A baya, ƙwaƙwalwan Brahma sun kasance masu daraja ga manoman gida na gida saboda kyawawan halaye na nama. An bambanta su ta hanyar abincin mai dadi, m, nama mai cin abinci. Kyakkyawan kyawawan siffofi ne mai kyau, yana kawo farin ciki ga masu mallakar. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, siffofin tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in da suka fito a saman, saboda haka a yau ana amfani da bishin Braman a matsayin kayan ado da nama. Kafin ka yanke shawara game da kiwo irin wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ya kamata ya saba da siffofin su.
Tarihin asali
Chickens Brahma an cire su ne na dogon lokaci, kuma an yi rajistar su ne a 1874 a Arewacin Amirka. Sun zo ne daga ƙetare guda biyu - Malay da Kokhinhinsky. Na farko an rarrabe ta da kyakkyawan launi da kuma hali na fada, na biyu - ta kyakkyawar ingancin nama. A sakamakon haka, shayarwa sun kawo kyakkyawar irin nama.
Mazauna Rasha sun hadu da karamar Brama a cikin karni na XIX. An dade suna da daraja a matsayin nama. A cikin karni na ashirin, nau'in ya kasance daga cikin tsuntsayen gida guda biyar mafi yawan. A wannan lokacin, masu roosters zasu iya kai nauyin kg 7.
Idan kuka yi girma kaji don nama, kula da Jersey Giant, Plymouthrock, Orpington, Fireol, Cornish, irin na hakar Hungary.
Babban nauyin ma ya ba su da yawa matsaloli, tun da yake yana da wahala ga tsuntsaye su rike kafafu. A yau, suna ci gaba da bred saboda halaye na ado. A sakamakon hadawa tare da wasu ire-iren, sun rasa darajar gonaki kaji (a matsayin nau'in nama).
Shin kuna sani? Kaji na gida suna fitowa ne daga Bankin Bankin da ke zaune a Asiya. Sabbin bayanai daga masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa tsuntsaye tsuntsaye sun faru kimanin shekara dubu 6-8 da suka wuce a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asia da China.
Halin fasali
Halaye na waje na kaji na Brahma yana sauƙaƙa gane su daga sauran wuraren kiwon kaji. Suna halin da:
- kyakkyawan matsayi;
- babban jiki jiki;
- m kirji da ciki;
- ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa a cikin kwaskwarima a cikin nau'in kwari ba tare da bayyana bambancin hakora ba;
- red-orange idanu;
- cikakkun kafafu;
- fata fata;
- ƙwaƙƙƙen gajere mai ƙarfi na launin launi;
- jan 'yan kunne da' yan kunne;
- m plumage;
- hens kai nauyi na 3.5-4 kg, roosters 4.5-5 kg.
Ciniki kayan aiki
Tare da nauyin nauyin nama na 3 kg zai iya kawowa Ƙwai 100-120 a kowace shekara. Nauyin nauyin kowace kwai shine 50-65 g.
Gwargwadon kwanciya na Brahma zai fara a watanni 9. Rage yawan aiki a lokacin lokacin hunturu ba shi da muhimmanci. Raguwa a cikin samar da kwai yana faruwa a lokacin da kaza ya kai shekaru biyu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da ake kiwon kaji don amfanin qwai, ya kamata ya san cewa yawan nau'in samar da kwai yana shafar irin abubuwan da ya saba da mutum, yanayin yanayin gidaje, ingancin abinci, da kuma kakar.
Yanayin kaji
Halin tsuntsaye yana da siffofin da ke gaba:
- kwantar da hankali;
- Hakanan;
- gullibility;
- jaraba ga mutum.
Dabbobi iri
A yau, nau'in nau'i hudu na hen Brama suna bred, wanda ya bambanta a launi na launi:
- partridge;
- fawn;
- haske;
- duhu
Kuropatchataya
Babban launi na garkuwar raga na fawn launi tare da nau'in fuka-fukai guda uku a baki da launin toka. Roosters suna da ja tare da launi orange na kai da baya, ciki da ƙafafu baƙi ne tare da launi kore.
Partridge kwanciya hens sa qwai tare da haske launin ruwan kasa harsashi a dark launin ruwan kasa specks.
Koyi yadda za a kara yawan samar da kwai a cikin hunturu, dalilin da ya sa kaji suna ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwai, abin da ake buƙata kaji na bitamin don gwaninta, yadda za a binciki ƙwayoyin qwai, dalilin da ya sa kaji yayi naman qwai.
Fawn (buff)
Babban launi na plumage shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan zinari. Maza wakilan suna da manya mai duhu. Dukansu jima'i suna da ƙuƙwalwar duhu. Fuka-fuka a wuyansa baki ne. A baki baki da ƙarshen wutsiya. Idanu suna da launin ja-launin ruwan kasa.
Chickens an haifa rawaya ko duhu.
Biye da kanka da ka'idodin ƙwayoyin kaza, da ciyar da kaji a kwanakin farko na rayuwarsu, kiwon 'ya'yansu, hana cutar da magance kaji.
Haske
An kira wani jinsin da ake kira plumage mai suna Colombian. Harshensa shine mafi yawan launin siliki-fari. Fuka fuka-fuki da wutsiya sun ƙare ne.
Har ila yau, akwai ƙwallon baki a cikin nau'i na abin wuya a wuyan wuyansa. Roosters suna da ratsan baki a kan gashin tsuntsaye na lumbar, a cikin kaji babu irin wannan ratsi. Kwan zuma yana da matukar damuwa.
Shin kuna sani? An gano hotunan kaji a kabarin Tutankhamen, wanda aka gina a 1350 BC. er A Misira, masu nazarin ilmin kimiyya sun gudanar da aikin kwalliyar kaji, wanda aka yi shekaru 685-525 BC. er
Dark
Don ƙwayoyin duhu na irin Brahma suna da nauyin dabarar launi na plumage. Dark ratsuka kusa da iyakar gashinsa, wanda ya ba jikin tsuntsaye wata launi mai ban sha'awa. Shugaban shine launin azurfa. Fuka-fuka a wuyansa baƙi ne da fararen fata.
Roosters su ne mafi sauki launi. An shafe kansa da launin azurfa da fari tare da fatar baki. Sauran sassa na jiki basu da baki tare da launi.
Don dalilai na ado, kaji Araukan, Ayam Tsemani, Hamburg, Siliki na Siliki, Sibrayt, Aurora Blue, Gudan suna bred.
Tips don ciyar da kaji
Don samun kyakkyawan launi na kaji, abin da suke da kyau da kuma dadi, ba nama mai tsanani ba, yana da muhimmanci a zabi abincin abincin daidai. Ga wasu matakai akan yadda za'a ciyar da tsuntsaye Brahma daidai:
- Lokacin da ake adana kaji ana bada shawara don shirya abinci guda uku a rana. Ya kamata a ciyar da tsuntsaye a lokaci guda kowace rana.
- Ana bada shawara don biye da abincin da ake biye da su: safiya - hatsi abinci, abincin rana - rigar dusa tare da bugu da ruwa ko broth, ganye, maraice - hatsi.
- Ya kamata cin abinci ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwa da aka gyara: hatsi, bran, kayan lambu, kifin abinci, alli, gishiri. Dalili na menu ya zama hatsi.
- Kimanin kimanin yau da kullum zai iya kama kamar haka: hatsi - 50-55 g, rigar Mash - 30 g, Boiled dankali - 100 g, hay gari - 10 g, alli - 3 g, kashi ci abinci - 2 g, gishiri - 0.5 g A cikin hunturu, adadin abinci yana bukatar a kara dan kadan (bisa bukatun tsuntsaye).
- A cikin hawan kaza kuma a kan tafiya, ya kamata ka sanya jirgin ruwa wanda zai iya sanya kogin yashi ko ƙananan yashi. Wadannan abubuwa suna da muhimmanci don kyakkyawan aiki na yankin na narkewar tsuntsaye.
- Yawan abinci na yau da kullum ya kamata ya ƙunshi 15 g na gina jiki, 4 g na mai da 50 g na carbohydrates.
- Yana da muhimmanci a sauya menu lokaci-lokaci domin abinci ba mai dadi ba.
- Samun samun dama ga tsuntsaye ya kamata ya zama tasa mai sha da ruwan sha a dakin da zafin jiki.
- Don motsa kaji zuwa aikin motar, kana buƙatar zuba 10% na abinci kullum akan bene.
- Ma'adinai da kari tare da alli a cikin abun da ke ciki ya kamata a sanya a cikin wani raba trough.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne mai noma ya bi umarnin akan ƙara yawan abinci ga kaji. Tsuntsu wanda ba shi da kullun ko kuma overfed zai kasance mafi kusantar samun rashin lafiya. Ga irin Brahma yana da irin wannan cuta kamar kiba, don haka ya kamata ku yi hankali.
Maintenance da kula
Don samun nasara ya ƙunshi kajiyar Brahma bazai buƙata kowane yanayi na musamman ba. Suna da isasshen kaji mai adana da wuri don tafiya. Bukatun bukatun don tabbatarwa da kulawa:
- Fluff plumage da shaggy kafafu damar tsuntsaye su tsira sauƙi yanayin zafi kuma zauna a cikin wani unheated gidan hen.
- A cikin kwakwalwar kaza, tsuntsaye ya kamata a kiyaye shi a madadin 2-3 mutane da mita 1. m square. Cunkushe yana barazana da cututtuka masu yawa.
- A cikin daki inda tsuntsaye suke zama, tsabta da bushewa ya kamata a kiyaye, da sauyawar kwanciyar hankali a yau da kullum da kuma cututtuka ya kamata a yi, ciki har da masu cin abinci da masu sha.
- Dole ne a hade COOP tare da tsarin iska mai kyau. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, dakin ya kamata a sami akalla ɗaya taga.
- Ranar rana da aka ba da shawarar shine 14 hours. A lokacin hunturu, dakin ya kamata a ƙara haske.
- A cikin haɗin ya kamata a kasance irin waɗannan abubuwa masu mahimmanci: masu ciyar da abinci, masu shayarwa, nests, gado, haɗari. Ya kamata a lura da cewa, saboda babban nauyin, ƙwaƙwalwar Brahms suna da wuya a hawan kullun, don haka a gare su kana buƙatar saka kwanciya mai kyau a cikin kwanciyar hankali.
- A cikin kullin budewa ga kowane mutum ya zama 1 square. m square.
- A cikin aviary dole ne trough da masu sha. Kulle ne kyawawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk da cewa an nuna bambancin jikokin Brahma ta hanyar kyakkyawar ilimin uwata, an bayar da shawarar cewa dabbobi da yawa sunyi amfani da su, saboda akwai lokuta idan manyan tsuntsaye suke cinye qwai.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Wannan nau'in yana da dukkan ƙarfinsa da ƙananan hanyoyi.
Amfanin:
- kyau na waje;
- yiwuwar kiwo a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi;
- Kyakkyawan nama nama tare da dandano mai kyau;
- kulawa mara kyau;
- ilimin haɓakaccen mahaifi;
- kwantar da hankali.
- marigayi maturation;
- cututtuka masu yawa a matasa.
Raunin kaji Brahma: bidiyo
Hanyoyin Brahma: reviews
Akwai manoma masu kiwon kaji waɗanda ke hulɗa da tsuntsu da gaske kuma suna adana kaji mai yawa, kamar dai suna tallafawa irin wannan nau'in, amma kadan daga cikinsu. A matsayinka na mulkin, Brahma na zamani ita ce kilogiram na roosters da kaji kadan. Da zarar lokaci daya, Brahma ya dauke shi daga wani mai son da wannan nau'in, kuma ya kawo tsuntsu daga kasashen waje, masu karfin kilo 6 kg kowanne 4.5 kg kowace.
