Actinidia shine shuka mai in-biyu. Yana da matukar kyau ya haɗu da kallon kallo da kuma jan hankali ta waje tare da kasancewar fruitsa fruitsan itaciya masu lafiya da lafiya. Wannan liana ba mafi yawan al'adu ba ne a wuraren gidajen yaren lambu na Rasha, amma yana da tabbacin yana samun karɓuwa ta musamman saboda bayyanar da ba ta saba ba, yanayin rashin daidaituwa a cikin barin da ikon daidaitawa ga ba koyaushe yanayi mai kyau ba ne, yana da bambanci sosai da irin yanayin ƙasa.
Menene actinidia
Actinidia liana ce wacce ba abune mai ban mamaki ba, wacce zata iya zama kayan ado na ainihi. Hakanan an san shi ga masu lambu a ƙarƙashin sunayen laƙabi "'ya'yan inabi na arewacin", "kiwi", "Amur guzberi", "Raisins Far Eastern." Wannan tsire-tsire ba kawai ba ne mai ban sha'awa da kayan ado ba, har ma yana da amfani sosai. Yana kawo amfanin gona na yau da kullun na berries wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin, macro- da microelements masu mahimmanci ga jiki.
Actinidia a gonar tana da matukar kyau
A cikin lambun, ana amfani da actinidia sosai. Wannan creeper yana da iko kamar itace, kamar an dasa furanni a zahiri tare da manyan ganyayyaki masu kyau. Arbor da verandas ya juya ta ta yi kyau sosai. Kuma zaku iya rufe wasu tsarin marasa fahimta ko ƙirƙirar shinge. Actinidia tana jan hankalin mutane ko da a cikin hunturu ne - harbo nata mai rikitarwa daidai yake da aikin mai fasaha mai zane.
Bidiyo: wane nau'in shuka actinidia
Rarraba
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan actinidia da yawa. Homelandasar mafi yawancin su suban Asiya ne. Amma akwai kuma actinidia colomictus, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a arewacin China. Yayi nasara cikin nasara ba wai kawai a yankin Turai na Rasha ba, har ma a yankuna da ke da yanayin cancanta, wanda ya cancanci matsayin "yankunan hadarin noma" - a Siberia, Gabas ta Gabas, da Urals. Liana sanyi-sanyi ne, yanayin zafi har zuwa -45ºС basa cutar da ita. Babban haɗarin shi shine dawo da lokacin sanyi lokacin bazara, wanda a cikin waɗannan yankuna ba wani abu bane na yau da kullun. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa -2ºС, ganyayyaki zasu sha wahala, amma zasu warke da sauri, a -4ºС kuma su da furannin zasu juya baki su faɗi, -8ºС - mafi ƙarancin mahimmanci wanda harbe bazai rayu ba.
An dade ana amfani da tsiro kuma cikin nasara cikin maganin gargajiya. Ana amfani da duk sassansa - ganye, tushen, haushi, fure. Abincin da aka dafa da infusions suna aiki a matsayin ingantaccen rigakafin cutar atherosclerosis, taimakawa wajen yakar sauran cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, kuma ana amfani dasu idan akwai narkewa da kuma matsalolin numfashi. Hakanan kayan aiki ne da ake buƙata don magance rashi na bitamin.
Gabaɗaya, actinidia tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tsirrai da suka rayu har zuwa yau. Masu ilimin Botan sunce wannan liana ta wanzu ne a sararin duniya a lokaci guda kamar cin abinci, amma, sabanin su, ya iya zamanin zamani. Dangane da haka, tana da ikon daidaitawa ga mafi tsauraran yanayi.
Bayani da bayanai dalla-dalla
Actinidia mallakar rukuni ne na tsire-tsire masu dioecious. Idan kun dasa shi ba kawai don ado ba, har ma da dogaro da fruiting, ya zama dole ku sami daji "namiji" wanda zai yi aikin pollinator. Masu shayarwa sunyi barnatar da wasu sababbin nau'ikan da aka tallata su da kansu, amma aikin ya nuna cewa ba za'a iya kiransu cikakken mai irin wannan ba. Rarrabe tsire-tsire “namiji” daga tsire-tsire “mace” ta furanni. A cikin tsohuwar, suna da daskararru masu yawa, amma basu da maganin ƙwari.
Furanni akan "namiji" actinidia bushes ba kwaro
Don lokacin hunturu, liana ta sauke ganye. Amma kafin hakan, sun sami inuwa mai haske mai haske - rana mai rawaya, farin-kaya, jini-ja. Siffar farantin ganye yana kama da zuciya mai ɗanɗani. A yawancin nau'ikan, duhu ne mai duhu, amma ana samun iri iri tare da ganyen ganye wanda aka fenti da fari, ruwan hoda ko kuma cream.
Ganyayyaki masu launuka masu launuka masu yawa da launuka masu launuka kawai zasu ƙara kayan ado na actinidia
Lokacin fure yana gajere (makonni 2-2.5), amma yana da yawa. Dusar kankara-fari ko furanni ruwan hoda na ƙanana kaɗan, amma furcin da aka buɗe yana ba da ƙanshin ban mamaki, mai kama da kamshin fure mai fure ko lily na kwari.
Blooming actinidia ya ba da ƙanshi mai ban mamaki
'Ya'yan itacen Actinidia suna kama da manyan gooseberries ko ƙananan wian fruitsan kiwi. Dadinsu yana da daɗi ƙwarai, mai daɗi da m, mai annashuwa. Ganyen tumatir ya ƙunshi ƙarin bitamin C fiye da lemons da baƙin currants. Yawanta na yau da kullun shine 'ya'yan itace biyu. Zai fi kyau ku ci berries sabo, don haka gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar barin su rataye a kan itacen inabi har sai sanyi na farko - to rayuwar shiryayye za ta ƙaru sosai.
'Ya'yan itacen Actinidia suna kama da kama da kiwi
Rodents, da farko mice, harbe na actinidia ba su da sha'awar. Suna iya gina gida a cikin sarari tsakanin Tushen. Amma a kan kuliyoyi, shuka tana da kusan iri ɗaya tasirin kamar tincture na valerian. Ba sa cin ganye, amma don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna narkewa ta sansanonin harbe da asalinsu.
Bidiyo: actinidia da cat
An kwatanta Actinidia ta hanzarta girma da farkon balaga. A cikin shekara, ana yin tsawon harbe har zuwa matsakaicin 1.5-2 m. Fruitsan fari na iya ɗanɗano shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 5-5 kilogiram na berries daga shuka mai girma.
Bidiyo: kwaikwayon actinidia
Iri daban-daban da suka dace da yanayin Ural
Don girma a cikin Urals, Colinict actinidia ya fi dacewa. Yana da juriya na sanyi wanda yake buƙata, yana da haƙurin duk wani fata da canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin. Zabi na zamani yana ba da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri iri a Rasha da ƙasashen waje.
Dr. Shimanovsky
Ofayan mafi mashahuri nau'in zaɓi na Yaren mutanen Poland. Matsakaicin tsayin tsinkaya yakai kimanin m 2. An san shi da juriya mai kyau (har zuwa -40ºС). Wadanda suka kirkiro ire-iren an sanya su a matsayin mai-son kai, amma aikatawa yana nuna cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane. Otsan buɗe ido suna da launin m, cakulan launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki sun bambanta, kore mai haske tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fari, cream, pinkish, blurry spots. A cikin bazara, sun canza launi zuwa launin rawaya, mai ruwan hutu, da shunayya mai launin shuɗi. Intensarfin launi ya dogara da wurin dasa shukar itacen inabi - sunan rana, da haske. Variegation ya bayyana kansa bayan shekaru biyu zuwa uku na kasancewa cikin buɗe ƙasa.
Ana iya sa ran hurawa daga tsire-tsire sama da shekaru biyar. Furanni masu ƙananan, farin-dusar ƙanƙara-fari, tare da rawaya masu launin shuɗi, yada ƙanshin lemo mai daɗi. Tsawon lokacin hurawa - har sati uku. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace shine watanni 4-4.5. Yawancin lokaci ana girbe a farkon watan Agusta. Berriesan itacen berries Thean kadan ne, mai nauyin kimanin 2.5-3 g da tsayin 2-2.5 Fatar fata ce salatin, naman yana da ɗumi, yana da kyau, mai daɗi. Ƙanshi ya yi kama da abarba ko apple. Fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen cuku da sauri crumble. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilogiram 12-15 a kowace shuka.
Dokta Actinidia Dr. Shimanovsky - daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan zabukan kasashen waje a Rasha
Sarauniyar Firdausi
Zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa na zaɓi na Rasha sun haɗa cikin Rajista na Rasha a cikin 1999. Abun yana da nau'in kayan zaki. Canjin tsinkaye mai tsayi, tsayin daka wanda ya kai 7-9 m. Winterarfin hunturu a tsakanin -35ºС. Yawan aiki ba shi da girma sosai - 1-2 kilogiram daga shuka mai girma. Da wuya mutane ke fama da cututtuka da kwari. Ganyayyaki suna da haske, launin lemun tsami. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an kwatanta su da babban abun ciki na bitamin C (1700 mg da 100 g na berries). Ripens a farkon kwanaki goma na Agusta. Bishiyar tana da sikelin na yau da kullun ko siffar ganga tare da sare da yanke, ya kai nauyin 3.5-4.5 g kuma tsawonsa ya kai 3.5 cm Fatar fata mai launin kore-zaitun, tare da farin toka. A gefe suna fuskantar rana, ja mai ruwan hoda mai haske zai iya bayyana. Dandano yana da annashuwa, mai daɗi kuma mai daɗi, ƙanshi mai daɗi, mai kaman kamshin apples. Masu sana'a suna ƙididdige dandano sosai sosai - a maki 4.8 cikin biyar.
'Ya'yan itãcen Actinidia Sarauniyar Firdausi suna da daɗi sosai, amma, abin takaici, kaɗan ne
Waffle
Samun nasarar makiyaya ta Moscow. Tsarin-ripening na matsakaici, masana suna ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyau. Yana yin tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa -30ºС. Abubuwan da ba a tabbatar da su ba sun kasance kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, daidaituwa mai yawan gaske (har zuwa kilogiram 7-8 daga itacen inabi mafi girma) da kuma girman Berry (fiye da 8 g). 'Ya'yan itacen suna elliptical tare da ɗakin kwana, kamar dai an yanke tushe. Fata ne maras ban sha'awa, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa. Daga nesa yana iya kama da datti. Ku ɗanɗani tare da ɗanɗanar acidity, ɓangaren litattafan almara suna da laushi, ƙanshin banana. Dandanawa an yi masa kwatancen maki 4.75 cikin biyar. Cikakke berries da sauri crumble. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a cire 'ya'yan itatuwa mara miski - sun yi toho cikin kwanaki 2-3. Tsawon harbe-harbe shine 6-8 m, kauri shine 3-4 cm a cikin tsoffin tsire-tsire, ya kai cm cm 8. Ana samun mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin da aka girma vines a cikin inuwa mai raba haske. Furannin fure sune keɓewa, tare da dusar kankara-fari.
Actinidia Wafelnaya - ɗayan mafi kyawun nasarorin masu shayarwa na Rasha
Jama'a
Actinidia na balaga matsakaici. Harbe girma a hankali fiye da yawancin vines. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, waɗanda suke awo zuwa 4-4.5 g, a cikin nau'ikan ƙyallen ƙwallafa na yau da kullun Dandano yana da daɗi kuma mai daɗi, jiki yana da ƙanshi mai daɗin tuffa (ga wasu yana kama da strawberries). Lemun tsami fata. Dandanawar dandanawa - maki 4.5. Abun harbe ya zama shuɗi, santsi, launin ruwan kasa a launi. Ganyayyaki a gefen gaba mai launin kore ne mai haske, a rana za su iya samun launin shuɗi. A ciki kusan fari fari. An sassaka gefen ƙananan cloves. Ba kasafai yake wahala daga cututtuka ba, amma, in an kwatanta da sauran actinidia, yana jin daɗin ƙara yawan kwari.
Ba kamar yawancin actinidia ba, Yawan ci gaban mutane ba daban bane
Fatan alkhairi
Belorussian iri-iri na matsakaici na balaga. Nagari don namo a duk yankuna na Rasha. Babban mahimmancinsa sun haɗa da ingantaccen ƙwayar cuta (4-5 kilogiram a kowace itacen inabi), babba (1250 MG a kowace 100 g) abun ciki na bitamin C, kuma gaskiyar cewa ba ta fama da cututtuka da kwari. Wani babban koma baya shine hankalin fari. Tsawon lokacin harbe shine 5.5-6 m. Amfanin gona na farko na liana yana kawo shekaru 4-5 bayan dasa a cikin ƙasa. Ya bambanta a cikin girman furanni, ya kai 2.8-3 cm a diamita. Ganyayyaki suna da elongated sosai, a cikin nau'i na weji, tare da kaifi mai kaifi sosai. Matsakaicin nauyin Berry shine 3 g ko slightlyasa da ƙasa. Zuwa saman, a hankali yake narkewa. Ko da cikakken ripened 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su crumble. Ana rufe kwasfa mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsi mai tsayi na launin salatin. Bangon yana da kyau, Sourness ne da ɗan sani. Dandanawar dandanawa - maki 4.5.
Indinidia Fata na da matukar damuwa don sauya danshi
Magpie
Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan farko, 'ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a farkon shekarun watan Agusta. Cutar ba ta da tasiri. Furen yana daɗaɗɗe, tsawon tsawon m 3. ganye suna da taushi, daga launuka na zaitun mai duhu. 'Ya'yan itaciyar suna da elongated, ellipsoid, dan kadan a kwance a gefe, maimakon ƙarami (nauyi - 2.2-2.5 g, tsawon - 2.5-2.8 cm). Fata na bakin ciki ne, lemun tsami, mai santsi, mai sheki. Dankalin turawa yana da daɗi, tare da ƙanshin apple da babban (2200 MG a 100 g) abun ciki na bitamin C. Dandanan ya sami ƙimar mafi girma da za'a iya samu daga masu dandano masu ƙwarewa - maki 5. Yawan amfanin ƙasa, rashin alheri, ya yi ƙasa kaɗan - 1-1.5 kg a kowane daji.
'Ya'yan itãcen Actinidia Magpie a cikin Urals sun haɗu a baya fiye da kowa
Inabi
An dauke daya daga cikin mafi alamar kiwo novelties, amma tare da kyau kwarai hunturu hardiness da kyau rigakafi da cututtuka, akwai kuma gagarumin koma baya - low yawan aiki (ba fiye da 1 kg daga wani daji). 'Ya'yan itãcen sun hau sosai a farkon watan Agusta. Yawancin nau'in kayan zaki ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, suna da nauyin 6-7 g da tsayin 2.2-2.5 cm, mai zurfi sosai, ɗanɗano. Nama ɗan acidic ne, yana da ƙanshin ciyayi mai ƙanshi, wanda ga wasu suna kama da marmalade. Fata na da duhu zaitun a launi, na bakin ciki sosai, kusan tabbatacce. Dogon haske mai haske da ƙaramin haske a jikinta sun dace da yanayin.
Inabi actinidia yana da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa, amma ba ya bambanta da yawan aiki
Gidaje
Da dama farkon ripening, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen a farkon shekaru goma na Agusta. Matsakaicin nauyin berries shine 4-5-5 g, tsawonsa shine 3.5-4 cm .. Fatar fata tana canza launin launuka daban-daban na zaitun. Siffar itace silinda mai tsawo tare da haƙarƙarin rijiya. Dandano ya ɗanɗana daɗin daɗin rai, amma ana tashe tasoshin mai kyau da maki 4.7. Ularfafawa tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai kyau na abarba da apples. Harbe ya kai tsawon 3-4 cm, a hankali. Ko da a cikin manya, creeper haushi riko da kore tint. Tsire-tsire ba sa wahala daga sanyi. Yawan aiki - har zuwa kilogiram 2 a kowane daji.
Dandalin Actinidia Homestead ba mai dadi bane, amma ƙwararraki ne mai ƙanshi kamar shi
Abin ci
'Ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Agusta. Yawan hauhawar liana bai banbanta ba. Taimako, wanda yake da ban sha'awa, yana ɗaure cikakke daidai agogo. Harbe suna da bakin ciki, amma ganyayyaki suna da yawa, tare da manyan jijiyoyi. Furanni suna da aure, a fuskoki suna nuna lilin na kwari. Fulawa tayi kusan wata daya. Tsarin sanyi - cikin -40ºС. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin nau cin silinda mafi sauƙi Fatar fata ce mai bakin ciki, koren zaitun a launi, za a iya rufe ta da rawanin dogon hancin hoto. Bishiyoyin suna da girma sosai - 4.5-5.5 g Theanɗanawa sun daidaita, mai daɗi da m. A ɓangaren litattafan almara kamshi da wuya na abarba. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na kilogiram 5-7 daga maɗaukaki.
Actinidia Gourmand yana haɓaka yawan aiki da kyakkyawan juriya mai sanyi
Moma
Ofan itace iri-iri na marigayi, mallakar nau'in kayan zaki. An kwatanta shi da juriya na sanyi, da wuya ya sha wahala daga cututtuka da kwari. Shootsan matasa suna canza launin launi daga launin kore zuwa launin ruwan hoda a lokacin kakar. Ganyen yana da santsi a waje, a gefen da ba daidai ba tare da jijiyoyin akwai canjin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin siffar zagaye mazugi. Matsakaicin matsakaici ya wuce 2 cm, nauyi shine 2.5-3 g .. Gwanin danshi yana da dadi, tare da ƙanshin abinci mai abarba. Cikakke berries ba crumble. A fata ne mai launin ruwan kasa-mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsi mai duhu, na bakin ciki. An kiyasta ku ɗanɗani da maki 4.5. Yawancin ƙasa ba shi da ƙasa - kilogiram 0.5-1 daga wani tsiro.
Actinidia Moma kusan cutar ba ta kashe shi ba
Adamu
'' Namiji '' shuka, ba ya ‘ya’ya bisa manufa. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman “pollinator” na gama gari na kowane ɗan adam da aka bayyana. Matsakaicin tsinkayen itacen zaitun shine 3.5-4. Ganyen suna da ado sosai - lokacin da tsiron ya kai shekaru 3-5 a lokacin hutu, sannu a hankali suna canza launin shukar shuki mai haske zuwa kusan fararen launi, wanda ke jujjuya launin ruwan hoda a farkon kaka. Yawan tsufa da liana, da tsananin zafin saurin farantin ganye. Furanni ƙananan, fararen fari, tattara a cikin inflorescence na uku. Almostanshin sa kusan ba zai yiwu ba, kama da warin lemun tsami.
Adam shine madaidaicin pollinator ga kowane jinsin "mace" actinidia na colomict
Gabaɗaya, launuka mai haske alama ce ta rarrabe na tsire-tsire "actinidia" na maza. Ganyensu sun fi girma da haske fiye da “mace”. Fulawa yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon bazara.
Bidiyo: yadda ake bambance '' male '' actinidia daji daga 'mace'
Yadda ake shuka shuka
Actinidia wata itaciya ce da ta dade tana rayuwa. Za ta yi ado da lambun aƙalla rabin ƙarni. A lokaci guda, Liana ba ta son ɗaukar hoto da yawa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kusanci tsarin dasa sosai da kulawa.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Lokacin zabar wani shafi don actinidia, da farko, yana da daraja la'akari da tsawon rayuwar shuka. Yana da tsawo sosai, don haka liana tana girma sosai cikin tsayi da faɗi. Yana da kyau a fara sanin kanka tare da kwatancin wani nau'ikan iri daban-daban da kuma mai da hankali kan mahimmancin girma na shuka.
Actinidia baya gabatar da buƙatu na musamman akan ingancin ƙasa, kodayake yana ƙaruwa mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai haske a cikin humus da abubuwan gina jiki. Balanceididdigar acid-base na substrate tsaka tsaki ne ko ɗan acidic. Alkaline bai dace ba. Amma zaka iya "acidify" shi da taimakon sawdust na conifers, citric ko acetic acid, peat.
Lokacin dasa shuki actinidia da yawa a lokaci guda, ya zama dole don samar da kowane shuka tare da isasshen yanki don abinci mai gina jiki
Tun da wurin haihuwar actinidia gandun daji ne mara kyau, tana ƙaunar danshi. Amma ba ya haƙuri lokacin da ruwa ya ɓaci a tushen. Ruwa na ƙasa bai kamata ya kusanci zuwa saman sama da mita ba. Idan wannan ba haka bane, lallai ne ku zuba kayan magudanan ruwa a gindin mashigar ko gina tsauni aƙalla rabin tsayi mita.
Duk wannan a cikin Ural abu ne mai yiwuwa. Abu mafi wahala shine samar da isasshen hasken rana da zafi. Colinict actinidia inuwa ce mai haƙuri, amma ba ta cika aiki ba. Rashin haske mara kyau sosai yana rinjayar adadin da ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itacen. Lana tana da ban sha'awa sosai, wacce aka dasa a gindin bishiya a cikin inuwar "buɗe ido". Tana iya amfani da gangar jikinta a matsayin tallafi na zahiri. Amma itacen kada ta kasance mai yawan 'ya'ya, in ba haka ba yawanta zai ragu sosai. Wataƙila liana 'za ta iya' dame shi.
Actinidia za ta yi haƙuri da penumbra mai haske, ga youngan matattun itaciya ma yana da kyau
Kyakkyawan Legumes na takin actinidia kowane yanki ne. Sun cika kasar gona da sinadarin nitrogen kuma suna kwance shi, suna inganta iskar iskar. A lokaci guda, suna samar da keɓaɓɓen magana, suna hana substrate bushewa. Currant da hazel kuma sun dace - duka biyu kamar maƙwabta da kuma al'adun da suka gabata. Actinidia tana kallon abubuwan ban sha'awa da ke kewaye da launuka masu haske - petunias, asters, viols, gerberas, marigolds. Ba '' masu gasa bane '' a cikin gwagwarmaya don abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin ƙasa. Mafi "rashin aboki" don actinidia shine itacen apple.
Shiri don saukowa
Yanayin da ke cikin Urals shine cewa kawai lokacin da zai yiwu don actinidia ya sauka shine bazara. Yankin kaka shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don yankuna dake kusa da subtropics. Hunturu a cikin Urals ba koyaushe ya zo daidai da kalanda ba, kuma inji yana buƙatar akalla watanni biyu kafin sanyi don daidaitawa ga sabon yanayin rayuwa kuma ya tsira daga sanyi. Liana da aka dasa a ƙarshen Mayu tabbas zai sami ƙarfi sosai kafin lokacin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, yiwuwar dawowar lokacin bazara da yawan zafin jiki kwatsam ya ragu sama da a watan Afrilu, kuma ƙasa na sarrafawa don dumama. Ana dasa Actinidia kafin ganye masu ganye "farka" a cikin itacen inabi.
Yadda za a zabi zuriya
Zaɓin ɗan ƙwaya shine babban tsari mai alhakin. Ana ba da shawarar fara lambu don sayen tsire-tsire na musamman a cikin shaguna na musamman ko gandun daji. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo da za a iya tabbatar da cewa shi daidai yake da abubuwan da ake so. Sayi hannun riga ko a bikin gona babban hadari ne. A lokaci guda, yana da kyawawa cewa gandun daji inda shuka ya girma kuma yana cikin Urals. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire an riga an saba da halayen yanayin yankin.
Siyarwa daga masu ba da amintacce - garanti na ingancin kayan dasawa
Abin da abin da ya kamata ka ka bishe shi a lokacin da ka zabi:
- Tushen actinidia suna da rauni sosai, saboda haka ya fi kyau ba da fifiko ga shuka tare da tushen tushen tushen garkuwa. Don haka zaku iya bada garantin cewa baza su sha wahala lokacin sufuri ba kuma zasu bushe kafin sauka. Minti biyar zuwa goma a cikin iska ya isa Tushen su wahala ba tare da tsangwama ba.
- Tsirrai na shekara-shekara suna ɗaukar tushe sosai a cikin sabon wuri. Haka kuma, da kyar suna da dunun da ke da wuya a ciki. Babban seedling (shekaru uku ko fiye) ba ta zama zaɓi mafi kyau ba.
- Idan an sayi actinidia tare da tsammanin amfanin gona na gaba, kasancewar pollinator ya zama tilas. Ga kowane busheshen "mace" guda uku, ana samun "namiji" na nau'in guda ɗaya (wani lokacin ana bada shawarar 5: 2). Inlin ta ɗanɗana pollination ba zai yiwu ga wannan tsiron ba.
- Lingsalingsan da ke girma daga tsaba ba koyaushe suke gaji halayen 'iyaye' ba. Wannan ya dace kawai don actinidia da aka samo daga itace. Ana iya rarrabe su da kasancewar gangar jikin mai kama da “kututture” da kuzari a kaikaice, daga yadda harbe-kere ke tsiro. Plantaukar ƙwayar iri na shekara kawai shine harbi mai santsi.
- A colomict na actinidia, ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, ana fentin zane a wani launi mai duhu - kore-launin ruwan kasa, ja-ruwan kasa, cakulan. Sananan haɓaka kewaye da inuwa mai haske suna bayyane a bayyane. Ragowar harbe-tallacen actinidia suna paler da yawa - yashi, m, launi salatin.
Saukowa rami shiri
An shirya rami rami don actinidia a cikin fall ko aƙalla fewan makonni kafin ranar da aka shirya. Yawancin bushes mafi kyau ana shirya su a jere daga arewa zuwa kudu. Ka bar aƙalla mita ɗaya da rabi tsakanin kurangar inabin, da kuma tsakanin layuka - aƙalla 3.5-4 m. Matsakaicin zurfin ramin ya kusan rabin mitir, diamita shine 50-60 cm.
A kasan ramin, tare da faranti aƙalla 10 cm lokacin farin ciki, bulo mai kauri, yumɓu mai haɓaka, ƙwaƙwalwa, haɓakar yumɓu ana zubar da kullun. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wasu kayan kamar magudanar ruwa.
Ana buƙatar Layer magudana a ƙasan ramin saitin don actinidia
Babban saman ƙasa wanda aka fitar daga rami an haɗe shi da humus (10-12 l), superphosphate mai sauƙi (180-200 g), potassium sulfate (70-90 g) da urea (40-50 g). Tare da cakuda da aka gama kana buƙatar cika kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na ƙara daga ramin, samar da motsi.
Lokacin dasa shuki actinidia, kuna buƙatar samar da wuri don sanya trellis. Yana da kyawawa don ya zama mai haɗuwa. A wannan yanayin, ana iya cire harbe daga ciki kuma tsari don hunturu. A cikin Urals, yana iya zama mai tsananin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara mai walƙiya, don haka ya fi kyau a kunna shi lafiya. Idan an yi niyya cewa zai hau kan bango ko shinge, ana sanya shuki kusan mitoci daga gare su. Masu jan kunne ba su da tushen iska, saboda haka suna da aminci sosai ga kowane gini. Tsawon goyon baya ya zama irin wannan da shuka ya dace don kulawa da girbi. Isa 3-3.5 m.
Actinidia akan trellis tayi kyau sosai fiye da kyawun da aka yiwa fulawa, haka ma, yafi sauki duba bayan ta
Tsarin ƙasa
Tsarin dasa actinidia a cikin ƙasa yana ɗaukar matakai da yawa.
- An yi tukunya da tsire-tsire a cikin akwati da ta dace tare da ruwa na kimanin rabin sa'a. Kuna iya ƙara potassium permanganate zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi (don tsagewa) ko kowane biostimulant (don ƙarfafa kariyar shuka).
- Ana shayar da ƙasa a cikin ramin saukowa.
- Suna yin zurfin zurfafawa, suna cike gindinsa tare da wani yanki mai tsabta na ƙasa mai tsabta, ba tare da takin zamani ba. Wannan zai taimaka wajan kariya daga tushe.
- An cire Actinidia daga tukunya, yana ƙoƙarin yin ƙarancin lalacewa yadda yakamata a cikin tarko. An sanya shi a cikin hutu da aka yi a saman ƙwanƙwasa a cikin ramin kuma an ƙara ƙasa a cikin ƙananan rabo, a lokaci-lokaci a hankali ana ƙyamar shi. Tabbatar tabbatar cewa tushen wuyansa ba ya zurfafa.
An dasa Actinidia, yana ƙoƙarin dame tushen kamar yadda zai yiwu
- Dankin da aka shuka yana shayar da shi sosai, yana ciyar da aƙalla lita 25-30 na ruwa. Ba kwa buƙatar tono ramuka don ban ruwa, saboda ruwan sama da ruwan narke kada su tara a cikinsu.
- Lokacin da aka tunawa danshi, da'irar gangar jikin tare da diamita na 50-70 cm an mulched tare da sabon ciyawa, ciyawar peat, humus (Layer 10 cm lokacin farin ciki). Idan akwai kuliyoyi a cikin yankin ku ko makwabta, yana da kyau ku kewaye shuka da ƙarfe ko kuma don gina wani shinge. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya zubut da harbe da asalinsu.
Yana da kyawawa don kewaye matasa actinidia tsire bayan dasa tare da m-raga karfe karfe, kare su daga kuliyoyi
- A lokacin rani, ana jan farin sutturar abu ko tauze a yadudduka da yawa akan liana. Wannan zai taimaka mata nasarar cin nasarar “damuwa” da kuma kare ƙasa daga bushewa. M tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da hasken rana kai tsaye.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka actinidia
Shawarwarin Kula da Iyaye
Actinidia colomicta an cancanci a lura da unpreentious care shuka. Yana da takamaiman "filastik", tare da samun nasarar daidaita sahu ga yanayin damina da yanayin yanayi. Sabili da haka, namowarta a cikin Ural ba shi da bambanci da narkar da sauran fannoni.
Watse
Yayi yawa da / ko akai-akai ruwa zai juya kasar gona a kusa-kara da'irar zama fadama, amma wannan actinidia bai yarda da komai ba. Idan bazara ta yi sanyi, shuka zai iya yi da ruwan sama na halitta. A cikin zafi, ana aiwatar da hanya a kowane kwanaki 6-9, ana amfani da lita 50-70 na ruwa ga itacen inabi mafi girma. Idan babu ruwan sama tsawon lokaci, yana da kyau a daɗaɗa ganyen tun da sassafe ko da yamma.
Don riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a mulkar da'irar gangar jikin. Wannan kuma zai adana lokaci a kan shuka. Kowane lokaci bayan shayarwa, ƙasa tana kwance, amma a hankali - tushen tsarin actinidia na sama ne, tushen ba shi da zurfi sama da 10-15 cm.
Ciyawa yana taimakawa riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa ya kuma adana lokaci a kan shuka
Aikace-aikacen taki
Actinidia yana ba da amsa sosai ga takin mai magani, ma'adinai ko kwayoyin. A farkon lokacin ciyayi mai aiki, ana buƙatar takin mai magani nitrogen don gina taro mai kore. 15-20 g na urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate a kowace murabba'in murabba'i ko 20-25 l na humus, ana rarraba takin da aka juyawa akan yankin da'irar akwati yayin kwance.
Urea, kamar sauran takin mai magani na nitrogen, yana sanya itacen inabin ya gina taro.
Manyan riguna na biyu shine takin zamani. Ash ash itace asalin halitta na phosphorus da potassium. Jikinta (mai lita uku na lita 10 na ruwan zãfi) yana shayar da ita daga farkon lokacin bazara. Idan yanayin actinidia ko yawan haɓaka bai dace da ku ba, a cikin lokacin za'a iya fesawa sau 3-4 tare da maganin kowane takaddun ma'adinai na duniya ma'adinin (Kemira-Lux, Agricola, Zdrazen ko wasu sun dace).
A farkon kaka, ana shayar da actinidia tare da bayani na potassium sulfate (10-15 g) da superphosphate (30-35 g) a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Idan damina ta yi ruwa, zaku iya rarraba saman miya a cikin da'irar kusa-wuri a cikin bushe bushe. Wani madadin takaddun takaddun abu ne wanda ya ƙunshi phosphorus da potassium (ABA, Autumn). Ba za a iya gabatar da Nitrogen a wannan lokacin ba - yana hana shuka daga shirya yadda ya dace don hunturu.
Kamannen bai yarda da sinadaran sinadarin cineine da lemun tsami ba. Sabili da haka, domin ya lalata yawan acid din da ya wuce gona da iri, yi amfani da gari na dolomite, alayyafo, ƙwai. Kuma ana amfani da sinadarin chloride potassium a matsayin takin zamani gaba daya.
Kirki da kambi na kambi
Tunda ɗayan manyan ayyukan actinidia ado ne, kasancewarta kambi tsari ne na tilas. Irin wannan liana yana da kyan gani, yana girma sosai, yana samar da sabon harbe a hanzari.
Ingancin shukra na taimaka wa ci gaban kambi
Ka'idoji da sharudda na datsawa kamar haka:
- Idan yanayin shuka ya zama mai gamsarwa, an kara harbe harbe game da tsawon mita na farkon kakar, ana iya yin girki riga a cikin shekara ta biyu na kasancewa a buɗe ƙasa. In ba haka ba, ana jinkirtar da hanya zuwa wani sa'in. Lokacin da ya dace da shi daidai ne bayan fure ko rigaya a cikin kaka, lokacin da ganyayyaki suka faɗi (ba ya wuce wata ɗaya kafin sanyi na farko). A cikin bazara, ba a ba da shawarar pruning saboda zafin kwarara kwarara.
- A karo na farko, an cire dukkanin harbe har zuwa matakin girma, yana barin 3-4 mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi haɓaka. An ɗaure su ga trellis, suna ba da tsayayyen matsayin tsaye. A lokacin bazara, Liana tayi karfi na fitar da harbe har abada. Hasalima ko shida daga cikinsu ana tsaida su akan tallafi, amma tuni an daidaita su. Tsarin da aka samar yakamata ya zama kamar fan. Arin gaba, waɗannan harbe zasu buƙaci a zame su kowace kaka, a cire ganye na ganye na sama 2-3.
- A cikin shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu na rayuwa, ana kafa harbe-harbe, daga nan ne za su girbe. An yi su da ya fi guntu, suna jan kamar rabi. Sanya su kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, a tsaye kuma a kwance.
Dukkanin kayan yau da kullun yana ba da actinidia a matsayin mai gani.
- Karka manta game da girkin tsafta. Kowace shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka, duk daskararre, bushe, cututtuka da kwari ke cirewa. Hakanan, sannu a hankali ana iya farfado da liana, a daina samun harbe harbe sama da shekaru 12-15.
Bidiyo: trimming actinidia
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Daban-daban na actinidia, wanda ya dace da girma a cikin Urals, ana saninsa da juriya mai tsananin sanyi. Amma ya fi kyau a zauna lafiya a rufe shuka.
- Tsaftace akwati na keɓaɓɓen tsire-tsire masu ƙarewa.
- Bayan haka, ana sabunta lakabin ciyawa, yana kawo kauri a gindin akwatin zuwa 20-25 cm.
- The actinidia harbe ne a hankali gano daga trellis da kuma dage farawa daga ƙasa, dusting tare da ganye, hay, itace shavings, spruce rassan da tightening da dama yadudduka na breathable sutura abu.
- Da zaran isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, suna jefa tsarin sakamakon, yana yin dusar kankara. A lokacin hunturu, ana sake sabunta shi sau 2-3, yayin ɓarke ɓawon burodi mai ƙarfi wanda aka kafa akan saman.
Cututtukan gama gari da kwari
Gaskiyar cewa actinidia yana da matukar wuya, kuma tare da kulawa ta dace, kusan ba sa fama da cutar fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ba za su iya yin farin ciki ba ga lambu. Karin kwari kuma basu da ƙauna ta musamman ga wannan shuka.
Amma akwai banbancen da ka’idar mulki ta gaba:
- Phyllosticosis. Cutar cututtukan fata da za'a iya gano shi da duhu launin ruwan duhu tare da iyakar maroon akan ganye. A hankali, kyallen a cikin wadannan wurare ya bushe, ramuka sun bayyana. Mafi sau da yawa, phylostictosis yana shafar tsohuwar actinidia ko tsire-tsire waɗanda tushensu suka lalace.
Phylostictosis yafi rinjayar tsohuwar actinidia creepers
- Ramulariosis Farantin takarda a garesu an rufe shi da shimfiɗar bakin ciki mai faɗi da iyaka mai duhu.
Ramulariosis cuta ce mai haɗari ta hanyar fitsari wanda za ta iya sha wahala idan an kula da shi ba yadda ya kamata
Bayan gano alamun farko na firgita, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan magance da kuma hana sake yin rashin lafiya:
- ganye masu cuta suna buƙatar cirewa da ƙone su;
- fesa da shuka sau da yawa tare da tazara na kwanaki 7-12 tare da maganin 2% na sulfate jan karfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux.
Waɗannan sune hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa, amma zaka iya amfani da wasu, ƙarin abubuwan ban dariya na zamani - Abiga Peak, Skor, Topaz, Horus da sauransu.
Daga cikin kwari, caterpillars, beetles leaf, da lecewing sun kula da actinidia. Suna iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga shuka ta hanyar cin ganye da furannin fure daga ciki. Don magance su, an watsa itacen itacen inabi sau 2-3 tare da shirya gwargwadon umarnin umarnin kowane maganin kashe kwari - Inta-Vir, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Tanrek da sauransu.
Ganye irin ƙwaro cuta ce mai kyan gani, amma tana haifar da lahani babba
Girbi da adanawa
Actinidia ta kawo fruitsa fruitsan farko na shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. A yawancin nau'ikan, fruiting yana farawa a watan Agusta kuma yana akalla watanni 1.5. Unripe berries a lokacin ajiya na iya yaɗu, ya zama mai daɗi.
Actinidia berries ta girma a hankali, girbe a cikin makonni 4-6
An adana 'ya'yan itacen actinidia mai ɗumi a cikin daki mai sanyi (10-12ºС) tare da kyakkyawan iska da zafi a matakin 60-75%. Tabbatar cewa babu wasu ƙoshin abinci ko abubuwa masu kusa. Berries sauƙi sha kamshi.
Yayin maganin zafi, amfanin actinidia baya rasa asara. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a dafa jam, compote daga gare ta, yin sauran shirye-shirye na gida. Ana adana berries mai bushe, bushe da bushe a mafi tsayi.
Jiyya mai zafi baya rage amfanin 'ya'yan itatuwa actinidia
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Yawancin masanin rikodin tarihin actinidia Dr. Shimanovsky ya shahara sosai, yana kulawa da shi bai bambanta da sauran nau'in wannan nau'in ba. Har yanzu ban tabbatar da haihuwa na ba, tsirowata yana da kyau sosai, a shekarar da aka dasa shukar liana ta kori kimanin m 2. Yanke hukunci da bayanin, ya makara da wannan nau'in, ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta huɗu ko ta biyar.Yankin hunturu ya yi yawa. Ban san yadda Szymanowski yake ba, amma wani nau'in Issai mai cin gashin kansa, lokacin da aka goge shi, yana haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da nauyin 'ya'yan itacen. Ina buƙatar kariya daga kuliyoyi, a gare ni, wannan silinda ne da aka yi da galvanized waya raga (murabba'i), 1.5 m tsawo da 0.6 m a diamita. Tana son ƙasan da ke da laushi amma ba ta iyo, ba ta son tsawaita ruwa, yana da kyau a shirya magudanan ruwa. Ba sa tono ƙasa a cikin kurangar inabin, ba sa son takin mai ɗauke da sinadari, ƙasa ba ta dace ba, suna buƙatar tallafi, suna girma da kyau a cikin inuwa m da kuma wuri mai haske.
Andrii//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=360&start=45
Da farko ina bayar da shawarar actinidia Gourmand. Productivewarai da yawa, manyan varietyan itace iri-iri, kuma an tabbatar da su. A bara, ya tattara kilogiram 4, kuma wannan a fili ba iyaka bane ga itacen kurangar da akan kafa trellis mai fili. Ganyen suna da fararen fari da ruwan hoda. Universitetskaya iri-iri ne mai ban sha'awa a launin ganye (yana ba da 'ya'ya har a cikin Novosibirsk). Ganyenta daga haske ne mai haske zuwa launin rawaya mai haske tare da iyakar burgundy mai kyau; yawan amfanin sa, maras tabbas ne (ban riga na ba da wannan nau'in kusancin Lakomka ba, kodayake itacen inabinsa ya tsufa). Ba ku da wuya a cire duk launin launuka daga trellis, amma har yanzu kuna lafiya. Kuma kai Adamu.
Sorokin//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Wani saiti na "matashin lambu" don bazara: Adam, Gourmand da Leningradskaya (idan ba haka ba, to Waffle), da kyau, menene abokai zasu iya yi.
Musya//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Ina girma Colomics na Satumba da Dr. Shimanovsky (da "mutumin" Adam a tsakiyansu). Dukkanin daga wuraren aikin Poland, babu matsaloli tare da su, duk da cewa ina da ƙasa mai sanyi. Dukansu actinidia, a ganina, suna da alaƙa iri biyu a cikin bayyanar da ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma da bayyanar creepers, ban rarrabe tsakanin su ba. Bambancin Shimanovsky da Adam, da Satumba - ba kamar ("kamar") - saboda ana shuka su tare da ni da yawa, kuma ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a rarrabe inda reshensu). Dukansu actinidia suna da amfani kuma suna da daɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen ripened a karo na biyu rabin Agusta. Amma a wannan shekara akwai wani abu mai ban mamaki: Satumba daya ya balaga kusan wata daya kafin jadawalin - a watan Yuli! Kodayake bazara ba ta yi zafi ba. Kuma Ina son shi fiye da - mun ci Actinidia na tsawon wata daya: a cikin Yuli - Satumba, a watan Agusta - Shimanovsky.
Lucy2011//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Na gwada mai sukar da Waffle, na farko ya fi kyau, amma babu wani abin da zai iya zama darajan yaba shi da ƙarfi, ɗanɗano yana da ƙarfi in an kwatanta shi da sauran fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari.
Lateral//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=3667&st=40
Na yi biyu actinidia girma shekaru bakwai - Dr. Shimanovsky da Adam. Szymanowski da alama bisexual ne, amma ta wata hanya, lokacin da ta siya, ta ɗauki Adamu don abin dogaro. Don haka menene? Ba a taɓa samun 'ya'yan itace ba! A cikin 2015, a karo na farko na ga fure, amma berries ba su fara ba. A bara, babu furanni. A bushes kamar al'ada, kyawawan ganye tun Agusta. Girma a bude. Kusan cikin cikakken rana.
Liliya//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=360&start=225
A wannan shekara, a karo na farko na gwada berries na actinidia iri Lakomka (aka Lasunka), ra'ayi na farko yana da kyau sosai. Wannan damina ta yi sanyi, damana, kuma 'ya'yan itacen Argut ba su daɗaɗa dabarun dandano da ƙamshi mai daɗi a cikin kowane iri. A cikin girman Gourmand ya fi Satumba girma.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=396&page=211
Abu ne mai yuwuwa don yin girma actinidia (musamman ma nau'ikan launinsa daban daban) a cikin Urals, duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan yanki ya cancanci mallakar "yankuna masu haɗari". Daga cikin yawancin nau'ikan zaɓi na Rashanci da na kasashen waje, kowane lambu zai sami wanda ya dace da shi. Babban alfanun wannan al'ada sune adoraveess, juriya sanyi, yawan aiki mai kyau da kuma unpretentiousness gabaɗaya. Su ne suka ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa actinidia tana ƙara yaduwa a Rasha.
