Rhododendron yana da nau'in kwayar halitta, da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi na iyalin heather. Ya hada da nau'in 800-1300. Wadannan sun hada da azaleas na gida, wanda ake kira rhododendron cikin gida. An rarraba shi a cikin Himalayas, Japan, Kudancin China, Arewacin Amirka da Koriya. Yi la'akari da siffofin shuka da kulawa a cikin labarin.
Tarihin ɗabi'ar
Rhododendron tsohuwar azalea ne. Ya bayyana kusan shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata, kuma ya kasance a kowacce duniya. Duk da haka, glaciation ya rushe wasu daga cikin jeri, wanda ya haifar da rushewa na al'ada.
An yi la'akari da tsire-tsire na gida a tsakiyar arewacin Japan. Tun da yake wannan tsibirin ne, ya zama mamaye filin bude, saboda haka shrub ba ya faruwa a cikin wani itace.
Shin kuna sani? Fassara daga Girkanci "rhododendron" na nufin "itace mai tsayi". Ka lura cewa ba shi da alaka da fure. Abinda ke kama shi ne irin flower a kan shrub. Har ila yau, injin ya sanya sunayen da yawa, kamar azalea da tsayi mai tsayi.
Matsayi na biyu na tarihi na shuka shine Ingila. Da zarar karni na 15th, marubutan Maris na Holland ya kawo shrub da furanni mai kyau, amma bai kama ba. Shekaru daya daga baya, wani matashi, Coners, yayi ƙoƙari ya kai shi zuwa mahaifarsa, amma injin ya bushe a hanya.
Bincika jerin jerin shahararrun rudodendrons.
Daga baya, a farkon karni na 19, wani kyaftin mai suna Velbenck ya kawo tsirrai mai tsayi a London daga Indiya. Dangane da nazarin maganin da ake yi na tsawon lokaci na masu kare dabbobi, daruruwan nau'o'inta da kuma hybrids an bred.
Tsarin al'ada ba wai kawai nau'ukan iri iri ba - iri-iri ne da aka samu. Saboda wannan, samfurori da aka samo asali daga kasashen gabas da Amurka sun damu. An dauki nauyin wannan kayan shuka a cikin Turai. Sakamako na kiwo yana da kimanin iri iri 12 na rhododendron da azalea. 
Bayani
Wannan shrubun shrub yana tsiro zuwa 2 m tsawo. Yana da furanni na watanni 2, kuma a kan rhododendron zaka iya ƙidaya 100-400 furanni. Flowering yana faruwa daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa karshen watan farko na rani, wakiltar inflorescences, tattara daga 10 ko fiye furanni da orange-yellow launi.
Ƙarin samfurori na iya girma fiye da shekaru 100. Rhododendron iya zama duka kafa da creeping. Yawancin balagaggu sune launin ruwan kasa kuma matasa suna kore.
Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da Rhododendron don shirya kayan gargajiya na Korean - chintalle hwhajon, kazalika da shinkafa na shinkafa tare da furen wannan shuka.
Wood yana da tsari mai mahimmanci. Daidaita tushen tsarin yana kunshe da tushen da yawa. Kamar duk wakilan karam din, ba shi da gashi.
Popular iri
Wannan inji ya ƙunshi nau'o'in iri. Yi la'akari da siffofin wasu daga cikinsu.
Salmon
Wannan shrub din da aka lalata yana dauke da daya daga cikin iri na kowa. Samun mai yawa rassan tare da cikewar shekara guda na 20-25 cm, shi ya kai tsawo na 2 m. Its ganye ne har zuwa 10 cm tsawo kuma har zuwa 3 cm fadi da.
Furen sun kai kimanin diamita 8 cm, wanda aka fizge da tabarau mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya-orange a yankin pistil da stamens. Yana farawa flowering a watan Mayu-Yuni: yana da kusan makonni 3. Ya kamata a lura cewa shuka yana da tsayayya ga sanyi. 
Muna ba da shawara ka fahimtar kanka tare da nuances na girma Dahurian rhododendron, da Schlippenbach, Ledebour, Adams rhododendrons.
Cream
Wannan nau'i mai tsami iri iri, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da furen tare da babban koren kore, ana amfani da furanni da launuka masu launin rawaya. A cikin kaka, ganye suna canza launi zuwa launin rawaya. Wannan shrub ya bambanta da wasu iri dake cikin cewa ya fi guntu. 
Yellow
Wannan shrub ɗin da aka dasa ya kai tsawon mita daya da rabi kuma yana fadada muhimmanci a cikin nisa - har zuwa 3 m. Rhododendron rawaya yana da kashi 2. Ɗaya ya bar har zuwa 10 cm tsawo, kore, da sauran - 18 cm bar har zuwa 4 cm fadi, launin toka-blue.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dukkan kayan shuka suna guba, saboda haka kada ku dandana su.
Kamanin wannan nau'in shi ne cewa ƙwayoyinsa suna dauke da har zuwa furanni 20 wanda suna da inuwa mai launin rawaya tare da tabo na orange. Lokacin da furaninsu yake a watan Mayu kuma yana da makonni 2-3. Tsire-tsire ke tsiro da sauri, duk da matsanancin buƙatu a kan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. 
White
Yawancin furanni a cikin wannan nau'i suna nuna furanni na fata, amma wasu daga cikinsu suna da samfurin rawaya a yankin pistil da stamens tare da ƙaranan zinariya. Rrubodendron shrub ya kai mita daya da rabi a tsawo.
Ana rufe ganye da Sikeli a ƙasa. Lokacin flowering zai fara a watan Mayu kuma yana da makonni uku. Furen yana kusa da 4 cm a diamita A kowace shekara wani shrub yana ƙara har zuwa 5 cm a tsawo.Kaka lura cewa wannan shuka mai sanyi ya fi son ƙasa da rashin ƙarfi kuma ya bukaci fuskar haske da inuwa. 
Kamar rhododendron, mafi kyawun shrubs shrubs sun hada da buddleya, weigela, heather, hibiscus, hydrangea, jasmine, silverweed, camellia, magnolia, lilac, spirea da forsythia.
Caroline
Wannan katako mai tsayi da tsayi na 1-1.5 m yana da kwari har zuwa 10 cm tsawo har tsawon mita 4. Ƙunƙarin fitila mai launin furen ya kai 3 cm a diamita kuma suna da nau'i 10 da aka rufe da gashi a tushe. Zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -26 ° C. 
Zaɓi wuri
Don wannan shuka zai zama masauki mai kyau a wuraren da aka kare daga iska da kuma hasken rana. Arewa ko arewa maso gabashin gefen gidan, wani itace mai tsawo ko babban shinge zai dace da wannan.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ba za a sanya shrub a ƙarƙashin rufin ba, kamar yadda a lokacin hunturu yana iya haifar da faduwar icicles da dusar ƙanƙara wanda ya sauko daga rufin kai tsaye a kan shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku dasa rhododendron a yankin inda akwai babban matakin ruwa. A cikin matsananciyar yanayin, zaka iya yin shi a kan babban tudu da tsawo na 10-15 cm A lokaci guda, yana da muhimmanci don yin magudi da ruwa don janye ruwa.
Kada ka damu idan ka gane cewa daga bisani ka dasa shuki a cikin wani wuri mara kyau. Ana iya cire wannan sauƙin ta hanyar dasawa, kamar yadda tsire-tsire yana jure wannan hanya sosai. Lokacin da dasa shuki rhododendron dole ne la'akari da kasancewar bishiyoyin da ke kewaye da sauran tsire-tsire. 
Tsarin kwayoyi daban-daban suna buƙatar wasu abubuwan gina jiki, don haka makwabta mafi kyau ga rhododendron zasu zama masu haɗaka, irin su Pine da spruce. Bugu da ƙari, itacen oak, ceri, pear, apple, da sauran itatuwan 'ya'yan itace sun yi zaman lafiya tare da shi a wannan yanki.
Gano abin da conifers da bushes suke kama.Amma elm, Birch, Willow, Linden, chestnut da Maple su ne makwabta marasa kyau ga rhododendron. Ya kamata a tuna cewa manyan bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire dole ne a kiyaye nesa fiye da mita 3, zuwa gine-gine - mita 7. Idan ka yanke shawara don kawai dasa wannan shuka a jere, to, ku tsaya zuwa wani lokaci na 130-180 cm.
Dokokin shimfiɗa
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na dasa shuki japan japan. Don bayanin su za mu gabatar da cikakken bayani game da mataki, da kuma bayyana abin da alamun zazzabi, zafi, ƙarancin ƙasa, da dai sauransu. 
Muna bada shawara akan karatu a kan yadda za a yanke shawarar yadda za a iya ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa, da kuma yadda za a deoxidize ƙasa a kan shafin.
Tsaba
A matsayinka na mulkin, ana zaɓar watanni na farko na hunturu don wannan tsari. Don dasa shi ne wajibi ne don karba ƙasa tare da acidity na 4.0-4.5 pH. Lura cewa ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da mahimmanci ga wannan matsala, kuma ragewa a cikin wannan alamar take kaiwa ga hanawar shuka.
Ƙasa da ke kan peat kuma ya dace, tun da yake rhododendron yana bukatar ƙasa mai arzikin humus mai girma tare da babban mataki na friability. Ana bada shawara don shirya matakan da ke kunshe da humus, yashi, peat da ƙasa coniferous.
Hada waɗannan sinadirai a daidai hannun jari, wajibi ne a zubar da su da karfi mai karfi na potassium permanganate: wannan zai disinfect kasar gona. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsaba a cikin ƙasa domin su kasance zurfin 2 cm.
Video: shirye-shirye don shuka rhododendron tsaba
Shin kuna sani? Rhododendron yana da kaddarorin masu amfani, irin su inganta hangen nesa, kawar da sha'ir, shafe moths.
Sa'an nan kuma akwai buƙatar ka danne ƙasa, sannan ka rufe tukunyar tukunya tare da fim ko aika shi a karkashin gilashin - wannan zai haifar da yanayi mai laushi. Dole ne a tuna cewa injin yana buƙatar sautin iska na sa'o'i biyu.
Don bunkasa rhododendron na Japan ta hanyar dasa shuki da tsaba, wajibi ne a samar da zafin jiki na kimanin + 25 ° C. Yawancin zafi a cikin dakin kada ya kasance ƙasa da 75-80%. Irin waɗannan alamun zasu haifar da yanayi mai dadi don samun seedlings daga mafi yawan yawan tsaba da aka shuka.
Bayan 1-2 makonni, na farko harbe zai bayyana, bayan da zafin jiki ya kamata a rage zuwa + 10-12 ° С. Da zuwan ƙananan furanni, ya kamata ka shirya radiyon tare da iyakancewa mai iyaka zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye.
Video: shuka rhododendron tsaba A irin wannan yanayi, abun ciki na rhododendron zai yi girma a shekara - bayan da za'a dasa shi a ƙasa.
Seedlings
Kafin kaddamar da shuka, dole ne a shirya rami 40-60 cm mai zurfi da nau'in diamita guda. Ya kamata a cika da cakudaccen shiryeccen cakuda peat da loam a cikin kashi 3.5: 4.5. Sa'an nan kuma kuna buƙatar kunna shi a kasan rami.
Kafin ajiye nauyin shuka a cikin shirye-shirye, wajibi ne a sauke tushen sa cikin ruwa kuma riƙe shi har sai iska ta dakatar da tsayawa waje. Next, sanya shi a ƙasa kuma cika rami tare da substrate.
Sa'an nan kuma kana buƙatar samar da abinci mai yawa da kuma rufe da'irar da aka kafa a ƙasa tare da peat, ganyen, bishiyoyi na ganye ko wasu ciyawa tare da Layer na 5 cm A cikin makonni 2-3 zaka iya ciyar da shuka. 
Saboda tushen tsire-tsire dake kusa da gefen ƙasa, ƙaddamar da ƙasa mai kewaye yana iya rinjayar shi. Saboda haka, a lokacin da aka cire weeds, ya kamata ka bar yin amfani da kayayyakin aikin gona da kuma yin shi da hannu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku zubar da asalin shuka - wannan zai haifar da mummunan laima, saboda abin da ganye zasu yi ta fadi kuma su fadi. Haka za a samu a lokacin fari.
Yin watsi da rhododendron dole ne a yi shi tare da ruwan sama ko ruwan da aka riga ya kafa. Ana iya sauƙaƙe kuma an yi amfani da acidified ta amfani da peat. Don yin wannan, wata rana kafin ban ruwa, jefa kintsin wannan ƙasa ta musamman a cikin ruwa.
Ruwa da shuka ya zama kamar yadda ake bukata, wanda aka ƙaddara ta canza launin launi. Don haka, idan sun zama maras kyau, to, inji yana buƙatar danshi.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka rhododendrons Lokacin lokacin rani mafi yawan gaske ya fadi a lokacin rani, saboda a yanayin yanayin hasken rana rukuni ya bushe da sauri. Dole ne ku yi aikin a kowace kwanaki 2-3, a kan batun tsawaitaccen lokaci.
Kula
Dole ne a fara yin ciyarwa ta farko a farkon lokacin bazara, da kuma na karshe - a ƙarshen watanni na biyu, bayan flowering. Don yin wannan, yana da kyau don amfani da takalmin ruwa da aka yi daga ƙahon gari da naman alade. Don shirya shi, kana buƙatar zuba nau'o'in mai suna tare da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:15 kuma bari shi daga cikin kwanaki da yawa.
Ana bada shawara don amfani da takin mai magani irin su ammonium sulphate, alli, magnesium ko potassium. Mafi kyawun jadawalin ciyarwa shi ne aikace-aikacen takin mai magani ko ma'adinai a farkon spring. A lokaci guda, yana da muhimmanci don ƙara 50 g na ammonium sulphate da kuma adadin magnesium sulphate da 1 m². 
A lokacin pruning na bishiyoyi na rhododendron ya kamata ba ma ya dauke shi ta hanyar hanya, domin inji kanta tana iya samar da siffar zane-zane. Amma wani lokacin kana buƙatar kawar da rassan da aka daskare ko shayar da tsohuwar shuka. Don yin wannan, an yanke rassansa a tsawo na 40 cm daga ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rhododendron ya bambanta da cewa a cikin shekara guda yana da tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, kuma a shekara mai zuwa wadannan siffofin sun ƙi. Don magance halin da ake ciki, dole ne a cire tumatir da bazuwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan flowering don haɗakar ƙarfin da abubuwan gina jiki don ingantaccen flowering.
Irin wannan shuka zai iya zama kyakkyawa mai kyau ga gonar, domin yana da ban sha'awa sosai, ba ma burgewa a cikin tsabta ba, kuma yana da launi daban-daban.
Yayin da ake tsara tsarin zane-zane, dole ne muyi la'akari da cewa irin wadannan nau'in furen sun fi son penumbra, kuma iri-iri iri sun fi son rana da rashin buƙata. An kuma bada shawara don dasa shukin bishiyoyi a kusa da ruwa, ciki har da tafkin, har ma a gefen hanyoyi da ruwaye. 
Za'a iya dasa katako na rhododendron a tsakiya na gadon filawa, kewaye da duwatsu da tsire-tsire. Kayan shafe na iya zama kyakkyawan bayanan ga wannan haske mai haske.
Ana shirya don hunturu
Don adana kyawawan rhododendrons a lokacin sanyi ya zama dole ya haifar da yanayin da ya dace. Da farko dai kana buƙatar rufe tushen da shrub tare da takarda mai kariya na peat da foliage.
Sa'an nan kuma kana buƙatar gina tsari na musamman. Don yin wannan, shigar da fom din akan farfajiya na shuka kuma ya rufe shi da fim ko tarpaulin. Cire zane zai yiwu bayan ƙasa ta warke.
Video: shirya rhododendrons don hunturu
Cututtuka da kwari
Tun lokacin da shrub yana cikin filin bude, akwai hatsarin kwari da cututtuka.
Kila za ku iya sha'awar koyo game da yadda za ku magance cututtuka da kwari na rhododendrons.Ka yi la'akari da mafi yawan mutane:
- Gizo-gizo mite Kasancewa ƙananan kwari, yana tasowa cikin ganye na shuka tare da yanar gizo, yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A sakamakon haka, ganye suna fada. Don kawar da wannan matsala, yana yiwuwa a yad da shrub tare da irin shirye-shirye kamar "Agravertin" ko "Diazinon".
- Aphid Suna aiki daidai da irin wannan makirci, kawai bayyanar su iya haifar da naman gwari, wadda za a iya kawar da shi tare da taimakon magunguna.
Shin kuna sani? Hanyar al'adar girma na rhododendron ya bambanta dangane da kasar girma. Don haka, furannin furanni suna horar da su a Indiya, kuma a Japan suna samar da bonsai daga bushes.
- Mealybug Wannan kwari yana ninka hanzari ya kuma rufe dukkanin sassan yankin tare da fararen fata. Har ila yau yana shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana sa shrub ya bushe. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don kwanciyar hankali tare da Karbofos.
- A kwaro. Tsayar da qwai, kwari yana haifar da ganowa a kan ganye. Don magance wannan kwaro, zaka iya amfani da "Diazinon" ta spraying.
Idan kayi saka idanu akan ci gaba da shuka, zaka iya lura da bayyanar cututtuka a ciki. Wannan zai ba da damar matakan dacewa don kawar da su.
Ga masu lambu da yawa, bishiyoyin rhododendron na Japan ne tsire-tsire da aka fi so, kula da abin da baya haifar da matsala, kuma lokacin flowering yana faranta wa ido ido. Don bunkasa shi, kana buƙatar ka fahimtar kanka da ka'idoji na kulawa, adhering to daidai zazzabi da zafi a cikin dakin.
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