Noma waje na rhododendron

An fassara kalmar rhododendron daga helenanci azaman itace mai itace. Ya samu wannan suna godiya ga fure mai kama da fure.

Bayanin Rhododendron

Rhododendron yana cikin dangin Heather, wanda ya haɗa da gandun daji waɗanda gaba ɗaya ko rabin ninka a wasu lokuta na shekara, tsirrai da bishiyoyi. Mafi shahararrun kuma na kowa sune azaleas girma a ɗaka, a cikin katako da greenhouses.

Yana girma a cikin yankuna marassa tushe da kuma yanayin zafi na Arewacin Hemisphere, kodayake ana samun shi a Kudancin. A cikin Rasha, an san nau'ikan 18 da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin Caucasus, Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Suna girma daban-daban ko a cikin rukuni suna samar da dunƙule duka, a cikin tsaunuka ko a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji, a marshland ko cikin tundra. Wajibi ne ya kamata a lullube wurin da danshi, amma ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa ba ya tsayawa. Iska ta yi kauri

Nau'in rhododendron sun bambanta da tsayi (daga 10-20 cm zuwa 30 m) kuma a cikin girman fure (mm da yawa kuma sama da 20 cm). Ganye mai sauƙi da rikitarwa tare da gefuna daban-daban. Furannin furanni masu alaƙa da furanni dabam dabam: lemun tsami, ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda-violet. An haɗu da su cikin sauƙi da rikitarwa na inflorescences, kuma suna da wuya sosai kadai. 'Ya'yan itacen suna wakilta ta akwatin biyar, yana buɗewa. Irin ya yi kama da sanda na 0.5-2 mm. Yawancin ƙananan Tushen suna kan farfajiya. Slow girma ne halayyar. Ana iya yada shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Rhododendron tsire-tsire ne mai guba wanda ke ɗauke da andromedotoxin. Wannan abu da farko yana da sakamako mai ban sha'awa, sannan kuma yana baƙin ciki, yana haifar da mutuwa. Barkono da ganyayyaki suna da tannins.

Iri da nau'ikan rhododendron

Shuke iri iri ne yawanci girma a cikin aikin lambu.

Rhododendron Saukowa

Domin rhododendron ya yi girma a wurin, ya wajaba a gare shi ya zaɓi wurin da ya dace, shirya ƙasa kuma yana aiwatar da shuka da kulawa yadda ya kamata. Jinsi mai rauni na buƙatar haske mai yawa, kuma kullun na buƙatar inuwa. Dukansu suna buƙatar tsari daga iska, kuma a cikin hunturu daga dusar ƙanƙara, saboda haka yana da kyau a dasa su kusa da ginin, shinge ko tsire-tsire masu tsayi. Bishiyoyi waɗanda suke da tsari iri ɗaya na tushen tushen: Birch, spruce, Maple da sauransu basu dace da maƙwabta ba. Zasu iya girma kusa da itacen oak, itacen huda da tsire-tsire: bishiyun apple, pears, cherries.

Rhododendrons sun fi son sako-sako, ƙasa mai acidic (4.5-5.5 pH), wanda ke ba da damar zuwa iska da ruwa (ba ya bushe). Sandstone da loam suna disoxidized ta ƙara peat, takin, allurai Pine, haushi.

An dasa bushes lokacin da yake da shekaru 2-3 a cikin hutu na 30x30 cm, tsofaffi - a 60x40. A kasan sa malalewa daga fashe birki ko babban tsakuwa, a saman - na musamman cakuda ƙasa, peat, decayed needles, yashi, takin (humus) kuma moisten da kyau don shirya. Tushen tsiron ana sanya shi cikin ruwa kuma a sa shi a ciki har sai kumfa iska ya shuɗe. Matsayin zurfin shine 3-4 cm sama da tushe. Bayan dasa, ƙasa tana daɗaɗa da mulched tare da abun da ke ciki na peat, yashi da yankakken Pine haushi.

Rhododendron Kulawa

Kula da shuka, bin ka'idodi:

• Shayar kan yanayin da bushewa na ƙasa. A farkon haɓaka, ana buƙatar isasshen ciyawa tare da ruwa mai laushi: a lokacin bazara - bulo 1-1.5 a kowace shuka mai girma sau 4 a wata, a cikin zafi - ƙari sau da yawa. Lokacin da ya sami mai sanyaya, ƙasa da sau da yawa - kowane mako 1.5. Zuba ruwan acidified (10-15 of g oxalic ko citric acid a 10 l).
• Ana ciyar da su da takin mai ma'adinai. A cikin bazara don sake farfado da shuka da farkon fure. A lokacin rani, don hanzarta girma da harbe da kuma kwanciya buds domin na gaba shekara. A cikin fall (ba tare da nitrogen) - don shirya don hunturu.
• Yanke a cikin bazara, cire bushe da marasa lafiya harbe. Kuna iya gajarta waɗancan rassan waɗanda suka karya siffar daji. Furannin da suka bushe sunyi tsage, in ba haka ba inji ya zama mara ruwa. Wajibi ne a jagoranci sojoji akan ci gaban sababbin rassa da furanni.
• Dasawa a kowane zamani. Zai fi kyau kafin ya fara kwarara ruwan itace - a cikin bazara, daga baya - bayan fure ko a farkon kaka, don samun ƙarfi kafin lokacin hunturu ya fara.
• Shuka-sanyi lokacin shuka, amma don lokacin sanyi ya fi kyau a rufe.

Kiwo

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na haifuwa: ta zuriya, rarraba daji, ƙwallaye da ƙwaya.

Tsaba suna sown a cikin jita-jita cike da rigar cakuda peat (Heather) ƙasa da yashi a cikin wani rabo na 3: 1. Don tasirin kore, a rufe shi da gilashi ko cellophane kuma a saka a cikin haske. Yau da kullun kewaya, ba da ruwa kuma cire condensate. Harbi zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 30. Shuke-shuke seedlings zuwa wani akwati bayan bayyanar ganye guda biyu (makirci 2x3 cm). A cikin gonar - na tsawon shekaru 2, kuma kafin hakan suna girma a cikin wani greenhouse. Furanni zasu fito ne lokacin da suke shekaru 6-8.

Daga wani ɓangare na tushe (5-8 cm) tare da itace mara ganye da ganyayyaki, an shirya matashin itace. Ana rage ƙananan ganye kuma an saukar da su cikin maganin ƙarfafawa don rabin rana. Daga nan sai su manne shi a cikin ƙasa (peat da yashi 3: 1), daga bisa - kwalba ko kunshin don tushen ya girma (watanni 1.5-4), bayan wannan ana buƙatar akwati mai amfani da ƙasa (peat da pine needles 2: 1). A cikin hunturu, an sanya su a cikin ɗaki mai + 8 ... +12 ° С kuma ambaliya tare da haske. A cikin bazara da bazara suna canja wuri zuwa gonar, zuwa rukunin karshe - bayan shekaru 2.

Zai fi sauƙi a yaduwa ta hanyar farawa: reshe mai sassauƙa yana sintiri a cikin tsagi (15 cm), an gyara shi da waya kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. An ɗaura saman daga sandar. Kulawar da aka saba. A cikin kaka ko bazara, zaku iya rabuwa da babban shuka da dasawa.

Raba daji cikin sassan da aka dasa daban. A cikin shekara guda, matasa rassan za su bayyana, kuma fure zai fara.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Idan babu ruwan sama a cikin bazara, to dole ne a shayar da rhododendron. A cikin ruwa sama ba a buƙaci wannan. Kafin Disamba, wajibi ne don shirya shuka don hunturu: rufe tushen tare da Layer peat, a cikin yankuna tare da hunturu mai sanyi - bugu da useari yana amfani da burlap kuma ɗaure tare da igiya, zaka iya yin firam tare da kayan sutura. An cire bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara, a ranar damuwa.

Cutar da kwari

Rhododendron yana da saukin kamuwa da wasu kwari da wasu cututtuka da dama.

Baya ga kwari, rhododendrons suna da saukin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.

Kowane yanayin cutar yana buƙatar kafa abubuwan da ke haifar da kawar da su.

Amfanin da lahanin rhododendron

Ana amfani da Rhododendron don yin ado da yankuna, amma yana da halaye masu amfani waɗanda suka sami aikace-aikace a cikin maganin gargajiya da na gargajiya. Kasancewar bitamin C, andromedotoxin, ericoline, arbutin da rhododendrin sun ƙaddara amfaninta:

• taimaka rage zazzabi, ciwo;
• zai sami sakamako mai nutsuwa da ƙwayar cuta;
• taimaka busa;
• cire wuce haddi a jiki;
• runtse matsin lamba.

Contraindications: ciki, ciyar da yaro, cutar koda da ƙwaƙwalwar nama.

Zai fi kyau a gudanar da magani tare da likitanka. Wannan zai kare daga sakamakon da ba a nemi sakamako ba ko mutuwa, wanda zai yuwu saboda yawancin jinsuna masu guba.

Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da sanarwar: yadda ake shuka rhododendron a tsakiyar layin

Yawancin masu noman furanni a cikin tsakiyar Turai na Rasha (yankin Moscow, yankin Leningrad) suna son haɓaka rhododendron. Wannan zai yiwu idan ka zabi yanayin da ya dace. Tsarin sanyi da nau'ikan sanyi sune suka fi dacewa:

• Jinsi mai ƙyalli: Jafananci, rawaya, Schlippenbach, Kanada, Kamchatka.
• Semi -reeng-kullun Ledebor.
• Ketevbinsky evergreen da kabewa, mai gajeren zanen itace, zinare, Smirnova.
• Varietiesanyen hunturu-Hardy: Elvira, The Hague, Mikkeli.
• Kayan gado na hasken Lantarki, Hasken Spicy, Northern Light Rosie Lights da sauransu.

Bayan zaban iri daban-daban, ana dasa shuki bisa ga ka'idodi:

• wurin yana kasancewa 50 cm daga wasu tsirrai;
• ƙasa na musamman tare da takaddun ma'adinai mai hadaddun;
• girman rami ya zarce tushe sau 2;
• Layer magudanar ruwa 15 cm;
• ba a saukar da akwati a cikin ƙasa ba 4-5 cm;
• hydration bayan dasa.

Kula yana da wasu abubuwan:

• kasar gona bata dauke da abubuwan alkinta na kasar gona;
• Ana buƙatar Mulching;
• kariyar rana (raga, gauze, masana'anta);
• daidaita ruwa;
• haɓaka ba za a yarda da shi ba idan ana dumama da danshi a lokacin kaka (fesawa da maganin 1% na potassium sulfate ko potassium phosphorus);
• tsari na hunturu - lath a cikin hanyar bukka, a nannade cikin kayan da ba saka ba.

Idan magidanci ya cika duk waɗannan buƙatu, to rhododendron zai yi girma a shafin kuma yana jin daɗinsa da fure.