Menene Maple Manchurian yayi kama da gida?

Manchurian Maple abu ne mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan itace tare da ganyayyaki na siffar sabon abu. Kuma ko da yake mahaifarsa ita ce gabas ta Gabas, yana da sha'awar lambu da kuma lambu daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. Bugu da ƙari ga kayan ado, wannan maple yana da dukiya mafi yawa: yana da shuka mai ban mamaki. Yadda zaka shuka wannan itace da kanka - karanta labarin mu.

Abubuwan:

• Yada
• Girma a gida
• Kiwo
• Yanayin shimfidar wuri
• Kasar gona da taki
• Watering da danshi
• Loosing da mulching
• Pruning
• Ana shirya don hunturu
• Kwaro da cututtuka
• Fasarar fashewar yanayin kusa da itacen
• Bayani daga masu amfani akan tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Actellic"

Bayanan Botanical

Manchurian Maple ya kai tsawo na kimanin 20 m, diamita daga jikinsa - har zuwa 60 cm. Haushi yana launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa-launin toka.

Sanar da kanka tare da shahararrun maple nau'in: Red, Norway, Tatar, Jafananci, da Alpine (Amurka).

A ganye ne trifoliate hadaddun tare da dogon m petioles. Suna da lausolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ellipsoidal, har zuwa 8 cm cikin tsawon kuma 2.5 cm a fadin.

Ana haɗa furanni mai launin rawaya-kore a garkuwa na 3-5. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - ƙananan zaki na 3-3.5 cm. Itacen ya fure a watan Mayu, kuma yana da' ya'ya a watan Satumba.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin kwanakin da suka gabata, an yi amfani da ƙafafun motsa jiki daga maple, tun da ƙarfin da tsarin tsari na itace ya sa ya yiwu a yi tsefe tare da hakora da tsayi. Wadannan ridges har yanzu ana iya ganin su a gidajen kayan gargajiya da tsohuwar gida.

Yada

Manyan wuraren Manchu sune: Primorsky Krai, Koriya ta Arewa, Northeast China. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji da kuma bishiyoyi, musamman a kwari.

Amma a yau ana iya samuwa a cikin gidajen Aljannah da arboreta da nisa daga gida, alal misali, a Boston (Amurka) ko Hamilton (Kanada).

Girma a gida

Yanzu bari mu fahimci yadda za mu shuka maple a gida.

Kiwo

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi na haifuwa daga Manchu Maple shine ta tsaba:

1. Saya tsaba ko tattara su a kusa da itatuwan tsabta.
2. Nan gaba shine tsari na tsirrai iri. Saka su a cikin karamin akwati tare da yashi yashi kuma ajiye kwanaki 100 a cikin firiji ko cellar (zazzabi daga + 3 ° C zuwa -3 ° C).
3. A tsakiyar bazara, shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai bude don germination, amma kafin wannan a lokacin rana, ajiye su a cikin hydrogen peroxide. Zaɓi wuri inda akwai isasshen rana. Dole kasar gona ta kasance sako-sako da takin.
4. Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 4 cm ba, yana ajiye zuwa nisa na 1.5 m tsakanin plantings.
5. Bugawa da ruwa da kuma kula da yanayin ƙasa a nan gaba.
6. Na farko harbe zai bayyana bayan kwanaki 15-20. Kafin sanyi, seedlings suna girma zuwa kimanin 40 cm.
7. Dukan dumi kakar kullum ruwa da tsire-tsire da m sako daga weeds.

Manchurian Maple tsaba

Akwai wani hanya mafi sauƙi na irin wannan haifuwa: a tsakar hunturu, shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, kuma za su cigaba a cikin bazara.

Yana da muhimmanci! Saplings daga tsaba a farkon shekara ta rayuwarsu zai iya girma har zuwa 80 cm Bayan shekaru uku ana iya canza su zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Zaka iya amfani da hanyar hanyar grafting, wanda aka gudanar a ƙarshen lokacin rani ko farkon kaka:

1. Shirya cuttings game da 25 cm tsawo. Lower da yanke a wani kusurwa.
2. A kan shirye-shiryen tsire-tsire, bar ganye 2, wanda ya rage ta rabi.
3. Kafin dasa, kula da cuttings a cikin girma stimulant bayani ga 24 hours.
4. Sauke su cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin mita 5. Ƙasa ƙasa ce da haske. Matashi mafi dacewa zai kasance daga ƙasa, peat da yashi (rabo: 3: 2: 1).
5. A cikin bazara, dashi da cuttings cikin wani sabon substrate.

Tsayar da yankan Manchurian

Wani zaɓi na kiwo - iska shimfidu:

1. A farkon spring, a kan wani reshe matasa tare da wuka mai tsabta, sa da dama buƙatacce yanke ta hanyar haushi, bi da su da tushen tushen stimulator.
2. Don kaucewa haɗuwa da yanke, saka a can a wani kumfa ko a kan tsabta mai tsabta, sannan kuma kunsa shi tare da moss-sphagnum da kuma rufe shi da polyethylene.
3. Don kauce wa overheating, kunsa shi duka tare da wani tsare ko wani laushi mai laushi a saman.
4. Domin kakar, rassan zai ba da tushen dama a cikin gansakuka. Wato na gaba, cire kome da kome, yanke lakaran kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai dindindin.

Karanta yadda za ka yi girma a cikin gida (abutilon).

Haka hanya ta samo asali da damuwa da suka girma daga tushe daga bishiyar. Amma ba su sanya wani "damfara" daga ganyen ba, amma sunyi ƙasa kuma sun sauke sashi tare da yanke (har zuwa bazara na gaba). Manchurian Maple Breeding by Air Layers

Don irin wannan kayan ado, zaku iya amfani da hanyar haɗin gwaninta don ƙetare iri daban-daban. Gaskiya ne, shi ne kawai ta wurin masu aikin lambu. Saboda haka:

1. A farkon lokacin bazara, yanke kayan tsabta da kuma adana su a cikin koshin daji a cikin ɗan sama a 0 ° C har sai an sallami ganye akan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
2. Da zarar itace mai girma yana da 'yan ruwan' ya'yan itace mai kyau, sai a yanke wani abu na bakin ciki a kan wurin da akwai koda. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana da tsawo na 1.5-3 m, amma an yarda da shi kuma a sama sama da maƙalar tushen - za a bar ƙwallon kwance a ƙasa.
3. Kashe daidai irin wannan toho tare da zane daga gwaninta. A hankali, ba tare da taɓa yatsunku ba, sanya shi a kan wuka zuwa itace-rootstock kuma hašawa zuwa yanki, don haka akalla baki ɗaya ya dace. Tabbatar da rubutattun launi ba tare da rufe koda ba.
4. Don sanya shinge a juya a matsayin kambi mai launi, yanke dukkan rassan daga rootstock a ƙarƙashin shafin gwaninta, da saman bishiyar, barin rassan rassan 2-3 kawai a saman ginin don ciyar da shuka.
5. Dole ne a cire rassan asali na ƙarshe idan ginin yana da tushe kuma ya fara girma.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka manta ka rufe duk sassan da filin wasa na lambun.

Yanayin shimfidar wuri

Ana dasa bishiyoyi da yawa, yawanci a cikin bazara ko kaka, duk ya dogara ne akan hanyar kiwo.

Maple Manchu yana buƙatar wuri mai haske da wuri mai haske. Kyakkyawan inuwa, zai kuma iya canja wuri, amma karami kawai. Tare da ƙarin shading, itacen zai iya fara girma cikin sannu a hankali, kuma yana iya yiwuwa launi na ganye zai canza. Saboda haka, zai iya rasa dukan kayan ado.

Don bishiyoyi da zasu yi girma kadai, bar nesa da akalla m 3 daga juna kuma 1.5-2 m isa ga shinge.

Gwada ramin 50 × 50 × 70 cm cikin girman (tsawon, nisa, zurfin), zuba malalewa a can - ƙananan pebbles, tubalin fashe, dutse gushe. Ƙara kowane ma'adinai na ma'adinai zuwa rami. Sapling (kafin dasa shuki, rike shi a cikin ruwa don ciyar da asalinsu), a ajiye shi a tsakiya kuma a yayyafa shi tare da cakuda humus, yashi da ƙasa. Tsasa tsami A saka karamin kyan zuma a kusa da sapling kuma ƙulla wani akwati zuwa gare shi, wannan zai adana tsirrai shuka daga iska mai karfi. Har ila yau, kar ka manta da samar da wani watering rami kusa da seedling.

Idan ka dasa shinge - hanyar zai kasance daidai, amma a cikin wannan yanayin zaka buƙaci mai tsawo na kimanin zurfi da nisa kamar rami. Mun ɗaure akwati ga ƙananan matasan

Kasar gona da taki

Maples kamar ƙasa mai laushi tare da dan kadan acidic ko akalla tsaka tsaki. Idan shafin yanar gizon ya zama ƙasa, to dole ne a rike shi da haɗe da yashi da peat. Idan akasin haka, bushe peaty, sa'an nan kuma digging shi, ƙara yashi da lãka.

Dangane da abin da yake da shi mai yawa, an ba da maple da dukan nau'o'in kayan warkarwa. Karanta game da amfani da maple a maganin gargajiya.

Idan ba ka amfani da ma'adinai na taki a lokacin dasa ba, to sai na gaba karawa ƙara 40 g na urea, 15-25 g na potassium salts, 30-50 g na superphosphate da 1 m². A lokacin rani, a lokacin da yake kwance da watering, Kemir Universal yana yawan karawa - 100 g da 1 m².

Gaba ɗaya, yin amfani da takin mai magani tare da takin mai magani wajibi ne 1 lokaci a kowace shekara, kuma kwayoyin halitta (taki, tsuntsaye tsuntsaye) ana amfani dasu 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 4.

Watering da danshi

Maple bishiyoyi ba sa son kasa mai lakabi, don haka suna bukatar talauci da rashin shayarwa. Dole ne a yi ruwa a sapling fiye da alheri kawai a cikin shekarar farko don tsire-tsire tana da tushe.

Wani itacen girma yana isa ya shayar da sau ɗaya a wata, a cikin zafi mai zafi za ka iya sau 3-4. A kan itacen 1 kana buƙatar kimanin lita 10 na ruwa.

Loosing da mulching

Ana buƙatar gyaran haɓaka ba tare da izini ba, yawanci a lokacin da ake shayarwa ko kuma bayan shayarwa, don haka ƙasa ba ta kara zama ba.

Idan kana so ka kare shuka daga matsala ta yanayi, gano dalilin da ya sa kake buƙatar cikewar ƙasa, musamman gabar liyafa ta karkara.

Bayan dasa, dasa bishiyoyi da ƙwan zuma ko ƙasa tare da Layer na 3-5 cm A lokacin rani, don kiyaye tushen asalta, ana iya amfani da maple ta amfani da harsashi na kwayoyi ko sawdust. Irin wannan ciyayi zai riƙe danshi da kare shuka daga weeds. Maple akwati mulching

Pruning

Daga itace, bushe da rassan rassan ya kamata a cire daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Yanke shi ba lallai ba ne. Amma idan har yanzu kuna son yin karin launi mai kyau da kuma yanke gashin ku, dole kuyi haka a kowane lokaci - in ba haka ba kambin zai yi girma ba, kuma sashin jikin da rassan ba zai iya tsayayya da nauyin nauyin ba.

Don inganta maple kuma kai tsaye cikin ci gaba a hanya madaidaiciya, gano duk siffofin pruning a spring, kaka da kuma rani.

Don haka sau ɗaya a shekara, wato hunturu, kuna buƙatar cire busassun, daskararre, rassan rassan, bayan haka - rauni da rashin dacewa, kuma a karshen - daidaita batun siffar kambi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ka tuna: da ya fi guntu ka yanke itacen, da karamin zai zama kambi.

Ana shirya don hunturu

Maple Manchu hunturu-hardy. Ƙarin hunturu hunturu wajibi ne kawai don matasa seedlings - idan akwai isasshen snow, su tushen wuyansa an rufe spruce ganye ko bushe ganye.

Amma ƙwayoyin matasan matasa a farkon shekaru 2-3 na rayuwarsu ya kamata a warmed tare da sacewa, kunsa shi a cikin 2 yadudduka. Manchurian maple tsari don hunturu

Kwaro da cututtuka

Maple zai iya zama irin waɗannan matsalolin:

1. Ƙunƙarar launi (burgundy spots a kan haushi, mutuwar wasu rassan): dole ne a cire rassan da aka shafa nan da nan, an rufe shinge tare da farar lambun, kuma dole ne a yi cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari, an bada shawara don aiwatar da rigakafin wannan cuta: sau 3 a kowace kwana 5 don aiwatar da maganin kawar da jan karfe sulphate a kan dormant buds (5%).
2. Mealy dew (damun kwari a kan ganye): zaka iya pollinate wani itace tare da sulfur da kuma lemun tsami a cikin rabo daga 2: 1. A matsayin ma'auni m, jan sulfate zai kasance mai kyau.
3. Maple whitefly: An yi wa spraying a kan larvae tare da 0.1% "Aktellik" ko ammophos, a watan Yuni ana bi da shi tare da chlorophos (0.15%). Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don tarawa da ƙone ganye.
4. Maple tasting: kafin a yi kodar kodan, yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da prophylaxis - fesa itacen da Nitrafen (3%). A lokacin rani (karshen Yuni - farkon Yuli) yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da Carbofos (0.1%).
5. Maple leaf weevil: itace bi da tare da chlorophos (0.3%). Har ila yau ana gudanar da farawa da ƙasa a cikin kamuwa da kambi na shuka, ta hanyar amfani da chlorophos na granular (7%).
6. Aphids: Maple ne fesa tare da kwari don tsotsa kwari, misali, dimetoatom.

Fasarar fashewar yanayin kusa da itacen

A watan Satumba - farkon watan Oktoba (duk ya dogara da zafin jiki da zafi na iska - wanda yake da zafi da damuwa a kan titin, daga bisani ganye ya fara) rassan maple ya zama launin launi a launi, bayan da ganye ya fada nan da nan ya fara. Itacen ya shiga cikin hutawa.

Ƙarshen fall leaf fall yawanci tare da karfi da sanyaya, ruwan sama sosai da kuma manyan gusts na iska. Yawancin bishiyoyi da yawa sun fi dadewa a kusa da Oktoba 20. Sai kawai a cikin rassan ne aka ajiye bishiyoyi har zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin Rasha a cikin karni na XIX akwai irin wannan al'ada: an yaro yaro a tsakanin tsire-tsire. Wannan itace an dauke shi mai dauke da mabukaci, wani ɓangare na abin da aka ba shi yaro, kuma godiya ga irin wannan tsararraki mai kyau da tsawon rai yana jira shi.

Maple Manchurian zai zama cikakkiyar kayan ado ga lambun ku ko yankunan yankunan birni. Babban abu shi ne shuka shi daidai kuma kada ka manta da kula da itacen. Kodayake, kamar yadda ka rigaya fahimta, ba zai kawo maka matsala mai tsanani ba. Kuma idan kun karanta labarinmu kuma ku karanta duk shawarwarin, to lallai ba ku da tsoro.

Bayani daga masu amfani akan tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Actellic"