Pear yana da kashi 2% kawai na itatuwa masu 'ya'yan itace a cikin lambuna na tsakiyar Rasha. An lalacewa ta hanyar rashin sanyi da kuma buƙatar zafi fiye da itatuwan apple.
Kuma mutane da yawa suna la'akari da pear a matsayin kayan aiki mai nauyi ga ciki kuma ba su shuka a kan kansu makirci ba. Duk da haka, wannan 'ya'yan itace yana da kaddarorin masu amfani kuma ku kula da shi.
Babbar abu ita ce zaɓin ƙirar dama. Alal misali, iri-iri Vernaya ya tsufa a cikin yanayin hawan dutse na yankin Moscow da kuma mai girma ga tsakiyar Rasha.
Wane irin ne?
Yana nufin iri iri pears kuma zai zama mai girma a ji a cikin unguwannin bayan gari. Game da amfani - Nuwamba-Disamba. Kira cewa da kyau a adana a cikin firiji. Ya dace don amfani a raw kuma mai kyau don aiki.
By kaka irin pears kuma sun kasance: Bere Bosk, Thumbelina, Forest Beauty, Fairy Tale da Svarog.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Wannan haɗin haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata guda biyu na Cibiyar Harkokin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Nursery Yu.A. Petrov da N.V.Efimov. Ya faru a shekara ta 1958, a shekara ta 1998 an fara gwajin gwaje-gwaje na iri-iri, kuma an hada iri iri a cikin rajista a shekara ta 2001. Sun yi amfani da pear tare da suna mai suna Josephine Mechelnskaya da kuma wani matashi mai mahimmanci No. 3 (ba sauti ba ne!
Bayayyaki iri-iri na gaskiya
Ita itace itace tsakiyar. Kambi yana da matsakaicin matsanancin nauyin wanda bai dace ba.
Branches tare da curvature girma kusan a wani kwana na 90˚ tare da tsari m.
M haushi a kan manyan rassan da ƙwayar gashi. A lokacin lokacin rani, an kai tsawon tsaka-tsakar tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire.
A maimakon yawan adadin ƙirarren matsakaici na musamman - an kafa checheviches akan su a cikin ɓangaren gwangwani. Tsakanin launin ƙananan launuka suna da siffar conical.
Bar tare da launin kore mai duhu ne mai siffar kwai kuma mai sassauci don tabawa ba tare da gashi ba, amma tare da mummunan lalata (ning). An kafa shi tare da yanke launi na matsakaici ba tare da ragewa ba. Furen furanni tare da zagaye na fata, ko da yake ƙananan girma, suna da m.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne aka kafa a kolchatka (irin itacen itace), mai sauƙi da hadaddun, a kan bishiyoyi (ƙananan' ya'yan itace), a kan mashi ('ya'yan itace har zuwa 15 cm) da' ya'yan itace (thickened sassa na harbe). Harshen 'ya'yan itace, kamar yadda ya kamata ya zama nau'i-nau'in pear da ƙananan ƙananan. Nauyin pear ya kai 150g. Fata na 'ya'yan itace ne bushe, santsi da haske.
A tayin akwai ƙananan matakai na launi mai launin launin toka. Launi na 'ya'yan itace kore ne, kuma lokacin da aka cika matukar launin launin rawaya yana kara. Tsarin yana da nau'i na lokacin farin ciki da ƙwaƙwalwa. Kwayar ƙanana mai karamin kusan kusan ba ya nan, yana da siffar maras kyau. Yana da ƙananan sauƙi, mai sassauki da santsi, wannan pear yana da rabin rabin kofin.
Ƙungiyoyi na tsaba sun rufe girman matsakaici. Gwargwadon girman nau'ikan siffar elliptical. Masu alama na tsawon da nisa daga kasan da ke ƙasa da kuma matsakaici na matsakaici. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar nau'i mai nauyin launin ruwan kasa yana da duhu launin ruwan kasa.
A m-zaki da ɓangaren litattafan almara na matsakaici cream cream inuwa yana da 'ya'yan itacen da mai kyau-grained texture. Pear m da aromatic, ko da yake akwai ra'ayoyin game da ƙanshin ƙarancin wannan nau'in.
An kiyasta kwatanci a maki 4.2, kuma dandano - 4.5. Amma wasu suna godiya da dandano kawai 3.
Sakamakon sunadarai na sukari - 10.1%, acid - 0.15%.
Irin wadannan nau'in pear suna da dandano: Kupava, Krasulya, Lada, Dekabrinka da Rossoshanskaya Dessert.
Hotuna
A cikin hoto da ke ƙasa za ku iya samun karin saba da nau'in nau'in pear "Vernaya":
Halaye
Wintery hardy (tsayayya daskarewa zuwa -2 °), skoroplodny, samoplodny da high-yielding.
Akwai bayani cewa daga itace guda yana yiwuwa ya tattara har zuwa kilogram arba'in na pears. Matsakaicin farashin su ne har zuwa 30 ton a kowace hectare na lambu.
A cikin yankin na Moscow ya karu a rabin rabin watan Satumba da kuma rabin watan Oktoba. Ƙara yawan tayin zai faru a cikin watan Satumba.
Saplings bayan dasa fara fara 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta uku ko hudu.
Kuma idan ra'ayoyin sun rarraba game da dandano, to, a matsayin gwanin kwarangwal, an nuna shi matuƙar farin ciki.
An yi amfani dasu sosai don yin compotes, jams, jams, marmalades, 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace da ruwan inabi.
Irin nauyin sanyi sun hada da: Bere Russkaya, Lel, Muscovite, Perun da Svarog.
Dasa da kulawa
Bazai sanya kowane bukatu na musamman akan ƙasa ba, amma zai ji dadi akan malalewa da miki. Sashin sanyi yana damuwa da wannan nau'in pear yana fama da talauci.
Saplings na buƙatar daidaitattun hankali:
- watering;
- yanki;
- shinge daga ƙasa a cikin wata ƙafa;
- Kariyar kwaro;
- rejuvenation na kambi.
Ya kamata a zaba wurin da za a saukowa ba shaded ba. Ba a binne gilasar tushen ba. Kodayake wannan nau'in iri ne mai kyau, yana da kyau a ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, saboda haka akwai karin itatuwan pear a kan shafin.
A cikin rami don dasa shuki seedlings ya kamata a saka taki da za a zabi daga:
- humus;
- 80 g na ammonium nitrate;
- 1 kg na superphosphate;
- 800 g itace ash;
- 150 g na sulfuric acid potassium.
Watayar shawarar watering sau 4-5 a wata. Ɗaya daga cikin guga na ruwa ya isa ga bishiya mai girma a safiya da yawa a maraice. Duk da haka, watering yana buƙatar gyara, mayar da hankali kan yanayin. A lokacin dasa furanni da kuma lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ya kamata a ba da hankali ta musamman.
Trunks na kananan bishiyoyi don hunturu za a iya nannade su da kayan kariya (kayan hawan gwanon nailan suna da kyau).
Sun yanke pear fiye da itacen apple. Ya kamata a gudanar da wannan taron kowace shekara a cikin idon ruwa kafin buds. Yaran matasan da aka dasa sun shuka zuwa uku.
Cututtuka da kwari
An yi la'akari da bambancin scab resistant. Trunks na kananan bishiyoyi suna bukatar kiyaye su daga rodents.
Dole ne a gudanar da ayyuka don kare kudan zuma daga farkon marigayi zuwa ƙarshen kaka:
- nazarin halittu;
- agrotechnical;
- sunadarai;
- physicomechanical.
Zuwa na farko ya shafi Organic aikace-aikace takiAlal misali, taki. Har ila yau, fada da cututtuka tare da amfani da tsirrai daji.
Alal misali, don kula da shuka da ke da wata cuta. powdery mildewAiwatar tincture rot hay.
Agronomic matakan inganta shuka girma. Wannan shi ne wuri mai kyau don dasa shuki, dacewa da kuma dace da rassan rassan da basu dace ba, da kuma rassan da suka shafe, da shirye-shiryen dasa kayan a lokacin.
Kwaro da kuma kula da cututtuka suna dogara ne akan bishiyoyi masu laushi tare da sunadarai masu dacewa. Wadannan ayyukan sunadaran za a iya aiwatar da su duka don manufar rigakafi da kuma inganta itacen.
Tsayayya ga irin nau'o'in cututtuka shine Hera, Dekabrinka, Carmen, Larinska da Rogneda.
A karkashin tsarin matakan kimiyya sune aikin kayan aiki don dasa shuki da ƙasa ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Rashin kamuwa da kamfanonin da kuma mummunan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Irin nauyin pears, kamar apples, ba su wanzu. Kowane yana da nasarorin da ya dace.
Kwayar kullun kullin Gaskiyar tana da kusa da abũbuwan amfãni: skoroplodnost, hunturu hardiness da yiwuwar cin a watan Disamba har ma daga baya tare da ajiya dace.
Wadannan su ne dalilai masu ban sha'awa da ke nuna nauyin wannan nau'in don dasawa a kan shafin, saboda babu irin wadannan nau'o'in da irin waɗannan halaye.
