Yadda za a kula da girma kararrawa

Murmushi mai ɗakuna yana daya daga cikin furanni masu ƙarancin lambu, siffarsa kamar siffofin ƙananan karrarawa da ke tsaye a kan kafafun kafa. Kamar yadda albarkatun gonaki, waɗannan furanni masu kyau suna launi daban-daban da bambancin bambanta. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu tattauna abin da irin lambun lambun da suke ciki, yadda za a shuka shi a gida da kuma amfani da ita a cikin tsarin zane-zane.

Bayanan Botanical

Karrarawa suna cika (a Latin Campanula glomerata) suna da wani suna - da karrarawa ne 'yan kasa. Wannan tsire-tsire na tsinkayyar Bell kuma na cikin iyalin Kolokolchikovyh.

Kolokolchikov iyali ma sun hada da irin wadannan tsire-tsire a matsayin kararrawa mai laushi, ƙwaƙwalwa mai ban mamaki, campanula, kararraki mai launi, trachelium, da platicodone.

Suna da matakan mai tushe daga 20 zuwa 100 centimeters high, da aka rufe da silvery fluff, wani lokacin danda, launin toka-kore ko m.

Bar kaucewa ko ƙaddamarwa. Flowers haske mai haske, blue, purple purple ko fari, har zuwa 3 centimeters tsawo, tattara a cikin wani spherical inflorescence a sosai saman na mai tushe.

Kwangiran da aka yi maƙarƙashiya sune fararen, fara farawa daga farkon lokacin rani kuma sun gama a farkon rabin watan Satumba. Ba al'ada ba ne don kulawa, tsayayya ga kwari, ba damuwa da yanayin yanayin zafi ba kuma zai iya jure wa rashin laushi na wucin gadi.

An san kyawawan kaddarorin wannan furen, saboda haka a cikin maganin gargajiya ana amfani da shi azaman mai ƙin kumburi, mai kwarewa da kuma ciwo ga ciwon kai, ƙuƙwalwa na baki da ƙura, da kuma muryar murya.

Koyi yadda yadda ciwon kai ke ba da shawarar yin amfani da periwinkle, catnip, ganye na ƙwaƙwalwa, linden, ginger, bluebush, ruhun nana, motherwort ganye.

Rarraba da mazaunin

A karkashin yanayin yanayi, waɗannan furanni suna girma a ko'ina: a cikin gandun daji na farin ciki, a filin da a cikin itatuwan gona a cikin gandun daji. Yankunan wadannan furanni sune yankuna masu yawa: daga kasar Iran zuwa Japan, da kuma Turai da Arewacin Amirka.

Shin kuna sani? Tarihin tsohuwar tarihin Rasha ya ce furanni na karrarawa sun fito ne sakamakon sakamakon hawan magunguna da kuma ƙananan karrarawa a kan dawakan da ke cikin kaya. Dukkanin yankunan kauyukan da aka sanar da wadannan sauti, kuma inda masararrun suka fadi, waɗannan furanni masu girma sun girma.

Popular iri na kararrawa

Akwai nau'o'i iri-iri na kararrawa da aka yi amfani da shi wanda lambu ke son yin amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sararin samaniya, sun bambanta da juna a cikin wasu shanu daban-daban. A ƙasa muna ba da wasu nau'o'in wannan furen kuma muna bayyana alamarsu iri-iri.

"Gnome" (Campanula glomerata "Dwarf").

Ganye yana takaice, 20 centimeters a tsawo, tare da elongated da zuciya-dimbin yawa, ganye mats rufe fluff. Daga tushe ya fita da yawa matakai. Da kararrawa "Gnome" yana da furanni mai launin rawaya mai launin duhu, wanda aka tara a cikin manyan batutuwa.

Wannan iri-iri ne mai ban mamaki taurarin hunturu da kuma rashin kulawa ga yanayin ci gaban. Ya kamata a shayar da shi kawai tare da yanayin zafi mai tsawo. A flower yana son lemun tsami da hadaddun ma'adinai da takin mai magani.

Don ƙaddamar da takin mai magani ma'adinai sun hada da "Master", "Kemira", "Sudarushka", "AgroMaster", "Plantafol", "Mortar", nitroammofoska, "Crystal".

Wannan flower ma yana da ƙananan tushe, 20-25 centimeters. Furen furanni tare da gajeren pedicels tattara a cikin apical da axillary capitate inflorescences na game da 20 guda. Lokacin da cututtuka suka ɓace, ƙwayoyin suna ɓacewa tare da raguwa daga cikin ganyayyaki.

Kafin mutuwar tsofaffin tsofaffi sun mutu, sababbin sababbin sun bayyana, kuma flowering ya ci gaba har sai kaka. Wadannan karrarawa zasu iya girma sosai a flowerbeds fiye da su iya nutsar da dasa na wasu furanni.

Tsire-tsire suna son wuri inda akwai rana mai yawa, kuma ƙasa a gare su ya zama dan kadan, haske da takin tare da humus da lemun tsami. Ƙararren fata yana da kyau a cikin mixborders, a cikin fure-faye da kuma nunin faifai.

Carolina (Campanula glomerata Caroline).

Wannan furen zai kasance dan kadan fiye da 'yan'uwa biyu da suka gabata, tare da tsawo daga 30 zuwa 60 inji, tare da tushe da ganye. Ganye suna da siffar tsalle-oblong ko launi, da hakora a kan gefuna, a kan raga an shirya su a gefe biyu.

Furen za su iya zama haske mai launin shuɗi ko mai launin shudi, inimita biyu na diamita, wanda ya kasance a cikin adel axillary capitate inflorescences lambobi har zuwa guda 20.

Gudun ruwa yana daga Yuni zuwa Yuli don kwana 35 a wuraren budewa da kuma rana. Karrarawa "Carolina" ya fi son kwalliya, haske da ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka su a cikin mixborders ko kungiyoyi, da kuma yanke.

Blue (Campanula glomerata "Blue").

Girman waɗannan karrarawa sun kai daga 30 zuwa 60 centimeters. Suna da tsayayye, tsirrai ko marubuta, wanda ƙwayoyin mai santsi da tsire-tsire suke girma. Ƙirƙirwar Bell, ƙwallon biyu na santimita mai launin launi mai launin ruwan sama, a saman mai tushe an hade shi zuwa ƙananan ƙarancin har zuwa 6 centimeters a tsawon, a cikin nau'i na ball.

Blue ƙararrawa ya yi fure a watan Yuni da kuma watanni biyu. Ya likes haske mai kyau, m da m inuwa. Ya kamata kasar gona ta kasance tsaka tsaki, mai kyau da kuma tsabta. Ganye ba ya jure wa ƙananan lowlands. A cikin hunturu, yana da wuya, ga yanayin girma da ƙasa - babu gunaguni.

"Bellefleur Blue", blue (Campanula glomerata "Bellefleur blue") da "Bellefleur vayt", farin (Campanula glomerata "Bellefleur farin").

Waɗannan su ne nau'i-launi biyu masu launin iri ɗaya na kararrawa da aka yi tare da launin fata da launin shudi mai launin shuɗi. Sassan daga 20 zuwa 25 inimita high, kafa, banda ko in fluff hairs. A kan mai tushe akwai rubutun elliptical tare da shinge mai tsabta.

Ana yin furanni a cikin nau'i mai zurfi. Yanayin ruwan 'ya'yan itace - daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Saka - sanyi-resistant, ya dace da fitarwa cikin kwantena ko flowerpots zuwa 3 lita.

Shin kuna sani? An jefa kararrakin farko na kirista daga tagulla a 1500 a lardin Campania, a Italiya. A cewar labari, Bishopin Paulinius na gida, yana tafiya a kusa da kauyensa, ya ba da hankali ga karrarawa a ko'ina. Kuma har ma ya zama kamar shi ne lokacin da iska ta busa ƙaho, sai suka yi rukuni kuma suka yi murmushi. Bayan haka, sai ya yi umurni don yin furanni na farko na jan karfe.

Blue ko prefab blue "Superba" (Campanula glomerata "Superba").

Kyau tare da mai tushe daga 40 zuwa 60 centimeters tsawo, tare da haske, blue-violet furanni a diamita har zuwa 2.5 cm, samar da captained inflorescences. Ganye suna da duhu, mai laushi, tsalle-tsalle, da ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa a kasa. Lokacin flowering shine Yuli-Agusta.

Blossoming yalwatacce da tsawo. Frost-resistant. Gidan yana son duk wurare masu haske na gadaje, da m inuwa. Kasar gona na bukatar m, tsaka tsaki ko kadan acidic, tare da mai kyau magudanarwa da danshi.

Da karrarawa na wannan iri-iri suna da kyau a cikin rockeries, a kan lawns na Moorish, a rabatkah, da kuma a cikin hanyar dage fences. Dangane da launi mai launi mai launi suna da kyau a cikin rosaries.

Yi amfani da zane-zane

Saboda gaskiyar cewa dukkanin nau'ukan kararrawa masu yawa suna da kayan ado sosai, ana amfani dashi tare da jin dadi a tsarin shimfidar wuri a cikin gonar gonar, da kuma a wuraren shakatawa da kuma murabba'ai a cikin birane.

Ana iya amfani da karrarawa ga kowane gandun daji, kamar yadda suke iya kawo nauyin m tausayi da sauki a cikin kowane abun da ke ciki tare da furanni na launin fure.

Alal misali:

• mafi girma iri, kamar "Carolina", "Blue", "Superba", ana shuka mafi kyau a cikin mafi tsakiya na gadaje na gadaje ko kwanciya, kuma za su yi kallo a karkashin rufin bishiyoyi;
• waɗannan karrarawa da suka fi ƙanƙan (Belle Blut, Belfleur White, da dai sauransu) za a iya amfani da su a cikin rukuni na rukuni, a kan iyakoki, an sanya su a kan tudu mai tsayi da kuma cikin tsire-tsire na wardi;
• har ma da kusurwa mafi kusurwa na gonar za a iya yi wa ado da tsayi tsire-tsire, samar da fashewar fashewa na mãkirci. Zai zama da kyau a kalli haɗuwa da karrarawa na nau'o'i daban-daban, alal misali, fari da duhu mai launi;
• Tudun tuddai da dutsen dutsen suna iya yin ado da nau'o'in nau'in iri, inda zane-zane mai launin shuɗi, fari, mai launi da zane-zane mai ban sha'awa a bango da duwatsu masu ado zasu haifar da yanayi mai ban mamaki;
• a cikin yanayin wuri na filin gona ko wurin shakatawa, kararrawa ta hadu daidai da sauran "makwabta": stonecrop, Veronica, Zelenchuk, yasnotkoy, daisies, pansies, davyanik da hatsi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Lura cewa karrarawa da aka dasa a cikin shinge na shinge zai sami furanni mai girma, amma tsire-tsire zasu yi fure kadan daga baya.

Girma a gida

Lokacin da karar ƙararrawa ta taru a gida, babu wata wahala ta musamman, saboda wannan fure ba shi da kyau kuma zai iya dacewa da kowane yanayi na rayuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa manyan buds, tsayayyun furanni da kuma kayan ado a cikin lokacin dumi yana dogara ne akan samar da yanayin jin dadi ga al'ada.

Sabili da haka, idan kun lura da dukkanin hankalin karrarawa a gida, za a iya samun sakamako mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari za mu yi magana game da waɗannan ƙwarewar.

Yanayin tsarewa

Kamar yadda muka fada, yanayin da ake girma na amfanin gonar ba shi da wahala.

Yana da muhimmanci kawai a lura da wadannan matakan:

• karrarawa sun fi dacewa su yi girma a bude, wurare masu zafi ko yankunan shaded;
• Zai yiwu a dasa furanni ba kawai kai tsaye a kan gado ba, har ma a cikin kwantena ko kwallis na 1 zuwa 3 lita;
• wadannan furanni suna so su yi girma sosai, don haka suna bukatar a dasa su a wata nesa mafi kyau daga juna (nisan za a nuna a kasa);
• idan shuka ya kara karfi, to, a kowace shekara 4 yana da muhimmanci don rarraba bishiyoyi a cikin delenki da shuka kayan shuka, lura da tsattsauran da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire;
• a cikin yankin da za ku shuka karrarawa, kada a yi laushi. Wannan al'ada ba ya son farfadowa da ƙasa, saboda haka wurare marasa kyau ba zasu dace da shi ba;
• Tsire-tsire ba sa son kasancewar weeds, don haka yana da muhimmanci a cike da sako da kuma sassauta ƙasa;
• idan ka cire furen furen da suka ɓace daga karrarawa a lokaci, zaku iya tsawan lokaci da furanni;
• al'ada yana da tsayayya ga tsokar rana, sabili da haka baya buƙatar ƙarin tsari a cikin hunturu.

Kasar gona da taki

Da abun da ke cikin ƙasa karrarawa ba su da karfi sosai, saboda haka zasu iya girma akan kowane ƙasa.

Duk da haka akwai wasu mahimman dokoki:

• Ƙasashe masu rarrafe ko kasa masu rauni suna da kyau don dasa shuki amfanin gona;
• ba za a iya dasa furanni a cikin ƙasa mai yumbu ba tare da kullun ruwa, in ba haka ba a cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire suna da hadarin daskarewa;
• da kararrawa za ta yi girma sosai kuma ta bunkasa a kan ƙasa mai laushi;
• idan kana da ƙasa mai ƙananan fata a shafin, ana iya diluted shi da humus da yashi. Idan kasar gona ta yi talauci, to, ku ƙara ƙasa da taki zuwa turf.

Yanzu bari mu magana kai tsaye game da takin mai magani dace da girma karrarawa:

• your furanni za su dace daidai da gabatarwar rotted taki da superphosphate cikin ƙasa;
• Ba'a bada shawarar kawo hatsi da kaya a cikin ƙasa don tsire-tsire, saboda wannan yana barazana ga cututtuka;
• idan ƙasa a yankinka na da kyau, yana da isasshen lokaci don ƙara itace zuwa gare shi. Wannan shawara kuma dace da ƙasa tare da rauni acid dauki;
• ya zama dole don takin kasar gona akan: ba fiye da 5-10 g na ma'adinai na ma'adinai ba da mintin meter;
• Dogaro mafi tsayi na tsire-tsire ya kamata a yi sau uku a kakar: kafin farkon flowering, a lokacin da yake shukawa da kuma bayan.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku shafe shi da taki ƙasa don karrarawa, don haka ba zai ba da karfi mai girma na harbe ba, daga abin da flowering zai iya sha wahala.

Watering da danshi

Don karrarawa, rashin wucin gadi na wucin gadi ba abu ne mai ban tsoro ba, babban abu shine tunawa cewa tsire-tsire ba za a iya shawo kan fari ba. Watering ya zama matsakaici, kamar yadda ƙasa ta kafe.

Kiwo

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na kiwo wannan shuka:

• tsaba;
• vegetatively.

Dubi duk wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu.

Tsaba

Don dasa shuki iri karrarawa suna da wadannan bukatun:

• Dole ne a tattara kayan dasawa bayan an gama balaga, ta girgiza tsaba daga ciki kuma ta hana su daga rarrabawa;
• Ya kamata a shuka 'ya'yan itace a farkon spring a cikin wani gine-gine ko a cikin ƙasa mai dumi a yanayi mai dumi (dangane da yanayin damina) - Mayu, Yuni, Yuli, Agusta.

Yanzu tsari na dasa shuki tsaba:

1. Tona sama da kyau.
2. Nemi rami mai zurfi a nesa na akalla 15-20 cm daga juna.
3. Kowane rami dole ne a shayar.
4. Sanya tsaba zuwa zurfin 5 cm.
5. Rasa ƙasa cikin rami kuma a sake zuba shi.

Idan kun shuka tsaba a wuri mai kyau, to, bayan makonni biyu karrarawa za su cigaba, kuma idan a cikin inuwa, to zai dauki wata mako. Kodayake yawan amfanin gonar shuka yana da kyau, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zasu iya shuka kawai don kakar ta gaba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don sauƙaƙe tsarin dasa shuki da tsaba da kuma samun uniform germination, siffar busassun yashi yana kara zuwa ga tsaba.

Vegetative

Tsarin launin bluebells da sauri ya kasance mai cin ganyayyaki, wanda aka raba rassan mai shekara 3-4 zuwa sassa daban-daban. Akwai wata hanya - grafting. Yanzu za mu fada game da kowane hanya daban.

Ƙaddamarwa zuwa sassa shi ne kamar haka:

1. A farkon watan Mayu ko a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na Agusta (farkon da ƙarshen kakar girma) yana da muhimmanci don fitar da mahaifiyarsa.
2. Don rage ruwa mai tsabta da inganta ingantaccen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kan tsire-tsire masu lakabi, dole a yanke dukkan harbe.
3. Raba rhizomes cikin sassa.
4. Don sauko da sakamakon delenki a wuraren da aka shirya, ba tare da yin la'akari da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa ba.
5. Ruwa da kayan dasa.
6. Idan kana so ka raba manyan bushes a kananan sassa, to, ba za ka iya dasa su ba a cikin ƙasa, amma a cikin kwantena don girma zuwa girman da ake so.

Yankan ana yin kamar haka:

1. Yanke daga harbe na bellflower cuttings na 3 cm, sabõda haka, kowane daga cikinsu yana da 1-2 buds.
2. Yanke bushe na minti 30.
3. Cika da perlite ko tare da cakuda yashi da kuma peat wani nau'i-nau'i-nau'i mai yawa don dasa kayan.
4. Shuka cututtuka na tsire-tsire 3 na tantanin halitta.
5. Ruwa da seedlings tare da rauni bayani na potassium permanganate. Watering kada ya kasance m, kamar yadda ƙasa mai laushi ne da kyau kiyaye su a karkashin polyethylene, da kuma spraying - lokaci. An kafa tushen tsarin cuttings a cikin kwanaki 20.

Abota da zafin jiki

Kusan dukkan nau'ikan kararrawa sun yi kama da tauraron hunturu, yayin da suke cike yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 40. A cikin mafi yawan latitudes a kudancin, ba za a iya rufe tsire-tsire don hunturu ba.

Idan a cikin yankin yankin da ke da matsananciyar wahala, to, a cikin fall, don hana furanni daga daskarewa, za a iya zuba bishiyoyin da aka yanke ta tushen ganye tare da busassun ganye ko peat, kuma zaka iya rufe su da ganye.

Matsalolin da suka yiwu a girma

Ba a kiyaye matsaloli na musamman akan girma wadannan furanni. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake buƙata na sama don hasken haske, ruwan sanyi da zazzabi, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sauye-sauye da yawa, sassauta ƙasa, kazalika da cire kauyen ƙwayoyi.

Wani abu kuma kana buƙatar kula da lokacin da girma wannan amfanin gona shine cututtuka da kwari.

Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi

Ana iya faɗi cewa girgiza da kararrawa ya yi watsi da cututtuka da cututtuka masu cutarwa.

Amma idan tsire-tsire na girma na dogon lokaci a wuri ɗaya a lambun ku, to, akwai barazanar irin wannan cututtuka kamar:

• fusarium - Tsarin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu lalacewa ta hanyar fungi na Fusarium. Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta yana shafi ƙasa da tsaba. A cikin wannan cuta, tushen abin wuya da kuma tushen kansu rot. Ayyuka sun zama launin ruwan kasa, tsintsin ya zama na bakin ciki, ganyayyaki zasu fara juya launin rawaya, bayan abincin ya mutu. Hanyar sarrafawa ta Fusarium - kula da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da furotin dauke da azoles, misali, "Fundazole";
• sclerotinia, ko fararen launi - Waɗannan su ne masarufi, furen fararen furanni, tsirrai da ganye. Asalin kamuwa da cuta yana gurbata ƙasa. Matakan da za a magance wannan cuta shine kiyaye tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, juye ƙasa a cikin fall da kuma lalata shuke-shuke da cututtuka;
• botrytiosis, ko launin toka - microscopic botrytis namomin kaza. Kwayoyin cututtuka na shan kashi - ganyayyakin tsire-tsire suna cike da aibobi waɗanda suka ƙunshi nau'i na naman gwari. A m gwargwado za a iya spraying kowane 14 days tare da cakuda 2 g na jan karfe sulphate da 20 g na kore sabulu (kwari da kwari). Yin amfani da kashi 1.5% na ruwa Bordeaux zai zama tasiri.

Akwai ma irin wannan makiya na karrarawa a matsayin cutarwa kwari:

• abincin caterpillars na ganye;
• gizo-gizo mite;
• raguwa;
• slugs

Daga kowace kwaro akwai wasu shirye-shirye na kwari wanda za a iya saya a cikin shaguna na musamman.

Idan muka biyo baya, zamu jaddada cewa idan kun bi duk matakan da za a dasa, kulawa da kuma hana cututtuka a karrarawa, waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsirrai ne cikakke ga masu sha'awar kayan lambu na kayan lambu waɗanda ba su da lokaci mai tsawo don kula da gonar su.