Alyssum: bayanin, saukarwa da kulawa

Alyssum shine tsire-tsire na murfin ƙasa na Brassica ko dangin Cruciferous. Ana samo Perennials da annuals. Rarraba cikin Turai, Afirka ta Arewa, Asiya, kudanci Siberiya. Akwai nau'ikan alissum sama da 100. Mashahuri a cikin lambu, unpretentious, fari m, ba ji tsoron sanyi.

Bayani da fasali na alissum

Alyssum (alisinum) yana da harbe-harbe mai tsayi, mai rabin-lignified, suna madaidaiciya, hawa ko hawa mai rarrafe. Furen yana daɗaɗɗen fure mai yawa daga 10 cm zuwa mita mai tsayi kuma har zuwa faɗi 1.5. Ganyen yana da kauri, mara zunubi, dumu-dumu, m, an rufe shi da Fluff na azurfa. Ya kai 15-40 cm, an kafa kututtura da filaye huɗu da aka shirya a gefen layi, a hade cikin inflorescences.

Furanni suna wakilta ta ƙananan goge na dusar ƙanƙara-fari, zinariya, ruwan hoda, Lilac, launin rawaya. Blossom a cikin Mayu, Bloom har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, kyakkyawan melliferous shuke-shuke. Anshin zuma na kowane irin nau'in alissum ya bazu akan mituna da yawa.

'Ya'yan itacen itace kwalaine tare da tsaba mai ɗorewa, wanda ke riƙe da tasirin rayuwa har tsawon shekaru uku. Rhizome na waje tare da ƙarin asalinsu.

Irƙira da keɓaɓɓun magana, ana amfani da alissum wajen ƙirar wuraren shakatawa, da murabba'ai, don ado da gadaje fure, filayen dutse, da rabatok. Hakanan an yi musu ado tare da masu rataye, tukwane, akwatuna.

Alyssum ya ƙunshi alkaloids, acid Organic, flavonoids kuma yana da kaddarorin warkarwa. Yi amfani da kayan ado don maganin sanyi, jiko don kulawa da fuska, sassan bushe a cikin aromatherapy.

Iri da nau'ikan alissum

Yankuna da nau'ikan sun bambanta a tsayi da palette mai launi.

Yanayin yanayi na alissum

Annuals ana saninsa da dogon fure, kuma perennials suna tsayayya da ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Yanayin da ba'a dace dashi na maganin alissum ya dace da duka mai zafi da mai tsanani ba.

Akwai nau'ikan da suka dace da kyau a yankuna na arewacin, suna dasa shuki alissum a ciki. A cikin yanayin dumin yanayi, ana shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa kuma ana shuka shuka daɗin nau'in fure fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace kakar.

Hanyoyin shuka alissum

Alissum an shuka shi tare da seedlings da tsaba. Lingsalingsan itace an shirya su da farko a cikin greenhouse, tare da farkon rana da yanayin dumama, an sa su a kan gadon filawa, hanya ta biyu ita ce shuka iri kai tsaye.

Girma alissum daga tsaba

Lokacin da aka girma daga tsaba, alissum zai yi fure bayan watanni 1.5.

Wani zabin shine a shuka su a watan Nuwamba. Saboda haka, tsari na ɗaukar hankali zai faru kuma tsirowar bazara ta kasance zata zama mafi lafiya. Amma a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi zasu iya mutuwa.

Dugasa don tsaba an haɗe shi, an tsabtace da ciyawa, an kwance shi, an shayar da shi idan ya cancanta. Kuna iya sanya su a cikin wurin dindindin ko na farko a cikin wani lambu na musamman. An sanya iri a cikin tsagi. Ƙasƙantar da kai kuma rufe da fim. Ciyawa a kai a kai. Harbi yana bayyana mako guda daga baya a zazzabi na +16 ° C. An fitar dasu waje mai nisa sama da 10 cm kuma ana hadi dasu da abubuwan hade ma'adinai.

A watan Nuwamba, har yanzu ana shuka tsaba kafin lokacin hunturu, 1-2 cm a cikin furrows Ana zuba yashi, an sanya zuriyar bushe, kuma a yayyafa shi a saman. Harbe bayyana a kakar mai zuwa. Idan yana da sanyi, an rufe su da fim. To, lokacin da seedlings suka yi girma, sanya shi a shafin da aka zaɓa.

Girma alissum seedlings

A cikin yankunan sanyi, ana shirya seedlings a tsakiyar Maris. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena, ƙasar da aka siya a cikin shagon musamman ko tukwane tare da peat. An zaɓi kwanon tare da ramuka na magudanar ruwa. Sun warwatse, an bar su cikin haske. Tare da rufe fim, a kai a kai bar iska. Irƙiri haske mai haske, zazzabi + 10 ... +15 ° C, matsakaici matsakaici, shayar. Tare da isowar ganye na gaskiya na farko, suna ciyarwa. Zuwa lokacin da aka samar da zanen gado 2-3. Don taurara, ana aiwatar da seedlings a kai a kai a cikin iska na mintina da yawa.

Alissum dasa a bude ƙasa

Shuka da kulawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe ya bambanta ta wurin zaɓin wuri, shayar lokaci, da kuma kayan miya. Ana shuka iri ko ƙwaya a cikin bazara, daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, yayin da shafin ya kamata ya yi rana, ba tare da turɓayar danshi ba, ƙasa tana tsaka tsaki, ɗan ƙaramin alkaline.

Yana son fure don yayi girma kusa da hanyar dutse, fale-falen kayan ado. Yataccen ƙasa mai gina jiki yana samar da ganye mai yawa, kuma fewan furanni.

Wani lokaci don dasa alissum

An zaɓi watan dasa ne gwargwadon yankin, yawanci a watan Mayu-Yuni. Suna dasa furanni a kan fure ne kawai lokacin da sanyi ya wuce kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi.

Fasali

Lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana yin la'akari da irin fure don tono rami don haɓaka tsarin tushen. An ƙara yashi a cikin ƙasa mai ɗaci. An lura da nisa tsakanin tsirrai 25-40 cm.

Kulawar Alissum

Ruwa da fure mai yawa, musamman ma a cikin zafi, amma baya son tururuwar danshi. Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe ta 2-3 cm, to wannan ya kamata a yi. Suna cire ciyayi, suna kwance duniya a kai a kai. Suna kuma amfani da tsarin shayar atomatik.

Ana yin perennials tare da maganin urea da Agricola (lita 10 a kowace 1 tbsp. L.). Kafin fure, yana buƙatar hadadden cakuda, sau biyu a kakar ya isa. Annuals sunfi son ciyarwa akai-akai har sau hudu. An kawo su ƙarƙashin tushe da safe.

Alissum pruning

A cikin bazara daga samfuran perennial, tsofaffin peduncles, ganye mai bushe, rauni, mai tushe mai laushi an yanke. Bayan fure na bazara, ana yanke harbe-harbe zuwa 50-80 mm, suna samar da kyakkyawan daji mai rikitarwa.

Alyssum bayan fure

Lokacin da alissum ya fadada, an shirya shi don hunturu. An cire shekara-shekara, kuma an rage tsararren shuka 2 by 3 kuma ƙasa ta kwance ko'ina.

Tarin iri

A watan Satumba da farkon Oktoba, ana tattara tsaba daga fure. Don tarin, zaɓi bushe, yanayin nutsuwa. A karkashin daji, yawanci shimfidar shimfiɗar shimfiɗa akan shimfiɗa shimfiɗa ciki da hannu tare da hannu. Seedauren iri an bushe, an adana shi a cikin jaka a takarda ko jaka na zane har zuwa kaka mai zuwa.

Perennial wintering

Kafin farko na sanyi weather ba su yin pruning. Alyssum na iya mutuwa idan zazzabi ya kasance -15 ° C, don haka an rufe fure tare da bushe ganye, an sanya ciyawa a ƙarƙashin bushes, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta bayyana an rufe su da shi. Don haka shuka ya tsira da hunturu.

Alissum kiwo

Furen yana yaduwa ta hanyar yan itace, rarraba daji, tsaba, Hakanan yana da ikon shuka-kai.

Hanyar farko ba ta da mashahuri sosai, ana sanya cuttings a cikin wani fure mai girma a cikin akwati na ruwa. Sannan suna kafe a cikin kwantena tare da kasar gona.

Lokacin rarraba daji, an haƙa shi, an rarraba shi zuwa sassa kuma an dasa shi a nesa na 30 cm.

An tattauna hanyar zuriyar a sama.

Cutar Alissum da kwari

Furen na iya zama da cututtukan fungal, wasu lokuta kuma wasu kwari ne ke kaiwa shi.