Calla (Callas) shine tsararren shuka daga dangin Aroid. Yana girma a cikin ƙasa mai narkewa ko kuma ruwan tsarkakakkun jikunan wurare na yanayin zafi da kuma canjin yanayin Hean arewacin Hemisphere. A cikin daji, ana iya samunsa a Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa. Wani jinsin dabam ya girma a Afirka. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire daidai a matsayin lambun da furen gida, kamar yadda ake amfani dashi a magani. Wannan m alama ga mutane da yawa sosai capricious da wuya, amma wasu flower masu girbi da'awar cewa calla girma da kyau kuma blooms. Kawai kadan hankali da dama zaɓi na wurare don shuka sun isa.
Bayanin Shuka
Calla ne mai herbaceous perennial tare da creeping rhizome da creeping harbi a ƙasa. Tsayinsa bai wuce 10-25 cm sama da matakin ƙasa ba. An samo nau'ikan Rhizome da bututu. Rassanan, wanda zai iya girma har zuwa cm 60 a tsayin daka, yawanci yakan rabu da babban tushe .. Daga waje, suna kama da tsutsotsi masu lalata tare da alamomin shekara. Kauri daga tushen tare da tsawon tsawon shine kawai 1.5-2 mm.
Regular ganye girma perpendicular zuwa ga ƙasa a kan dogon fleshy petioles. An farantan faranti ne ko kuma zuciya mai kamannin kai da dan kadan nuna baki mai kauri ko kuma bangarorin hannu. Radial ko arched na jijiyoyin bugun jini ana iya ganin su akan foliage. Ganyen kwalliya mai laushi mai laushi mai tsiro mai girma 6-16 cm tsayi kuma tsawonta 5-14 cm launi ya cika sosai, koren duhu.
A watan Mayu-Yuli, wani inflorescence fure tare da furanni masu yawa na bisexual tare da diamita ba fiye da cm 1. Suna zama a saman farfajiyar, suna shirya cikin karkace. Kowane fure mai fure yana da stamens 6 da ovary tare da carpels 3-6. Tsawon inflorescence a cikin siffar kunnuwa kusan cm 6 Yana da sashin tsarin silima mai kauri. A kusa da murfin rufi (takardar sutura). Sau da yawa yana da fararen launi tare da tushe mai launin kore.
Wata daya bayan pollination, berries m m ripen tare da diamita na 6-8 mm. Kowane yana dauke da tsaba 3-12 har zuwa 3 mm tsayi. An rufe su da fata mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mai laushi mai laushi wanda ke ba ka damar kasancewa da kyau a kan ruwa. Calla berries suna da guba, ba za ku iya cinye su ba!
Jinsuna da nau'ikan furanni na calla
Zuwa yau, botanists sun yi rajista iri 8 na shuka, amma kawai 3 daga cikinsu ana yin amfani da su a al'adu tare da nau'ikan kayan ado.
Calla Habasha. Itace mafi girma, wanda a lokacin furanni yakan tashi zuwa tsayi kimanin m 1. Bangaren ƙasa yana wakilta ta hanyar gurɓatacciyar ƙasa ba tare da tarin fuka ba. Ganyayyaki masu duhu mai duhu mai haske suna da launi iri ɗaya. Suna girma akan petioles a tsaye kuma suna da siffa mai ladabi ko ƙirar zuciya. An kiyaye kayan yaji a cikin shekara kuma baya faɗuwa lokacin lalataccen lokaci.
Calla Remann Morearin daɗaɗɗen ƙarami, har zuwa 70 cm a tsayi. Theasan da ke ƙasa kyallen da ba ta dace ba ne. Ganyen tsiro ya fi girma. Sun bambanta a cikin launi mai laushi mai laushi. A cikin kaka, lokaci mai tsayi yakan shigo, lokacin da duk ɓangarorin ƙasa, gami da ganye, suka mutu. The inflorescence envelope lilac, purple ko jan mayafi. Iri:
- Garnet Gloe - tsire-tsire 55 cm mai girma a watan Yuni-Satumba sun gamsu da manyan siffofin rumman-ja;
- Crystal Blush - inflorescence a kan harba har zuwa 45 cm high ne shrouded a cikin kunkuntar shãmaki, wanda a farkon farkon fure ne dusar ƙanƙara fari, sannan kuma ya zama ɗan ƙara haske a gefen;
- Picasso - a cikin yadudduka shimfiɗaɗɗun shimfiɗar shimfiɗara, shuɗar lilac mai duhu ta mamaye, kuma iyakar farin iyaka tana gefen;
- Odessa - calla tare da matukar duhu ja a gindi, kusan baki inflorescences;
- Askari - an shirya mayafin duhu mai duhu tare da madaurin kirim mai tsami.
Calla Elliott. Tsarin fure har zuwa 5 cm tsayi an bambanta shi da manyan ganye kore mai duhu. A saman fuska wasu ƙananan fararen dige-dige da dige. A inflorescence ne shrouded a cikin labulen zinariya tare da kore tushe. Iri:
- Black Magic - furannin calla lilin har zuwa 1 m narke inflorescences har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin labulen gwal;
- Red Alert - manyan ciyayi mai zurfi ya tashi tsayayyen launuka masu launin ja.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Callas za a iya girma daga tsaba ko ta rhizome (tuber) rarraba. Yana da wuya a yi girma callas daga tsaba, kamar yadda dasa kayan da sauri asarar da germination iya aiki. Don ingantacciyar haɓaka, ana kula da tsaba tare da shiri na hormone na sa'o'i da yawa (Epin, Ethamon, Zircon), sannan a sanya shi cikin ƙwayar ciyawa. Ta wannan hanyar, suna gaban bayyanar tsiro, to ya kamata a rarraba iri a cikin tukwane tare da yashi da ƙasan peat. Sabõda haka, cewa seedlings ba su rot, watering ne musamman rare, dan kadan moistening kasar gona. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da ban ruwa ta cikin kwanon rufi. Tsire-tsire suna ɗauke da haske a na yanayi da zazzabi na + 22 ° C. Watanni biyu bayan fitowar seedlings, an daukana a tukwane daban.
Yana da sauƙin samun sabon shuka a cikin kayan ciyayi. Yankuna ba tare da tubers suna yaduwa da sassan ɓangarorin rhizome ba. Kowane ya kamata yana da kodan 1-2. Ana kula da tauraruwa tare da carbon da ke kunne kuma an ɗan bushe shi a cikin iska, sannan a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. Yara ne ke yaɗa ƙwayoyi masu sa maye tare da rhizome. A kan mahaifar mahaifa, gefuna a kaikaice akan lokaci. A saman suna da kodan. Za a iya raba yara ko kuma a kakkarye su da hannuwansu, a gurbata su a cikin sabon tukunya.
Shuka da kulawa a gida
Helo-ƙawancen ƙauna suna da sauƙin shuka a gida. An shuka su cikin tukwane masu matsakaici. Dole ne a zuba kayan magudana a ƙasan. Cakuda ƙasa ya ƙunshi abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- takarda ƙasa (1 sashi);
- turf ƙasa (2 sassa);
- humus humidu (1 bangare);
- kogin yashi (sassan 0.5).
Koda kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don ƙara superphosphate a ƙasa.
An sanya tukunyar furannin calla lilin akan gabas ko yamma windowsill. Shuka yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma ya ba da haske, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Ya kamata hasken rana ya kasance aƙalla awanni 10-12. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don sake shirya shuka zuwa taga ta kudu, kuma amfani da phytolamp, in ba haka ba akwai furanni a cikin kakar mai zuwa, harbe kuma zasu shimfiɗa da yawa.
A lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani, fure zata ji daɗi a zazzabi na + 23 ... + 25 ° C. A lokacin kaka, lokacin da lokacin sanyi ya fara, ana tura shi zuwa dakin mai sanyaya (har zuwa + 12 ... + 15 ° C). Wannan yanayin dole ne a lura ba tare da la'akari da ko shuka shuka duk ganye ba. Wadansu masu gonakin suna dasa callas a cikin lambu don bazara, kuma a cikin kaka sukan tono su kuma canja shi zuwa tukwane.
Mazaunin ƙasar maɗaukaki yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullum da wadataccen ruwa. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan m, amma ba tare da stagnation na ruwa a cikin tukunya da kwanon rufi. Ana yin ruwa tare da tsarkakakken ruwa mai laushi. Zai fi kyau don ba da ruwa ta sump ta hanyar wick. Tunda furannin calla sun fi son ƙasa acidic, ana iya ƙara ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami a cikin ruwa.
Dankin ya fi dacewa da zafi sosai, amma ba shi da faɗin furen. Daga saukad da ruwa akan ganye da ganyayyaki sun bayyana aibobi masu muni. Don haɓaka yanayin zafi, ana sanya trays tare da yumɓu mai yumbu a kusa da tsire-tsire. Ya kamata a tsabtace ɗanyun a kai a kai daga ƙura tare da zane mai laushi mai laushi.
Don shuka ya inganta mafi kyau, musamman tare da rashin walƙiya, ana buƙatar ciyar da yau da kullun. Ana ƙara haɓaka ma'adinai ko kwayoyin a kowane ranakun 10-14. Kuna iya amfani da tsari na duniya ko waɗanda aka tsara musamman don callas. Kafin fure, an fi son mahaɗan mahaifa.
A lokacin dormancy, lokacin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda suke zubar da ganye gaba ɗaya, an sanya tukwane cikin wuri mai sanyi, duhu. Watara an daina tsayawa. Ana iya barin ganyen a cikin ƙasa ko a cire shi, a sa shi a ciki kuma a sanya shi a cikin kwandon busassun yashi. Suna buƙatar kiyaye su da ƙarancin zafi (+ 5 ... + 10 ° C). Idan gidan ba shi da irin wannan ɗakin, ƙananan shiryayye na firiji zai yi. A farkon Maris, ana mayar da tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa sabo, kuma ana shayar da su da kulawa.
Noma waje
A cikin canjin yanayin canjin yanayi, a lokacin bazara, ana iya dasa callas a gonar don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawar shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Shuke-shuke ana shuka su akan fure a farkon watan Mayu. Kafin dasa shuki, ana binciken tubers, an yanke wuraren lalacewa, a daɗaɗa kuma a bi da su ta hanyar kashe-kashe. Tsire-tsire za su kasance da kyau a wani fili, shimfida fitila ko a inuwa m.
Isasa ta riga ta tono kuma ana amfani da takin ƙasa. Don cikakken haɓaka, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic ba tare da lemun tsami ba. Don ƙarin acidify ƙasa, an zuba wani rauni na maganin citric acid a ciki. Tubers ana shuka su ne zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm kuma tare da nesa na 30-40 cm.
Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da ƙasa sosai. 'Ya'yan itaciyar farko ba su fito da sauri ba. Yana iya ɗaukar makonni 2-4. Ba za ku iya tono tarin kwari ba kuma ku nemi seedlings.
Furen furannin Calla yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun saboda ƙasa ba ta bushe a cikin dogon lokaci, amma ruwan ba ya ɓoyewa a cikin ƙasa. Bayan an yi ruwa, an kwance ƙasa ta ɓoye kuma an cire ciyayi.
Idan an gabatar da takin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kafin shuka, to, ƙarin ciyar da kullun na calle ba lallai ba ne. Za ta sami isasshen abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasarsu. Amma wuce haddi da takin mai magani na iya haifar da lalacewar rhizome.
Bayan fure tsawon watanni, ciyawar lush ta ci gaba. A cikin kaka, ya fara bushewa a tsakanin tsirrai masu tsiro. Wannan wata alama ce ta dirar tsire-tsire. Ba lallai ba ne don girgiza ƙasa gaba ɗaya daga gare su. Ya isa ya sanya tubers a cikin akwatuna kuma adana a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi (+ 5 ... + 10 ° C). Lokacin da ganye ya bushe gaba ɗaya, ana bushe shi. Idan ba ku hanzarta ku datsa, to, duk abubuwan gina jiki zasu sami lokaci don zuwa rhizome.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Calla yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi. Cututtuka tsirrai kusan ba sa lalata shi. Koyaya, tare da kulawa mara kyau, kamuwa da cuta ta fungal na iya haɓaka. Ya kamata a datsa duk wuraren da suka lalace zuwa ƙoshin lafiya kuma a bi da su da ƙwayar Bordeaux.
A cikin lambun, ganyayyaki da furanni yawanci kwari ne. Musamman m aphids da gizo-gizo mites. Idan wadannan kwari sun bayyana akan ciyayi, zai fi kyau a rinka dasa shuki a jikin maganin kashe kwari (Akarin, Actellik, Komandor).
Kodayake yawancin masu shuka furanni suna ba da rahoton fure na yau da kullun, wasu suna fuskantar matsalar rashin fure. Wasu lokuta calla furannin fure basa fure na shekaru goma. Dalilin haka na iya zama yanayi masu zuwa:
- babu lokacin hutu da aka ambata tare da rage zafin jiki;
- rashin isasshen hasken mai haske;
- karancin shayarwa a lokacin bunkasar aiki ko kuma amfani da ruwan sanyi;
- ma kusa da tukunya;
- amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogenous kafin fure.
