Snowdrop ko galanthus mallakar dangin Amaryllis ne. Duk da cewa an jera wannan tsiro mai saukin gaske a cikin Littafin Ruwan Ruwa, ba shi da wahalar shuka shi a shafin ka. Nan da nan, furen ya shimfiɗa kan babban yanki. Mabiya mazaunan gandun daji za su ji daɗin kyakkyawar yanayin farkawa da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Ba zato ba tsammani suna bayyana a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi a cikin manyan rami. Da farko, m kore harbe bambanta da dusar ƙanƙara, sannan kuma tinyan kananan shugabannin furanni Bloom.
Snowdrops na iya zama ba kawai akan titi ba, har ma a cikin tukwane akan baranda. Kuma kananan bouquets za su tsaya a cikin kayan ado na dogon lokaci, suna tuno isowar bazara.
Bayanin Botanical
Galanthus wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne mai ɓacin rai. An rarraba shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, a tsakiyar yankin Rasha, a cikin Caucasus da Asiya .arami. Kwan fitila yana da kullun tsaye, diamitarsa ita ce cm 2-3. Yayin da yake girma a karkashin sikelin na waje, an kafa yara (ƙananan fitila 'yar).
Dankin yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci girma. A farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da rana ta fara dumama karfi sosai kuma dusar kankara ta narke, dusar kankara ta farka ta saki ganyen farko. Ya danganta da yankin yanayin, wannan na iya faruwa daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Bayan ɗan gajeren fure, harbe suka mutu kuma a tsakiyar lokacin bazara gaba ɗaya suka shuɗe.
Neckaƙƙarfan elongated bulbous ya ƙunshi ganyayyaki oblongolate 2-3 na launin kore mai duhu. Tsawon ganyayyakin ya bambanta da cm 10 zuwa 25. Lokaci guda tare da ganyayyaki, tsararren haraji ya bayyana. Yana ɗaukar ƙararrawa mai launi ɗayan launuka masu launi. Corolla ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku masu ƙarfi, ɗamara madaidaiciya da ƙananan sifa uku, ya fi guntu. Furanni suna fitar da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi amma ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Bayan pollination, akwatin iri tare da m ganuwar matures a maimakon da toho. Abubuwa na ciki sun kasu kashi uku. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan baƙar fata.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Dangane da rarrabuwa daban-daban, a cikin halittar gwanayen halittu, akwai nau'ikan 12-25. Irin wannan rarrabuwar ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu tsire-tsire sun yi kama da juna kuma masu ilimin botanists suna jayayya ko don danganta su ga wani jinsin dabam ko kuma wani wanda ya riga ya yi rijista. Bari mu zauna akan shahararrun nau'in shahararrun nau'in halitta.
Dusar Bayani An rarraba shuka a cikin tsaunukan dutse na Transcaucasia. Ban fitila mai launin shuɗi ya kai tsawon 4 cm da faɗaɗinta na cm 2. Ganyayyen kore mai duhu ya lulluɓe tare da murfin kakin zuma ya tashi sama da shi. Dankin yana da tsawon cm 18 18. Dakin dutsen da ke 6 cm tsayi yana ɗaukar ƙararrawa mai dusar ƙanƙara Abun katako na waje na siffar obovate suna dan kadan ne, tsawonsu yakai cm 2 A ciki akwai furanni masu kamannin sihiri, sune rabin. A petals, sama da hutu, kore tabo bayyane. Yana fure a cikin Maris.
Dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan jama'a a Rasha don namo. Yana da girma girma da kuma mamaye da m yankuna. A tsakiyar Maris, 2 kunkuntar ganyen mai launin shuɗi-kore girma daga ƙasa. Karrarawa masu kamshi suna dauke da farin fure. Kusa da pharynx, an sanya tabarau na launin rawaya a kan ƙarshen ƙasa. Flow yana ɗaukar watan Afrilu duka. Wannan nau'in ya zama tushen wasu nau'ikan matasan da yawa:
- Flora Peno - nau'in terry tare da fure na ciki;
- Lutescens shuka ce mai cike da furanni masu karamin karfi;
- Lady Elphinstone - nau'in terry tare da rawaya masu launin rawaya a kan furannin ciki;
- Dora - dogon fararen katako suna ɓoye wani ɗan gajeren fure tare da koren kore;
- Viridicitis - fure a ƙarshen Fabrairu tare da manyan furanni, akwai kore kore a ƙarshen duk furannin.
Dankin dusar ƙanƙara yana faɗaɗa. Ana samun tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri mai tsayi kuma ya fi dacewa da yankuna na arewacin. Fiye da manyan albasa 4-5 cm tsayi, akwai madaidaitan ganye kore. A lokacin furanni, tsawon su shine cm 16, daga baya kuma ya kai 20-25 cm. Wata kararrawa mai launin fari tana a farfajiyar 15-20 cm. M tatsuniyar waje ta ɓoye gajarta ma'ana. Ana iya ganin tabo mai launin kore mara kyau akan fure. Babu sauran hutawa a kan gidajen dabbobi. Yawo yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni tsakanin kwanaki 20. Babu 'ya'yan itace, yana yaduwar ciyayi.
Hakanan mutane sun shahara blue dusar ƙanƙara. Koyaya, wannan shuka baya cikin gwanayen Galanthus. Mafi sau da yawa, da wannan suna suna nufin raɗaɗɗa daga dangin Asparagus. Suna da kama sosai a cikin tsarin waje da farkon fure, kodayake, basu da alaƙa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yaduwar dusar kankara ita ce raba kawuna da kwararan fitila. Kowace shekara, ana kafa ƙarin kwararan fitila 1-3 akan ƙwayar uwar. Bayan shekaru 3-5, lokacin da labule ya girma daidai, ana iya rarrabawa. A watan Agusta-Satumba, bayan da ganye ya gama bushewa, ana iya dasa shukar dusar kankara. Hannun daji ya rabu a hankali ta hanyar hannaye, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata rhizome na bakin ciki. An dasa fuka-fukai zuwa zurfin 6-8 cm daban-daban ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni.
An yi la'akari da yaduwar ƙwayar cuta mafi hadaddun, kodayake yana ba ka damar samun tsire-tsire da yawa lokaci daya. Wajibi ne a bar tsaba ya zube gaba daya. Amfanin gona ana fito dasu nan da nan bayan girbi, kamar yadda suke rasa sauri. Ana shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Wajibi ne a zabi wurin inuwa, a kwantar da hankula.
Siffofin Kulawa
Wurin. Daramin dusar ƙanƙara na tsiro cikin sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Koyaya, suna da wuya sosai a kan wurin da abun da ke ciki. Ya kamata a dasa su a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Wurin yakamata ya kasance yana da inuwa a lokacin bazara, amma yana da kyau a sami dumin rana a farkon bazara. Kyakkyawan dasa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu tsayi irin su walnut, ceri, chestnut da sauransu.
Zazzabi Plantaukar da tsire-tsire kullum yana jure ko da tsananin sanyi kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin tsari. A lokacin rani, yawan zafi fiye da kima na iya haifar da mutuwar kwararan fitila. Don wannan, kuna buƙatar inuwa daga bishiyoyi.
Kasar yakamata ya zama mai gina jiki da danshi, amma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. Abubuwa masu friable tare da ƙari na takin ko humus sun dace. Dole ne a ƙara yashi a cikin yumɓu.
Watse Ana buƙatar dusar kankara kawai tare da matsanancin fari. Yawancin lokaci suna da isasshen ruwa daga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama na bazara.
Taki. A lokacin girma da fure, yana da daraja a kowane wata. An zaɓi mahaɗan Phosphate da potassium. Daga wuce haddi na nitrogen, foliage ke tsiro da ƙarfi, wanda daga baya yakan shafi cututtukan fungal.
Cutar da kwari. Tare da stagnation na ruwa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙasa, dusar ƙanƙara ta sha wahala daga cututtukan fungal (tsatsa, mildew powdery, chlorosis). Don kare tsire-tsire masu wuya, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaicin ƙasa da wuri. Anyi shawarar zuwa lokaci-lokaci don bi da bi da kwararan fitila tare da fungicide. Tsarin kwari na halitta na galanthus sune slugs, caterpillars, bulb nematode, da mice. Daga rodents da slugs, yashi mara nauyi da dutsen kwasfa suna warwatse ko'ina cikin farfajiyar, har da ciyawar ciyawa da aka sanya a kusa da kewaye. Maganin rigakafin cutar zai kashe ka daga kananan kwari.
Amfani
Dasa dusar ƙanƙara a kan shafin, ba za ku iya yin ado da yankin kawai ba, har ma da yaduwar irin shuka. Galanthus suna da kyau a cikin dasa bishiyoyi a cikin lambunan dutse ko kuma a tsakiyar farfajiyar. Idan kun rarraba su a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, zaku iya samun magana mai laushi, kamar yadda ake yi a gandun daji.
A cikin gadajen furanni, ana sanya dusar ƙanƙara a cikin goshi, tare da sauran tsire-tsire mai haƙuri-tsire-tsire. Lokacin da furanni na farko suka shuɗe, hankali zai canza zuwa maƙwabta. Zai iya zama macizai, corydalis, primroses, medunits, peonies, runduna har ma da ferns.
Bouquets na snowdrops suna da kyau a cikin kayan ado ba tare da wani kayan ado ba, amma ana iya haɗe shi da ganye ko wasu samfuran fure. Kada ku tsaga furanni da yawa kuma ku tattara su a cikin gandun daji, saboda an sanya dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Zai fi kyau sha'awan kyawawan halayensu a kan titi.
Abin sha'awa shine, inji ya ƙunshi galantamine. Wannan alkaloid ya zama ruwan dare a tsakiyar karni na 20. Ana amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya kuma yana cikin magunguna don magance cutar Alzheimer da sauran cututtuka na tsarin juyayi.
