su bazai zama fiye da yatsunsu 3 ba. Kuma nisa daga baya ƙarshen keel zuwa kasusuwa kasuwa ba ya fi fadi fiye da yatsunsu 4.
- Ayyuka. Chicken ba zai iya zama marar amfani ba, domin yana magana ne game da lafiyar marasa lafiya, wanda ke da alaka da samar da kwai.
- Kakar. Kada su kasance. Bayan haka, wannan yana nuna cewa ƙetare yana da alaƙa da alaka. Irin tsuntsu ba zai samar da qwai ba.
Hanya mai kyau na giciye hawan gwano yana tabbatar da babban aikin.
Mafi wakilai
Dangane da launi na harsashi, ƙwai na giciye za a iya raba su cikin fari da launin ruwan kasa. Gaba, la'akari da wakilan wadannan kungiyoyi.
Hanyoyin hens daga cikin gwanayen kwai sun hada da irin waɗannan nau'in suna sunan lakabi, lakabi mai launin fata, rhodonite, black Moravian.
Tsarin gishiri
Kwayoyin fata suna ɗauke da kaji, wanda aka haifi Leggorn a cikin gishiri. Wannan ita ce mafi yawan iri a duniya. Launi na plumage a wakilan wannan nau'in na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, baki, blue, zinariya, amma mafi sau da yawa shi ne fari.
Ana rarrabe ƙugiyoyi ta hanyar daɗaɗɗa da sauri, kyakkyawan jimiri da precocity.
Yana da muhimmanci! Chickens - halittun ba kamar yadda suke magana kamar geese ba, amma ba za ku iya zama a cikin shiru ba. Tsuntsaye suna magana a kan abin da ke faruwa, karba kullun juna. Duk da haka, idan gidan gidan ku yana da shiru, yana iya zama alama don kula da lafiyar dabbobi.
Belarus 9-U
Kyakkyawan giciye, wanda aka samo shi a karo na farko a Belarus daga White Leghorn da California Gray. Manyan manyan tsuntsaye da tsaka-tsire na kwai.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin nauyin kilo 2 ne;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 115 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 260 a kowace shekara.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga kwarewa shine haɗuwa ga mafi yawan yanayi na tsuntsaye.
Borki-117
Ana iya la'akari da ingantaccen giciye Belarus 9-U. Ya kama kama da nau'in baya, amma wasan kwaikwayon na da kashi 25%.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin nauyin kilo 2 ne;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 115 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 345 a kowace shekara.
Bred a Ukraine, Kharkiv UAAN a 1973, amma har zuwa 1998 an gicciye gicciye, inganta yanayin halayen.
Dekalb farin
Kaji mai tsabta. Bred by sanannen Yaren mutanen Holland Hendrix Genetics a haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Animal Husbandry ISA.
Ƙara koyo game da fasalulluran ƙwayoyin kiwo a gida.
Wadannan tsuntsaye suna da nauyin kyawawan nauyin, amma tare da babban tudu, sau da yawa suna fadowa zuwa gefe ɗaya.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyi - 1.6 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa 415 qwai a kowace shekara.
Wani hali mai kwantar da hankali ya kasance a cikin giciye, abin da ya sa tsuntsaye suke rayuwa a gida. Ƙananan tsuntsaye na tsuntsaye masu ra'ayin tsuntsaye suna da hankali ga canzawa da damuwa. Canje-canje na mai shi, karamar kaza, kai hari kan dangin, wasu yanayi na damuwa zasu iya sa kaji jin kunya, damuwa da rinjayar yawan aiki.
Isa White
Marubucin wannan gicciye, kamar yadda ya gabata, ya shafi Hendrix Genetics na Holland. A cikin matakan dabban dabba, wannan kamfani yana da alamar inganci.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - 1.8 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - ba fiye da 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 420 a kowace shekara.
Yawan tsuntsaye masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma mai tausayi na Isa White suna da kyau ba don masana'antu kawai ba, har ma ga masu shayar gida. Mai sauƙin kulawa, rashin lafiya a cikin yanayin da abinci, suna da matukar kariya.
Loman White
Ƙananan, hasken kuma ba a kowane tsuntsaye masu rarrafe na wannan gicciye sun kasance ba da gangan ga jagorancin kwai. Yanayin zaman lafiya yana haɗe da rayuwa mai mahimmanci, waɗannan tsuntsaye suna cikin motsi.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - har zuwa 1.7 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - babu fiye da 100 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 350 a kowace shekara.
An bayyana ba kawai ta yawan adadin qwai a kowace shekara ba, har ma ta matsakaicin nauyin kwai (zai iya isa 64 g / yanki). Har ila yau yana da ban sha'awa cewa kajin fari na Lohman yayi rudani a duk shekara, ba tare da yanayin ba.
Fara H-23
Gishiri na giciye na Rashanci bisa tushen Leggorn. Yana neman jagorancin kwai, amma ana iya amfani dashi don samar da nama.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - har zuwa 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - ba fiye da 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - qwai 280-300 a kowace shekara.
Manya, amma maras kyau a ciyar da tsuntsaye. Sun bambanta ba kawai a yawan adadin qwai da aka sa a kowace shekara, amma kuma a cikin girman wadannan qwai (a matsakaici, 60-62 g / yanki).
Hisex White
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun giciye a duniya. Suna da asalinsu na Holland, an samo su daga magajin Leggorn da New Hampshire na Hendrix Genetics.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - har zuwa 1.8 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - babu fiye da 100 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - qwai 300 a shekara.
Shin kuna sani? {Asar Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) na ɗaya daga cikin kasashe na farko don gabatar da wadannan giciye masu tasiri. Don haka, an raba nauyin a cikin shekarun 1970, kuma bayan shekaru hudu tsuntsaye sun karbi daya daga cikin gonaki na kasar. Sakamakon ban mamaki kusan yada tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in kusan a cikin Jakadancin Amurka. Sai kawai a 1985, tsuntsaye sun yada zuwa wasu ƙasashe da cibiyoyin ƙasa, kuma a 1998 ya bayyana a dukkanin faransan sai Antarctica.
Differs a cikin kyau kwarai rigakafi (ciki har da cututtuka da kuma helminths fungal). Ana la'akari da nau'o'in samfurori na tattalin arziki da yawa saboda rashin amfani da ƙwayar hatsi, amma a lokaci guda yawan ƙimar kwai.
High Line W-36
Guga giciye, bred a Amurka by Hi-Line International, saboda haka sunan jinsin. Rubuta W-36 shine mafi mahimmanci na dukan layin.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - har zuwa 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 290 a kowace shekara.
Calm, tsuntsaye masu yawa, suna ba da yawa qwai. Ba mawuyacin hali ba ne ga danniya, rikice-rikice da zalunci a cikin tawagar.
Shaver fari
An gicciye giciye a Jamus kuma ana nuna yawan samuwa da rashin amfani da abinci.
Halaye:
- matsakaicin nauyin - har zuwa 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 350 a kowace shekara.
Su masu aiki ne kuma suna da hanzari, suna ci gaba da motsa jiki da kuma neman hanyoyin kyawawan wurare a yankin da aka ba su. Lafiya mai kyau yana da kyau, amma suna kula da sanyi da zanewa.
Koyi game da siffofin girma da kaji mai matukar furanni: fari, launin ruwan kasa, baki.
Brown Crosses
Kamar dai fata, ana bambanta su ta hanyar girman yawan aiki, domin Leghorny kuma ya shiga cikin halittar su. Kodayake yanzu tushen wannan giciye ya fi sau da yawa Rhode Island da New Hampshire. Babban bambanci daga launin fata shine babban nauyin tsuntsaye, mafi yawan qwai, tsayayya da danniya da mafi yawan juriya.
Bovans Gold Line
Daya daga cikin shahararrun giciye a kan yankin ƙasar Ukraine, inda aka bred. Ƙananan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna samar da manyan (62-64 g / pc.) Ƙwai Brown.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - daga 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 114 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - game da qwai 332 a kowace shekara.
A dangane da nauyin nauyi / abinci, an dauke shi da nau'i mai yawa. Ana iya amfani dashi ba kawai ga kwai, amma har ma ga nama.
Borki-launi
An janyo nau'in Ukrainian a cikin Farm Experimental Farm a Cibiyar Kaji UAAS a Kharkov. Giciye mai launi biyu, wanda mata ke da launin ruwan kasa, kuma maza suna da fari.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - 2.1 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 115 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - kimanin nau'i 260 a kowace shekara.
Suna ba da tsaka-tsalle masu launin launin ruwan qwai masu la'akari a kan kusan 60 g / pc. Ya bambanta da irin wannan nau'i na sauƙi na samun matasan, muhimmancin da daidaito na jima'i (a rana ta farko da daidaituwa ta launin launi ya kai 97-98%).
Dominant 102
Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu launin ruwan kasa, sun samo ta hanyar hayewar rassan Rhodeland. Kamar Borki, yana da rarrabuwa ta hanyar jinsi a launi na plumage - hens suna launin ruwan kasa, kuma masu roosters suna da fari.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - har zuwa 2.5 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 125 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa 315 qwai a kowace shekara.
Ana iya girma tsuntsaye mai yawa da kuma tsuntsaye masu yawa don nama da qwai. Suna son zafi, don haka daga ambaliyar na iya yin rashin lafiya, yana neman abinci. Ciyar da abinci mara dacewa yana cike da raguwa a lokacin kwanciya, yawan karuwar yawan qwai da aka aza.
Ya bambanta da yawancin giciye, ƙwallon mamaye suna da ilimin ganyayyaki.
Isa Brown
Netherlands giciye, kamar Isa White. Mata na wannan jinsin sune launin ruwan kasa, kuma maza suna da haske - rawaya.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - 1.9 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 320 a kowace shekara.
Manyan kaji suna ba da ƙananan ƙananan launuka (63-64 g / pc.). Mai sauƙin kula da kuma quite picky.
Lohman Brown
Gidan giciye na Girka Lohmann Tierzucht. Tsuntsaye na Lohman (White da Brown) suna shahara a kasashen Yammacin Turai da Amurka ta Kudu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan jinsin ya wanzu tun daga shekarun 50s kuma ya zama alamar kamfanin. Masu shayarwa na Lohman sun yanke shawarar matsala mai gaggawa don shekaru bayan yakin basasa - rike matsakaicin yawan aiki a karkashin sauya yanayi na waje (yanayi, abinci).
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - 1.74 kg;
- ciyar abinci - 102 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - qwai 280-300 a kowace shekara.
Sunan madadin don jinsuna shine "jan kaza" sabili da inuwa mai duhu na gashin gashi. Duk da haka, launi launi tare da hasken haske da duhu suna halatta.
Ci gaba
Gicciye giciye, Bred a Penza a Pachelma goslemptitszavod. Har ila yau yana da bambanci a launi dangane da jinsi.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - har zuwa 3 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 155 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - qwai 260 a kowace shekara.
Hisex Brown
Kamar sautin fararen gicciyen, yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - har zuwa 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - qwai 365 a kowace shekara.
Da kyau ya jure wa sanyi, zai iya rush duk tsawon shekara. Ya fi kwarewa fiye da takunkumi.
High Line Brown
Giciye hawan giciye na Amurka Mafi sauƙi mai tsararru da ke da kyakkyawar kayan kiwon lafiya da babban kwai.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - 1.65-1.74 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa qwai 330 a kowace shekara.
Tsarin zaman lafiya da tsananin karfi sun sa wannan nau'in ya dace don kiwon tsuntsaye, duk da haka jinsuna masu farin suna dauke da wadataccen tattalin arziki.
High Line Silver Brown
Sauran takunkumi a kan giciye na High Line, tsuntsaye suna da furanni, amma suna dauke da launin ruwan kasa.
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - har zuwa 1.75 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - 110 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - 330-350 qwai a kowace shekara.
Mass, yawan aiki da wasu halaye ba su da bambanci da alamar launin ruwan kasa.
Tetra SL
Harshen Harshen Hungary Babolna TETRA tare da ƙananan launin launin ruwan kasa da launin tsuntsaye mai duhu. Nauyin qwai yana da mahimmanci (63-65 g / pc.).
Halaye:
- nauyin mutum - har zuwa 2 kg;
- ciyar da abinci - har zuwa 125 g kowace rana;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa 305 qwai a kowace shekara.
Ya bambanta da sauri da kuma girma daga matasa, wanda ya ƙaunaci da gonaki masu zaman kansu. An dauke shi ba kawai kwai ba, har ma da irin nama saboda nauyin nama mai cin gashi mai kyau.
Hanyoyin hens daga cikin kwanciyar gwargwadon kwanciyar hankali: kwarewa game da kulawa da kulawa
Don haɓaka ƙasa mai zurfi ya wajaba a bi dokoki na kulawa da kulawa da tsuntsaye. Bayan haka, ko da lafiyayyen mutane na iya zama marasa lafiya tare da yanayin da ba su da kyau.
Kuna kuma sha'awar koyo game da yanayin da ake da su a gida irin su kaji na ƙetare kamar matsanancin wuya, hercules, avicolor, launi na launi, sarari.
Bukatun bukatun:
- Tsuntsaye na dindindin na tsuntsaye ya kasance mai tsabta kuma yana da yawa;
- Dole ne mutum ya sami damar yin amfani da shi ga ruwan da ba shi da kyau;
- ba lallai ba ne don wucewa da rashin sanin cikakken farashin da ake ba da abinci ga kowane nau'i na tsuntsaye, saboda wannan zai haifar da cututtuka;
- dubawa na yau da kullum na dabbobi don gano alamun cutar da alamun alamun cutar cuta zai taimaka wajen hana hasara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ka yi la'akari da cewa daya daga cikin raunin da ya fi karfi a mafi yawan giciye shi ne ilimin mahaifa, ko kuma wajen, rashi. Idan kana buƙatar tsuntsaye don kiwo, ya kamata ka lura da sauri da bukatar buƙata ko kuma kafa yanayin incubator a gida. Idan tsuntsun tsuntsaye don nama ko qwai, to, wannan siffar kwayoyin, maimakon amfani fiye da hasara.
Dangane da bukatun gonarka, wasu kaji zasuyi. Duk abin da ya gicciye ka, kar ka manta game da ainihin bukatun don kulawa da tsuntsaye: tsabta, rigakafi da abincin abincin jiki.