Ga ƙarni da yawa, ga mutane, babu wani abin ban mamaki a cikin gaskiyar cewa an dauki kaza shine tushen nama da qwai. Duk da haka, akwai kaji waɗanda aka bred ba kawai don abinci ba, har ma don yin ado da yadudduka.
Daya daga cikin wadannan karan da ake kira sultanka, siffofin abin da muke bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.
Abubuwan:
- Halaye da fasali
- Bayyanar
- Yanayi da haɓaka tare da wasu tsuntsaye
- Alamar nauyi
- Gwajiyar kwanciyar hankali da shekara-shekara
- Hatching instinct
- Abinci
- Chickens
- Manya
- Yanayin Ilimin
- A cikin hawan kaza tare da tafiya
- Zai yiwu a haifi a cikin cages
- Cututtuka na kowa
- Gwani da kuma fursunoni
- Video: Hens irin sultanka
- Bayani na manoma daji a kan sultan
Tarihin tarihi
An yi imanin cewa Sultan, ko Seral-Taook, an kawo shi zuwa Daular Turkiyya, kuma babban manufarsa ita ce ta ado da lambunan Sultanate. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masana kimiyya sun bayar da shawarar cewa wannan nau'in ya haifar da kiwo, kuma kakanninsa na cikin kaji na Pavlovsky.
A farkon 1854, an kawo kajin zuwa Ingila, bayan haka an rarraba ta a kasashen Turai da dama. Na farko bayanin game da wannan nau'in ana samun baya a 1600, to, a 1835 an samo shi a cikin rubuce-rubucen Linnaeus da Foith.
Shin kuna sani? A kan hoton da aka zana daga nuni na 1881, shunin sultan na rawaya, yayin da kajin yau na wannan nau'in suna da zane-zane.
Halaye da fasali
Dangane da fitinarsu, manoma sun fi girma irin wannan tsuntsu masu ado. Chickens suna da halin kwantar da hankula, wanda ya taimaka sosai tare da goyon baya, saboda ko da yake a lokacin baje kolin bayanan, mutane suna jin dadi da kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, yana da daraja a lura cewa tsuntsu yana da sauri samun amfani da mai shi, bayan haka kusan kusan kusa da shi.
Bayyanar
Idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'in sultan hens, yana kama da ƙananan tsuntsaye, wanda za'a iya gane ta bin fasali:
- launi - tsuntsu yana da fuka-fukai kawai, yayin da zakara zai iya samun launin fatar jiki a jikin jiki. Babban bambanci, wanda zai taimaka wajen gane shi a cikin sauran kaji, shine gaban tuft, ruwa da kananan gemu;
- kirji - da zakara na wannan nau'in yana da faɗakarwa sosai, yana da raguwa kuma yana da ƙananan fitilar, an dawo da baya kuma tana da mummunan launi. Hen na Sultanka jinsi yana da yawa fiye da zakara, ƙirjinta kadan ne da zurfi;
- kafafu - wannan nau'in kaji yana da launin ruwan hotunan kawai a kan ƙwayoyin, yayin da akwai gashin tsuntsu a kafafu. Sultanok yana da yatsunsu biyar a ƙafafunsa;
- shugaban "Sultans suna da ɗan gajere da gajeren kai tare da wata babbar motar da ta fi girma a cikin hens fiye da roosters." Gudun tsuntsaye ya takaice, tare da siffar dan kadan, ƙananan hanyoyi a kan shi sun fi girma fiye da wadanda karancin kaji. Tsuntsaye a kan tsuntsu yana kama da ƙaho mai tsayi, akwai karamin gemu mai tsaka-tsalle, a baya akwai kananan lobes da 'yan kunne;
- wuyansa kaji ya ragu kuma ya koma baya, akwai karamin manya;
- da wutsiya tsuntsaye yana da fadi da yalwa, wadda take a matsakaicin matsayi na jiki;
- fuka-fuka nau'in yana da tsawo, a lokaci guda an guga su a jikin jikin kajin kuma dan kadan ya sauke.
Yanayi da haɓaka tare da wasu tsuntsaye
Sultanka yana da halin kirki da sada zumunci, amma duk da haka, an san kajin ne saboda yawan ƙarfin da yake da shi da kuma matakin aiki. Ana ba masu mallakar irin wannan kajin su hana ƙuntata tsuntsaye zuwa wuraren da suke kore. Suna da abokantaka kuma basu shirya yakin tsakanin dangi ko wasu tsuntsaye a cikin gidan kaza. Masana ilimin kimiyya, don adana nau'in nau'ikan wannan jinsin, suna bada shawara a ajiye su daga rabuwa.
Bincika wasu nau'in kaji iri iri: siliki na Sin, Oryol, Paduan, Gudan, milfleur, appenzeller, bantamka, sybright, sabo.
Alamar nauyi
Tun da yawancin mutanen da ke cikin sultan suna da ƙananan ƙananan girma da kuma babban aiki, kada muyi tsammanin nauyin nauyi daga gare su. Sabili da haka, nauyin tsofaffin kaji na wannan nau'in ya kai 2 kg, yayin da zakara ya kasance kilo 2.7.
Gwajiyar kwanciyar hankali da shekara-shekara
Sultan, kamar sauran tsuntsayen gida, yana da matukar girma kuma ya kai shi a lokacin da yake Watanni 5.
Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin kaza ana yin bred a matsayin kayan ado, kada ka yi tsammanin tsayi mai yawa yayin da za ka kwanta daga ciki.
A matsakaici, mai girma mutum na Sultan ya kawo mai shi Shekaru 80-100 a kowace shekara. Tsuntsaye suna dauke da ƙananan nau'ukan fararen launi.
Shin kuna sani? Alamomin mafi girma na samfur na sultan sun nuna a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwarsu, bayan haka sun fara komawa hankali.
Hatching instinct
Duk da ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwai, sultanas an san shi ne hens, wanda ke mallaka Kyakkyawan koyarwar nasizhivaniya. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan tsuntsaye suna amfani dasu don ƙuƙuwa na kiwo, saboda haka baza ku buƙaci incubator don kiwon waddan ba. Bugu da ƙari, suna da babban adadin ƙwayar haihuwa da kuma kwanciyar zuma, wanda shine kusan 90%.
Saboda haka, ƙwarewar wannan nau'in ba matsala ba ne, matsalar kawai ta taso ne lokacin sayan qwai sultanka. Gaskiyar ita ce, masana'antu na yau da kullum ba su girma wadannan kaji ba, kuma idan sun sayi sayen yanar gizo akwai babban damar samun karya. Sabili da haka, zaɓar masu taya masu amintacce kawai, yin la'akari da hankali kafin duk sake dubawa game da su.
Abinci
Manoma da suke da gonar gona na wannan irin, dole ne a lura da yadda suke ciyar da su. Babu bukatun musamman don cin abincin wadannan tsuntsaye, haka ma, suna cin abinci mai yawa fiye da kaji na talakawa, amma dole ne ya kasance mai banbanci da daidaita. Abincin abincin kaza da kuma sultanki kaji babba ya bambanta, don haka za mu mayar da hankali ga ciyar da kowane ƙarni a cikin daki-daki.
Chickens
Nestlings na Sultanka suna da karfi da kuma karfi, a karkashin yanayin da suka dace da gidajensu da abinci, mutuwarsu ba ta wuce 10% ba.
Abincin su ne kamar haka:
- A rana ta farko bayan bayyanar kaza, albarkatun da aka tafasa suna zama abincinsa.
- A rana ta biyu, ana ba da izinin ƙara wasu semolina ko gizon masara.
- A rana ta uku, wajibi ne a kara adadin abincin mai-mikiya don cin abinci na jarirai, mafi kyau ga wannan shine ƙwayar gida mai ƙananan ko madara m.
- Bugu da ƙari, masu nazarin dabbobi sun bada shawara daga rana ta farko don shayar da maganin glucose, wanda za'a saya a kowane kantin magani. Irin wannan cin abinci na farko a mako na farko zai taimaka wajen inganta rayuwar kujin kaza kuma inganta lafiyarta.
- Bayan makon farko, ana bada shawara don ƙara akalla 50% greenery zuwa cin abinci na yau da kullum, kuma tare da nasarar watanni daya ya riga ya yiwu a kara kayan lambu.
- Yawancin lokaci, sultan zai iya ciyar da abinci tare da shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen, tun da yawan ci gaban al'ada da kuma samun nasara mafi girma a shekarun haihuwa suna buƙatar mai yawa da sinadaran.
Kafin kajin ya kai kwanaki 10, dole ne a ciyar da kowane sa'o'i biyu, bayan haka za'a ba shi abinci kowane awa 2.5 don mako biyu, kuma bayan ya kai shekara daya - sau 5 a rana. Daga kwanakin farko bayan haihuwar, kaji ya kamata a koyaushe yana da ruwan sha tare da Bugu da ƙari na disinfectant potassium permanganate.
Koyi yadda ake ciyar da kajin daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa.
Manya
Duk da matsayi na babban motsi da kayan ado na irin, su Abinci bai bambanta da kaji ba. Bugu da ƙari, suna ci ne kawai a bit. Duk da haka, muna bayar da shawarar yin la'akari da yadda za su ciyar da su, domin ko da wani ƙananan abinci dole ne ya ƙunshi dukkanin bitamin da ma'adanai masu dacewa don kasancewa ta al'ada ta kowane abu mai rai. Ka'idojin ciyar da tsuntsaye masu girma shine:
- Abincin Sultanok, kamar kowane kaji, ya kamata a bambanta, amma akalla 55% na abincin dole dole ne a fada a kan busassun hatsi na nau'in daban-daban.
- Kuna buƙatar ciyar da tsuntsaye sau 3 a rana, kuma da sauri ku ciyar da kaza da safe, da sauri za su fara sa qwai.
- A lokacin da ake shirya naman gubar, ya kamata a tuna da cewa a lokacin rani sukan ɓacewa da sauri kuma sun daskare a cikin hunturu, don haka sultanas yana bukatar irin wannan abincin da za su ci a cikin rabin sa'a.
- Ganye, kayan lambu da kayan lambu na kayan lambu zasu taimaka wajen mayar da rashin bitamin a cikin kaji. Mun kuma bayar da shawarar don ƙara yawan su a abincin tsuntsaye a cikin hunturu.
- Don samun abubuwa a jikin jikin da aka ba, wajibi ne a ba su a wasu lokuta katako, murmushi ko kifi.
- Ruwan ruwa da takalmin dutse ya kamata a kasance a cikin gidan kaza.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da kake ciyar da sultan tare da masara, kada ka yi amfani da shi da yawanta, tun da yake a cikin manyan allurai yana haifar da kiba a cikin wannan nau'in.
Yanayin Ilimin
Kodayake cewa turken rana shine wurin haifuwar wadannan kaji, sultanks sun saba da yanayin sauyawa sau da yawa a cikin ƙarni da dama. Duk da haka, a yayin da suke ajiye su, ana karfafa masu manoma su bi wasu matakai masu sauki.
A cikin hawan kaza tare da tafiya
Na farko, bari mu dubi kananan shawarwari don kula da sultanka kaji. Babban yanayin da za a adana karan da aka haifa a farkon wata na wanzuwarsu shine bushewa, dumi da tsabta. Kwana goma na farko bayan haihuwar haihuwa, dole ne ka ci gaba da sultanok a zafin jiki daga +28 zuwa +30 ° C, bayan haka kowace rana za a saukar da zazzabi ta hanyar digiri guda har sai da zazzabi +21 ° C.
Ƙara koyo game da yin brooder ga kaji, kazalika da haɗin kaji don tsuntsaye masu girma: yadda za a ba da, samun iska, hasken wuta, nests, paddock.
Ga tsofaffi, ana bada shawara don samun gida mai kaza mai fāɗi da kuma ventilated, yayin da dole ne ya zama bushe, dumi, kuma kada a sami fassarar. A cikin hawan kaza don tsuntsaye, kana buƙatar gina ƙirar ɗan adam wanda za su iya zama a lokacin sauran. A lokaci guda a kan mita ɗaya na irin wannan roost ne kawai 3-4 ƙwararrun za a iya saukarwa.
Mutane da yawa manoma sunyi shawarar su cika bene a cikin karamar kaza tare da lalata, kuma a bisansa don yin litter da ganye da bushe, wanda dole ne a sabunta lokaci don kada kaji suyi gashin gashin su. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a samar da masu samar da abinci da masu shayarwa don tsuntsaye, wanda ya kamata a kafa shi tsaye.
Yana da muhimmanci! Saboda darajarsa mai laushi, wanda yana da ikon yin rigar da bushe don dogon lokaci, ba a bada shawarar barin kaza ba a bar shi a titin a cikin ruwan sama.
A lokacin hunturu, muna ba ku shawarar yin zafi cikin dakin inda sultanka yake. Har ila yau, kada ka ci gaba da kiyaye kaji a rana, saboda hadarinsa ya cutar da gashinsa.
Zai yiwu a haifi a cikin cages
Saboda yawan ƙwarewar da suke yi, ƙananan hens a cikin tambaya ba zasu iya zama a cikin cages ba. Amma idan har yanzu kuna riƙe da su, don Allah a lura cewa saboda sultanok kana buƙatar wurin da ake tsare da wuri, kazalika da tafiya akai.
Cututtuka na kowa
Kodayake irin wannan kaji yana da ƙarfi, amma, kamar kowane irin halitta, yana da wataƙida ga cututtuka wanda aka fi kariya a cikin lokaci fiye da lokacin ciyar da lokaci da kudi akan magani. Bari mu dubi mafi yawan mutane cututtuka sultanok:
- saboda furen furensa, wannan nau'in mai saukin kamuwa da cutar ta jiki ne, don hana abin da ya kamata a ci gaba da aiwatar da tsaftace tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa a wurarensu;
Karanta kuma game da bayyanar cututtuka da yakin da ake yi na kaji: ticks, peroed, lice, fleas.
- Wani cututtukan da ke halayyar wadannan kaji saboda nau'in lush shine cututtukan fata da dukan irin maganin ƙwayar gabbai. Saboda haka, an karfafa shawarar da kyau don kiyaye waɗannan tsuntsaye cikin busassun dumi;
- A karshe mafi m cuta halayyar wannan irin shi ne bitamin rashi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ko da kajin yana cin abinci kaɗan, amma cin abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi dukkan bitamin da ake bukata.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
To karin ya kamata hada da:
- kyau da sabon abu bayyanar, da kuma sada hali;
- sauki a cikin abun ciki da namo;
- dadi da wadata cikin nama da qwai;
- wani ilimin halitta wanda ya inganta, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a shuka kaji don sayarwa.
Main musa lokacin da wannan tsuntsu yake girma:
- kananan kwai;
- high mai saukin kamuwa zuwa kamuwa da cuta daga parasites saboda copious plumage.
Video: Hens irin sultanka
Bayani na manoma daji a kan sultan
Saboda haka, sultan shine kyakkyawan zaɓi ga manoma da suke so su zama masu kyau da kuma mafi mahimmanci - mai sauƙin sauƙaƙe.