Soy abinci ne mai mahimmanci da kuma ciyar da amfanin gona, ana amfani da ita azaman kayan albarkatu don samar da masana'antu. Saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa, abun haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka da kuma aikace-aikace masu yawa, waken soya sun zama nau'i. Hanyoyin soya na duniya sun kai kimanin kusan ton miliyan 300 kuma suna ci gaba da girma a shekara. Don koyon yadda za a shuka legumes a kan shafinku, bari mu kara magana.
Bayani bayanin
A cikin aikin noma, irin nauyin soya ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka raba zuwa kashi uku: Manchu, Jafananci da Sinanci. Kasashen waje na wannan shuka shi ne kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda aka girma har tsawon shekara dubu 7. 
Bayyanar
Soya yana da iyalin legumes da kuma shekara ce. An dasa shukka, shimfidawa, ya kai mita 50-80 cm, amma akwai nau'in nau'in halitta (tare da tsawo na kara har zuwa 25 cm) da gigantic (tare da tsawo na kara har zuwa 2 m).
Ƙungiyar dajiyar ta hada da irin tsire-tsire irin su giciye, wake, tsirrai, ƙyan zuma, da wake, dolichos, sararin daji, peas, lupins.
Tsarin tushen shine babban abu, babban tushe shi ne takaice, daga abin da kewayar matakai masu yawa. Tushen iya shiga zurfin ƙasa cikin mita 2.
Ganyayyaki sune trifoliate, suna bambanta cikin siffar da girmansu: zasu iya zama daga 1.5 zuwa 12 cm a fadin, daga 4 zuwa 18 cm cikin tsayi. Nau'in ya bambanta daga zagaye, ovate zuwa lanceolate.
Furen suna samuwa a cikin rassan ganyayyaki, dadi, fari ko m, maras kyau. 
Pods har zuwa 6 cm a tsawon, haske mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan inuwa, dauke da kwayoyi 3-4 a ciki. Ƙwayar waken Soya za ta iya zama rawaya, kore, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata, oblong ko zagaye.
Alamar
Soya yana da ƙwaya mai yawa, wanda ke ci gaba da girma da godiya ga aikin masu shayarwa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na wannan amfanin gona a kowace hectare shine 2.2-2.6 ton, amma dangane da yanayin damina da kula, har zuwa 4-4.5 ton a kowace hectare za'a iya girbe.
Shugabannin duniya da samar da waken soya su ne Amurka (30% na samar da duniya), Brazil da Argentina. Har ila yau, waken soya suna girma a manyan ƙasashen gabashin Asia (Sin, Indonesia, Indiya), Ukraine da Rasha, da ƙasashen Latin Amurka (Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay). 
Da tsawon lokaci na girma kakar akwai irin wannan iri:
- farkon maturing (80-100 days);
- farkon kakar (kwanaki 100-120);
- tsakiyar ripening (120-140 days);
- marigayi ripening (kwana 140-150).
Shin kuna sani? Sin ta cinye fiye da 2/3 na samar da waken soya. Irin wannan bukatar da ake bukata na samfurin ya taso saboda sakamakon ci gaba da masana'antu da kuma karfin bukatun dabbobi.
Ina bukatan soya a gidan
Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan al'ada ba shi da masaniya a cikin mazaunan zafi; Bugu da ƙari, yayin da mutane suka ambata shi, mutane da yawa suna da ƙungiyoyi masu kyau tare da kayan ƙwayar nama, wanda ke ƙunshe kawai da soya.
An kiyasta waken soya a matsayin gona kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ana girma a kan sikelin masana'antu, amma yana yiwuwa ya yi girma a kan kansa. 
Akwai dalilai da dama don haka:
- sauƙi na namo;
- asa ƙazanta daga weeds (kamar yadda naman alade ne mai noma);
- ƙasa da saturation tare da nitrogen da kuma na gina jiki don ci gaba da noma wasu albarkatun gona;
- Kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa.
Don samun girbi mai kyau, dole ne a zabi iri iri bisa ga yanayin hawan gindin yankin.
Gano abin da abincin waken soya yake.
Yanayi don girma waken soya
Zaɓin wuri mai kyau da ƙasa zai ƙara haɓakar girbi mai kyau. Yana da mahimmanci a tantance abin da aka shuka a kan shafin a baya, domin soya ba dace da wasu tsire-tsire ba. 
Zaɓi wuri
Wannan injin yana son haske da dumi., a kan waɗannan alamomi zasu dogara ne akan girman photosynthesis, gyaran kwayoyin nitrogen, kayan abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma kyakkyawan ƙwaya. Don dasa shuki ka buƙatar ka zabi wani wuri mai haske.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa waken soyayyen wakilin wakilin kwanan baya ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokaci mafi kyau don 'ya'yan itace da flowering shine tsawon lokaci na dare daga sa'o'i 12. Idan lokutan hasken rana ya karu, ƙwayar wake yana ragu.
Bukatun shara
Gaba ɗaya, waken soya baya buƙata akan ƙasa - zai iya girma har ma a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau, amma yawan amfaninta zai zama kasa. Mafi mahimmancin, shuka kanta tana jin duniyar ƙasa da chestnut, kazalika da sake dawo da turf ƙasa. 
Mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa na hatsi da ƙananan sassa za a iya samuwa a ƙasa mai kyau mai ma'adanai da ma'adinan, tare da kyakkyawar magudi da musayar iska. Mafi kyau shuka shuka a kasa tare da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan alkaline pH.
Koyo game da muhimmancin amfanin gona, yadda za a gano acidity, ta yaya da abin da za a deoxidize.Ba tare da sanarwa ba, ba za a dasa waken soya akan waɗannan nau'ikan ƙasa ba:
- a kan ƙasa mai acidified;
- a kan ƙasa;
- a kan gishiri gishiri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Soya yana da damuwa da yawancin labaran: kwanciya na kusa da ruwan teku da kuma ambaliyar ruwa na ƙarshe zai iya raunana tushen tsarin kuma ya hana kayan abinci, ya haifar da albarkatun da suka raunana, mai raɗaɗi da kuma na baya. Wani lokaci mai karfi a kan ƙasa zai iya hallaka dukan amfanin gona.
Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a kula da kayan bazara da kaka. Wadannan sun haɗa da matakan da suke biyowa: tattakewa, noma da kuma takin gargajiya. Matakan farko na farko suna samar da ƙasa, don godiya ga abin da yake cikakke da oxygen kuma yana kawar da weeds, kuma ya zama sauƙi ga tushen su ci gaba. 
A matsayin taki kana buƙatar yin humus. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shukiya, kana buƙatar girgiza ƙasa zuwa zurfin mita 6. Wannan zai adana damshin a cikin ƙasa, a karshe cire weeds da kuma shimfida farfajiyar don dacewa da sauri.
Mafi kyawun magabata
A tsakiyar layi, mafi kyawun kwayoyin legumes sune irin tsire-tsire ne:
- dankali;
- sugar gwoza;
- masara;
- ciyawa;
- alkama da kuma sauran hatsi.
A hanyar, wadannan albarkatun gona, da gero mafi kyau ana shuka su a masussukar waken waken soya, wato, yana da amfani wajen canza tsire-tsire a kan wannan yanki. Ana iya shuka saƙa a wata mãkirci na shekaru 2-3 ba tare da lalacewar ƙasa ba.
Bayan wannan lokacin, kasar gona tana buƙatar hutawa na shekaru 2, lokacin da ake shuka ƙasa tare da amfanin gona daban-daban. 
Yana da muhimmanci mu san wane tsire-tsire za su shuka waken soya bayan:
- kabeji daban-daban;
- rapeseed;
- sunflower;
- kyawawan gonaki;
- legumes (clover, alfalfa, mai dadi mai dadi).
Tsarin dokoki
Amince da fasaha na aikin gona zai ƙyale ƙananan yanki don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na legumes. Gaba, muna la'akari da yadda za a shirya tsaba da ƙasa, yadda za a lissafa lokaci, da kuma gano tsarin shirin shuka shukiya.
Shin kuna sani? Soy sauce, shirya ta fermentation na wake, yana da suna na musamman ga dandano "umami". Umami - dandano nama - an dauke shi daya daga cikin tushe, tare da m, m, mai dadi da m.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Lokacin shuka shine ƙaddarar zafin jiki na ƙananan yadudduka. 
Zai fi dacewa shuka shuka lokacin da ƙasa ta warke zuwa 10-15 ° C, duk da haka, idan akwai saurin yanayi, ana iya dasa al'adun a zazzabi na 6-8 ° C.
Yawanci, irin wannan tsarin zazzabi an saita a ƙarshen Afrilu - wata na farko na watan Mayu, amma kana buƙatar shiryayye kawai ta yanayin yanayi na yankinka. Idan a mataki na germination na harbe sanyi faruwa, shuka iya mutu.
Idan kuka shirya shuka wasu nau'o'in iri daban daban, ya kamata ku fara tare da ƙarshen ripening da na karshe shuka da farkon ripening nau'in.
Idan kun shuka hatsi da wuri (a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi), hadarin cutar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna ƙaruwa sosai, ƙananan za su kasance masu rauni, dogon kuma matalauci ga wake. Da daidai lasafta dasa lokaci, seedlings bayyana na kwanaki 5-7. 
Idan bayan kwanaki 9 babu wani shuka, wannan yana nuna dasa shuki a tsire-tsire.
Tsarin shirye
A yanayin yanayin masana'antu, ana shuka tsaba a gaban dasa shuki tare da shirye-shirye na musamman, adadin wanda aka ƙidaya ta ton na iri. Tabbas, a gida, lokacin da kuka tara don bunkasa ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kan shafin, wannan ba zai yiwu ba.
Duk da haka, idan kayi girma da ingancin lafiya a ɗakuna na musamman, za'a iya kauce wa maganin sinadarai.
Tsarin shiri mai dacewa shine aiki na waken soya da ke cikin kwayar cutar. Godiya ga hanya, asalin shuka zai cika da nitrogen don kakar girma. Ana sayar da kwayoyi a cikin ɗakuna na musamman don gonar lambu da lambun kayan lambu kuma akwai nau'i biyu; 
Yana da muhimmanci! Ka tuna cewa kana buƙatar aiwatar da tsaba nan da nan kafin shuka (12 hours). Kada ka bari rana ta buge nau'in da ake bi da shi!
Shirye-shiryen shinge
Kasuwanci, ana amfani da su don shuka legumes, amma a cikin karamin gida, wannan tsari yana faruwa da hannu. A shafin ya zama dole don yin tsagi, da nisa tsakanin wanda aka ƙayyade da nau'in waken soya da girman daji.
Don mafi yawan lokutan ripening, nesa na 20-40 cm ya ishe; idan kun yi amfani da iri-iri iri-iri, nisa tsakanin layuka ya kara zuwa 60 cm.
Zurfin da iri ne 3-5 cm - dasa shuki soya 6 cm kuma mafi zurfi za su kasance m, saboda ba za ka iya jira seedlings. 
Wajibi ne a lura da nisa tsakanin tsaba har zuwa 5 cm. Wannan shi ne tsire-tsire, amma yana da daraja la'akari da cewa wasu daga cikin tsaba ba zasu cigaba ba. Idan tsire-tsire suna da matukar farin ciki, za a iya koya musu sauƙin, ana ajiye nisa tsakanin harbe zuwa 20 cm.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa waken soya yana bukatar isasshen wuri da haske don ci gaba na al'ada, sabili da haka nisa tsakanin bushes ya zama babban. Tsire-tsire bai kamata ya rufe juna ba.
Hanyar kulawa
Babban dokokin kulawa sun hada da:
- Watering Gaba ɗaya, waken soya yana dauke da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da fari kuma a farkon bazai buƙatar ƙarin watering. Abu mafi mahimmanci ita ce a lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa yana da isasshen danshi. Duk da haka, watering ya zama wajibi ne daga karshen Yuni, lokacin da waken soya suna da lokacin aiki na toho, kuma zafin rana zai kai 30 ° C. Yin amfani da ruwa kamar haka: lita 5 na 1 m2.
- Mulching ƙasar. Wannan hanya yana taimaka wa riƙe da danshi a ƙasa. Don mulching zaka iya amfani da humus ko peat. Idan ba ku cika sharudda ba, dole ne ku sassauta ƙasa tare da fatar bayan ban ruwa.
- Gizon daji. Yana da muhimmanci mahimmanci don hana bayyanar tsire-tsire a cikin watannin farko da rabi bayan dasa, tun da tsire-tsirren soya suna da rauni sosai kuma weeds zasu iya sauƙaƙe su. Ana iya cire ƙwayoyin ta hanyar jiyya ko kuma da hannu. Ana iya amfani da maganin herbicides (alal misali, "Roundup") sau biyu: 'yan kwanaki bayan haka kuma wata daya bayan dasa.
Irin waɗannan kwayoyi kamar "Butizan", "Singer", "Biceps Garant", "Herbitox", "Zaɓi", "Targa Super", "Lintur", "Milagro", "Dicamba", "Granstar", " "Helios", "Glyphos", "Banvel".
- Harrowing ko loosening. Hanyar farko ita ce ta dace da manyan wurare, na biyu - domin sarrafa wani yanki m. An yi amfani da hargitsi sau da yawa: kwana 4 bayan shuka, bayan kafa guda biyu (lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kai 15 cm) da kuma bayan kafa ta uku.
- Cold kariya. A farkon makonni bayan dasa shuki, duk aikin shuka zai iya sauko da ruwa ko daga daskare. Sabili da haka, kana buƙatar saka idanu a hankali - idan akwai ruwan sama mai sanyi zuwa -1 ° C, ya kamata a rufe amfanin gona.
Girbi
Bayan kwanaki 100-150 daga lokacin dasa (dangane da iri-iri), zaka iya fara girbi. 
Alamomin ripeness
Za a iya girbe nau'o'in farawa da wuri a farkon watan Agustan, jinsunan marigayi na ripening a cikin tsakiyar watan Satumba.
Gaskiyar cewa lokacin ya zo ga girbi, za a iya samu a kan waɗannan wurare:
- Ana rarraba kwasfan tsaba kuma ana rarraba tsaba kawai;
- da shuka ya juya rawaya;
- ganye fada.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za ku iya jinkirta girbi ba - ko da yake waken soya ya yi kasa da sauran albarkatu masu tsirrai, tare da jinkirin girbi akwai yiwuwar hasara na wake.
Hanyar girbi
A kan sikelin masana'antu, ana amfani da inji na musamman don girbi waken soya, amma zaka iya girbi amfanin gona a kan shirinka. Bai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba, kuma asarar legumes na ƙananan zai zama kadan. 
Zai fi kyau a yanke (yanka) shuka a kusa da tushe, barin raguwa a ƙasa. Tsarin mahimmanci na musamman a kan tushen - kwayoyin halittu masu rai a can zasu iya sarrafa nitrogen da wadatar da ƙasa tare da shi. Wannan zai haifar da sakamako mai kyau akan girbi na gaba a cikin wannan yanki.
Bayan yankan, ana tsintar da tsire-tsire a bunches kuma an dakatar da su a busassun, ɗakin da ke da kyau don ripening. Don wannan dalili zaka iya yin amfani da sito ko rudani.
Wannan hanya tana da matukar tasiri idan a lokacin lokacin girbi akwai ruwan sama kuma tsaba sun yi yawa tare da danshi. Bayan 'yan makonni, ana iya zartar da pods.
Yanayin ajiya na soya
Tsarin mulki na dogon lokacin ajiya na waken soya shine kula da zafi na iska. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa soya sosai hygroscopic, saboda zafi a cikin dakin ba zai wuce 10-13%. 
A karkashin waɗannan yanayi, rayuwar rai na legumes na kai har shekara 1. Idan zafi yana da 14% ko fiye, za'a rage tsawon rai na samfurin zuwa watanni 3.
Ajiye tsaba a cikin kwakwalwar jaka ko akwati na kwalliya a wuri mai duhu. A saboda wannan dalili, wani kayan lantarki, tantanin salula, ko baranda mai banƙyama ko ɗakunan da ke cikin ɗakunan ajiya suna da kyau.
Ƙarin dokoki mafi mahimmanci game da adana nasarar girbi:
- Dole ne a hankali a tsayar da wake kuma a kawar da su, ta gurza kuma ta lalace;
- Tsaya wake daga sauran abinci;
- idan wani wari ya fara samuwa daga soya, yana nuna lalacewar samfurin.
Daga waken soya za ku iya dafa iri-iri iri-iri, jere daga abubuwa na nama da kuma kawo karshen tare da kofi. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a koyaushe a kan hannun hannun jari na kayan amfanin wake mai amfani.Duk da wasu siffofi na fasahar noma, a cikin mahimmanci, ƙwayar waken waken soya ba mai wahala ba, har ma da zama na farko mai rani na iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau na wannan amfanin gona.
Amsawa daga masu amfani da cibiyar sadarwa
Shuka da tsabtace waken soya, kuma fiye da sau ɗaya. Shuka da girma yana da rabi na yakin, duk abin da yafi ko žasa bayyananne. Tare da tsaftace matsalar. Ba zan iya tsabtace sauri ba (Ina da Dona), Allah ya hana 5 ha a kowace rana, sannan idan filayen suna tsabta. Rasuwar ba ta da rauni ko dai (ƙuƙwalwan wake da crumble dama a cikin rubutun kai). Sakamakon kanta kamar igiya ne - da zarar an danna shi, an dulluɗa drum don haka har ma da bishinsa ya karye. Babu matakan sassauci - ƙananan wake sukan kasance. Shekarar da ta wuce, akwai kullun Acacia da ke tsiro a Kuban, don haka ban ma wanke shi ba - Na busa komai. Kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kawai sau ɗaya a karkashin 20. Saboda haka ba duk abin da ke da ban sha'awa ba. Amma a wannan shekara zan sake shuka - babu wani abu, ba a yarda da hemp.Valera23
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Sowed na szp-3,6 a kowace mita daga 13-15pcs. a kan Harmony weeds amma farkon bulan. Pivot sau daya ya yi kokari sosai, amma a kan yanayin da aka yi a cikin hunturu, saboda haka yana da ban mamaki.Da Bim-B-58 da makamai. Rashin yawan amfanin gona ya ɓace, amma "Ƙungiyar Soybean" ta bada shawarar 70 32 raka'a.CES
//forum.zol.ru/index.php?s=3f6f1cc8cfb3ed373744ee18052471a2&showtopic=4160&view=findpost&p=111340
