Resistant zuwa scab da sanyi - Altai Rudy apple itacen

Itacen itace daya daga cikin manyan 'ya'yan itace a Rasha.

Ta hanyar janyo hanyoyi masu yawa iri daban-daban na itatuwan apple sun samo asali, ciki har da mai sanyi zuwa yanayin sanyi.

Ana buƙatar iri iri masu zafi a cikin yankuna kamar yadda Siberia, da Far East, da Ural yankin.

Daya daga cikin iri da aka samu ta hanyar aikin shayarwa na yankin Altai shi ne nau'in appleAltai ruddy.

Wane irin ne?

Ana samo nau'in iri-iri na Altai ruddy ta hanyar haye Belfleur-China da Melba pollen tare da mai Arewa. Wannan nau'in yana da halayyar lokaci na fruiting. By ripening - Yawancin lokacin rania gado har zuwa kwanaki 60.

Bishiyoyi suna kawo amfanin gona ba kowace shekara, amma a cikin shekara daya. Masana kimiyya sun gano dalilin wannan alama.

Gaskiyar ita ce, itacen apple a cikin shekara guda yana nunawa babban adadin 'ya'yan itace kuma ya ba da yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa, saboda haka ba shi da lokacin yin ajiya a kan adadin abubuwan gina jiki da' ya'yan itace don shekara ta gaba ba a kafa.

Sauran rani sun hada da itatuwan apple: Arkadik, Jumma'a Chernenko, Korobovka, Saurin rani, Red Cake, Kudancin, Girma ga Winner, Solyesedar, Siyanets Solntsedara, Yauyiva, Yablichar, Yabylyar, Yablitera, Yaradava, Yabichar, Yabiliya, Yubylyar, Yablekovsky, Yablichar Mai ceto, Malinovka, Papirovka, Gornist, Gorno-Altai, Augustus.

Bayanin bayanin Altai Ruddy

Apple suna da kyau bayyanarwato matsakaici tsayi tare da daidaita karamin kambi kambiWannan kama ball.

Branches na itatuwan apple suna babba, mai iko, an umurce su a tsaye har zuwa sama.

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan igiyoyi ne da buds a karshen. Tsawon su daga 5 zuwa 7 centimeters. Yana cikin su cewa fruiting faruwa.

Apple ganye suna da duhu, mai taushi ga taɓawa. Nau'in ya yi kama da kwai, kuma yana da bend na tsakiya.

Apple itatuwa kai kai kuma suna masu kyau pollinatorsdace da giciye-pollination rani rani: Melba, Farin Farin, Kurciya Altai.

'Ya'yan itãcen sauti Altai ruddy zagaye, ƙananan ƙananan, girman nauyin nauyin daga 55 zuwa 100 grams.

Launi na apples ne haske ja tare da cream tints. Fata ne mai santsi tare da raƙuman raƙuman rawaya.

Nauyin rawaya mai kyau mai tsami na apple yana da dadi mai dadi da ƙanshi mai haske.

Tsire-tsire na Apple ya ragu kuma ya fi tsayi.

'Ya'yan itacen yana da nau'i mai nau'i na iri da ƙananan rami.

Hotuna

Tarihin kiwo

Halitta na Altai Rosy apple iri-iri ne: Lisavenko MA, Kornienko L.Yu., Grankina Z.A., Kalinina I.P., Zhebrovskaya L.Yu.. Sun yi aiki a ciki Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Abinci na Siberia.

Daga bisani, iri-iri sun zama tartsatsi a yankunan Arewa da arewa maso yammacin Rasha: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Kaliningrad yankuna.

Wannan iri-iri ne ya shiga cikin littafan amfanin gona a 1985.

Yankin ci gaban halitta

Yankin na halitta iri-iri girma shi ne Altai Krai. A shekara ta 1988, an zubar da shi a yankin Far Eastern (Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Obast), Siberia Siyasa (Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, yankuna) da kuma Urals (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk Regions).

Tsarin yanayi a cikin wadannan yankuna an bambanta da siffofin da ke tattare da su: tsawon lokaci na hunturu da kuma yanayin zafi a wannan lokacin, wani ɗan gajeren zafi.

Hanyar ci gaban itatuwan apple a cikin waɗannan yankuna shi ne saboda saitin nau'in halayen kwayoyin halitta a cikin wannan nau'in.

Don dasa shuki a cikin wadannan yankuna, wadannan nau'o'in sun dace: Belfleur Bashkir, Altai Crimson, Anis Sverdlovsk, Long (China), Bratchud, Taft, Covenant, Gidajen Aljanna, Snowdrop, Persian, Pepin Shafranny, Fitilar, Sokolovskoye, Ural Native, Orange, Pentin Shafranny , Phoenix na Altai, 'yar Pepinchik, Lyubava, Altynai.

Yawo

Apple Altai ruddy fara farawa kawai 4 ko 5 shekaru bayan saukarwasuna da yawan amfanin ƙasa daga 60 zuwa 80 kg daga itace.

An kiyasta yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekaru 10 da suka wuce ya kai 13 ton a kowace hectare.

Dasa da kulawa

Don cimma matsakaicin yawan amfanin itatuwan apple, dole ne ku dasa su da kyau kuma ku samar da gonarku tare da kulawa da kyau da kariya daga kwari.

Dokokin shimfiɗa:

• A wurin da aka zaba a hankali ka shirya ƙasa. Kana buƙatar takin aƙalla akalla 50 cm zurfi. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar har zuwa 100 quintals da hectare na Organic kuma har zuwa 2 quintals per hectare na ma'adinai da takin mai magani.
• Wannan iri-iri za a iya dasa shi cikin ɗaya daga cikin kalmomi biyu: ko dai farkon a cikin bazara (wannan zai kasance daga rabi na biyu na Afrilu zuwa farkon rabin Mayu), ko a cikin kaka (daga marigayi Satumba zuwa farkon Oktoba).

Idan kuka shuka seedlings a cikin bazara, rami ya fi kyau a shirya a cikin fall, ya rufe shi don hunturu, alal misali, tare da tarpaulin. Idan dasa shuki a cikin kaka, ana shirya rami a wata guda kafin dasa shuki itace.

• Nisa daga cikin rami ya kamata ya zama 70-100 centimeters, zurfin daga 70 zuwa 90 centimeters. Yayin da ƙasa ta rage, ramin ya kamata a zurfafa ta da centimita 5.
• Dole ne a tsabtace tofo. Don yin wannan, an sanya su a cikin mai magana daga ƙasa. Yana da ruwan kwakwalwan ruwa da ruwa da yumbu da ƙasa. Don ƙirƙirar shi, ɗauka zane mai tsabta inda ya rushe cakuda da sanya sauti a cikinta. Bayan wannan, kunsa masana'anta kuma sanya dukkan tsarin a cikin jakar filastik.

Idan akwai wuraren lalacewa a cikin tushen tsarin, dole ne su kasance tsafe zuwa itacen lafiya. Lokacin da dasa bishiya a cikin ƙasa, asalinsu suna sassauka cikin zurfin ciki da gefe.

• Lokacin da aka kawo saukowa, bar wurin canja wuri daga tushen zuwa ɓangaren sama a ƙasa a matakin ƙasa ko dan kadan a ƙasa. Around the seedling yi rami ga dukan girman da rami.
• Don watering daya shuka kana buƙatar 3-4 buckets na ruwa.. Bayan da ruwan ya shafe gaba ɗaya, dole ne a shafe da kyau tare da kayan abin da aka kwashe. Zaka iya ɗaukar sawdust, peat ko kawai bushe ƙasa.
• Bayan dasa shuki su seedlings rage ta kashi daya bisa uku daga tsayin hawan su zuwa ga ido, wanda daga baya za'a kafa mafita.

Bugu da ƙari, dasa shuki mai kyau, yaro yana bukatar kulawa mai kyau domin ya iya zama itace mai kyau.

• A cikin 'yan shekarun baya bayan dasa shuki shuka Spud 20 centimeters tsayi kuma sanya kayan aiki zuwa gangar jikin bai fara girma a gefe ba.
• A lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, don kare itacen daga karya rassan da ke ƙarƙashin su sanya props. Idan akwai, ana rarraba nauyin 'ya'yan itace akan rassan a kowane lokaci.
• Kwanakin kaka tono ƙasa, yin batir. Don kare tushen sa a cikin hunturu a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi na ƙasa Na tono a humus.
• Don karewa daga rodents da kunar rana a jiki, an rufe dashi a jikin kayan da ke ciki. Yafi kyau a yi amfani da yadudduka, kamar yadda suke ba da iska da ruwa su ratsa.
• Don shirya domin hunturu a karshen lokacin rani dakatar da bishiyoyi. Ya kamata kyallen takarda ya dakatar da ci gaban girma da kuma samar da samfurori na kayan aiki. Kuna buƙatar yankakken bishiyoyi da magungunan kwari. Anyi wannan hanya a zafin jiki ba kasa da 5 C.

Daidaitawa da dokoki masu dacewa don dasa shuki da kulawa da bishiyoyin apple zasu samar da ku mai kyau.

Amma ban da abin da ke da shi don yaki da pathogens da kwariwanda ke son zama a cikin kuɗin shuke-shuke.

Cututtuka da kwari

Mealy dew. Ana haifar da fungi na microscopic wanda ya samar da launin toka a kan ganye, buds, inflorescences, bayan maturation na ruwa mai magungunan pathogen ya fara bayyana, kuma ruwan ya samo launin ruwan kasa.

Bar, buds da buds bushe kuma fada a kashe. Amfani don magani magunguna "Topaz", "Hom", Skor ". Ana gudanar da magani ne a karo na farko a lokacin da aka samu ganye, na biyu bayan flowering, na uku bayan tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Cytosporosis.Cutar cutar da ke shafi hawan bishiyoyi. Halinsa shine bayyanar da ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa a kan gangar jikin itace. Yankunan da aka lalata sun fadi tare da rassan da ke kan su.

Na farko da za a magance cytosporosis an yi a cikin bazara kafin bayyanar ganye, ta hanyar amfani da "Homa" bayani. An yi wajibi na biyu kafin lokacin da aka samu furanni - jan karfe sulphate. Na uku bayan flowering - Magana "Homa".

Fruit rot. Brown rot ya bayyana a kan ripening apples. Don magance shi, yi amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Hom", yin magunguna biyu. Na farko a lokacin lokacin da aka samu ganye, na biyu - bayan flowering. An girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa masu cinye daga bishiyoyi da ƙasa kuma sun kone su.

Black ciwon daji Zaka iya lura da wannan cuta ta wurin kasancewar alamun halayen a kan ganye, wanda ya karu a cikin girman da lambobi. Murfin itace yana ɓoyewa, tsirrai na tsire-tsire yana hawaye kuma ya fita.

Bayan flowering ganye sprayed Bordeaux ruwa. Dole a ƙone ƙananan sassa a wuri mai nisa daga shafin.

Baya ga cututtuka daban-daban itatuwa suna fama da kwarishafi ganye, haushi, furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Jarabawa da hanyoyi don magance su.

Babban kwari na apple itatuwa ne apple mites, aphid da moth ganye da kuma moths, crayfish, asu da tsvetoyed.

Apple aphid tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen shuka, don kare shi da amfani spraying taba broth ko karbofos bayani.

Don hana kuma magance apple mite suna tsabtace tsofaffin yankuna na haushi kuma suna ƙone su daga apple plantings.

Daga ƙusar da ƙwaƙwalwa rabu da mu da wuya. Fesa tare da bayani na karbofosovom ko hayaki taba.

Yin amfani da bayani mai laushi na chlorophos ko "Zolona", zaka iya lashe apple asu, leafworm da flower ƙwaro.

Kare apple itatuwa daga kwari a lokacin da shirya don hunturu da farkon spring.

A cikin kaka, tabbatar da tattara da kuma ƙone ƙananan ganye. Rawanin bazara na raguwa da rassan.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura da abũbuwan amfãni da disadvantages na Altai Rosy iri-iri.

Abũbuwan amfãni: jure yanayin sauya yanayin zafin jiki, girkewa da wuri da kuma samar da 'ya'yan itace.

Abubuwan rashin amfani sun haɗa da: ƙananan ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace, da zubar da karfi da ƙananan rayuwa.