A matsayinka na mulkin, irin nau'ikan pears, wadanda ake horar da su a yankuna tare da matsanancin yanayi, suna da kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa. A kan asalinsu, yawancin pears "Perun", da suka bunƙasa a Siberia, sun bambanta da kyau. Har ila yau, za mu fahimci bayanin da siffofin wannan nau'in.
Kiwo
Wanda ya kafa pear "Perun" shine Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Siyasa ta Siberia. Mista A. Lisavenko (Mista A. Lisavenko), wanda yake a Barnaul. Ƙungiyar ta ba da gudummawa ta kirkirar da dama, wato: Puchkin I. A., Kalinina I. P., Karotaeva E. P., Borisenko M. I. A karshen ƙarancin gwaje-gwaje iri-iri, an bayar da shawarar "Perun" don noma a Siberia Siyasa da Gabas Yankunan Siberiya. A cikin rijistar FGBU "Gossortkomissiya" wannan nau'in ya kunshe cikin 1998.
Shin kuna sani? Ba a kafa yankin mahaifar pear ba, amma a karo na farko da aka lalata shi, a fili a zamanin Girka na shekara 1000 BC.
Bayani da siffofi dabam dabam na iri-iri
"Perun" shi ne marigayi nau'in iri iri, wanda ya dace da sanyi a sanyi, don noma shi a cikin sauyin yanayi na Siberiya. Bugu da} ari, masu shayarwa sun ha] a hannu a cikin Perun irin wa] annan dukiyoyi kamar yadda aka yi da damun hunturu da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a lura cewa kodayake iri iri iri ne na "Perun" a Siberia, ana ganin yanayin da ake yi na hunturu ne kawai don jin dadin masu Siberian, kuma a cikin magunguna masu tsanani akwai itatuwa zasu iya daskare dan kadan.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri shine kimanin 60 na tsakiya a kowace hectare. A cikin Siberian, yawancin kimanin kilo 18 na 'ya'yan itace a kowace kakar za'a iya girbe daga itace guda. Tsarin bishiyar ya fara a shekara ta 5-6th.
Wood
Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri suna kama da sredneroslye, suna da nau'i mai laushi, mai tasowa, ba karamin kambi ba. Ana tura rassan zuwa sama. Harbe masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa ne, dan kadan. Ganyayyaki suna santsi, haɓaka, matsakaici da girman, ovate da duhu kore a launi.
Shin kuna sani? Itacen itacen pear yana da tsada sosai, kuma yana riƙe da siffar da kyau bayan ya bushewa saboda kasancewa da ake kira "dutse dutse". Amma a lokaci guda wannan itace yana juyawa, saboda haka ana amfani dashi a sana'a da ake amfani dashi.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
A matsakaita, nauyin 'ya'yan itace "Perun" ya kasance daga kimanin 140 zuwa 180 grams, amma ya girma da girma da samfurori. Launiyar su ne rawaya, tare da sanannen blush a kan rabin 'ya'yan itace. Su ne mai kyau m, tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Naman jiki ne mai laushi, mai tsabta, matsakaici mai yawa. Ganyayyaki 'ya'yan itatuwa ne mai dadi da m, tsinkayen su shine maki 4.2 akan tsarin biyar. Da iri-iri ne na duniya. 'Ya'yanta suna da kyau ga sababbin amfani da kuma nau'in sarrafawa (jam, ruwan' ya'yan itace, cider, da dai sauransu). Za a iya kiyaye sabo don tsawon lokaci. A cikin cellar, an adana su har zuwa watanni uku, sai dai idan ba shakka, an tsage su daga rassan, kuma ba su fada ƙasa ba.
Bincika irin nau'in kiwo na Siberia, yankin Moscow da tsakiyar ƙungiyar.
Yadda za a zabi seedlings
Lokacin zabar seedlings, dole ne ka fara jagoranci ta hanyar sauƙi mai mulki: saya seedlings kawai daga masu sintiri masu amincewa ko a cikin masu aikin jinya. A mafi kyau tsawon shekaru na seedling ne har zuwa 3 shekaru. Idan babu alara a kan tushe, to, sapling guda daya. Daga tsakiya na tushe ya kamata a ci gaba da buds, wanda a nan gaba zai ba da sabon rassan. Dole ne kada a bushe ko juya ba.
Shin kuna sani? Ko da kafin bayyanar taba a Turai, 'yan Turai suna kyafaffen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi mashahuri ga shan taba shine ganye.
Zabi wani wuri a kan shafin
Don dasa shuki seedlings "Perun" ya kamata a samo wuri mai duhu, kariya daga iskõki. Bugu da ƙari, kusa da ruwan ƙasa yana da ƙarancin maras kyau. Ƙasa mafi kyau: ƙasa mai laushi, yashi da ƙasa mai laushi. Bisa mahimmanci, ana iya girma wannan pear a kan yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi, amma a wannan yanayin akwai wajibi ne don samar da babban rami mai rami tare da ƙasa na low acidity a lokacin da dasa shuki seedling.
Shirye-shiryen aikin kafin saukowa
Don dasa shukar seedling, tono rami 1 m zurfi da kimanin 80 cm a diamita Wannan rami an shirya kimanin 10-15 days kafin dasa. Irin wannan lokaci ya zama dole don kasar gona ta zauna a lokacin dasa - wannan zai tabbatar da cewa an dasa seedling a matakin da ake so. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, yumbu, to, nan da nan bayan digging cikin rami ƙara bayani game da lemun tsami, wanda aka shirya a cikin nauyin kofuna 2 na lemun tsami da lita 10 na ruwa. Bayan maganin, an zuba buckets na ruwa a cikin rami. Ƙasar da aka fitar daga rami an kiyaye shi. An kaddamar da gungumen ƙasa a cikin kasan ramin, wanda aka ɗaure shi a baya. Idan dasa shuki wani seedling ya kamata a cikin bazara, to, yana da kyau a tono rami a cikin fall. Ƙarin hanyoyi don shirya filin saukowa suna kama da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama.
Karanta dokoki na kaka da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire.
Shirin mataki-mataki na dasa shuki seedlings
Za a iya shuka saplings a cikin fall, da kuma a cikin bazara. Kaddara bazara ya fi dacewa. Tare da wannan dasa, seedlings suna da tushe mafi kyau kuma mafi sauƙin jure yanayin hawan sanyi. Amma a lokaci guda ba za su iya motsawar hunturu hunturu ba, kuma yarinyar da suke da su da kuma tushensu suna janyo hankalin masu tsaiko a cikin hunturu.
A lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings bi da wadannan tsari:
- kasar gona da aka fitar daga baya daga rami mai saukowa an haxa shi da humus (dangane da ingancin ƙasa, daga 5 zuwa 30 kg), superphosphate (50 g) da gishiri (30 g);
- da sakamakon ruwan magani zuba tushen da seedling, yayin da tushen abin wuya ya tashi sama da ƙasa by 5-7 cm;
- an rufe ƙasa ta rufe;
- samar da sifa a cikin nau'i na low (2-4 cm) earthen shaft (diamita game da 40 cm) kewaye da seedling akwati;
- 20-30 l na ruwa da aka kare an zuba a cikin da'irar da aka kafa;
- bayan an shayar da danshi, da'irar ta cika da ciyawa daga peat, sawdust ko bushe humus;
- Akwatin ta daura da tarkon da aka yi da shi.
Yanayin kulawa na yanayi
Yanayi na musamman na Siberia ba su shafi abubuwan da suka shafi dasawa da kuma kulawa da pear Perun. Babu fiye da wasu nau'o'in, yana buƙatar pruning, hadi, m magani daga kwari.
Kula kula
Rashin gyaran ƙasa a cikin raƙuman kusa-kusa yana gudana a cikin bazara. A lokacin rani, pear yana buƙatar watering. A cikin yanayin busassun lokacin rani, har zuwa 3 buckets na ruwa an shafe kowane itace a lokaci guda, ana yin watering a maraice. Ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin ƙwayar sawdust ko peat. Har ila yau wajibi ne don cire weeds daga yankin kusa da itacen. Yayin da ake shirya furanni a lokacin hunturu, ana jujjuya tudu a ƙasa mai zurfi, amma m. Bayan haka, sai aka shayar da kogin da aka rufe da kuma rufe shi da peat ko sawdust a cikin wani Layer 20 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Top dressing
An sanya safiyar farko na itace a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin bugun yaro. Ana amfani da wani bayani mai nau'in azaman mai gyaran kafa (700 g na urea da lita 10). Dukkan itacen yana fesa tare da wannan bayani.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, itace bata buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa.
Bayan lokacin flowering, ana yin takin mai magani tare da bayani na nitroammofoski, wanda aka shirya a kashi na 1 na nitroammofoski da kashi 200 na ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin guga yana cin 3 buckets na irin wannan bayani. Ana amfani da maganin ta hanyar ban ruwa. A cikin Yuli, foliar ciyar da nitrogen-dauke da takin mai magani, wannan bayani na urea, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. A lokacin kaka, a lokacin da ke yin wasa a kusa da bishiyoyi a kusa da itatuwa, an kara itacen ash a ƙasa (150 g da 1 sq. M). Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin, gudanar da cikakken ciyar da bishiyar girma. Zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani mai tsabta, kuma zaka iya shirya kansa da kansa. Misalin irin wannan cakuda: 1 teaspoon na potassium chloride da 2 tablespoons na superphosphate granules da lita 10 na ruwa.
Yin rigakafi
Bambancin "Perun" ya bambanta ga cututtuka daban-daban, amma don ware yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru, ya zama dole don aiwatar da rigakafin bishiyoyi. Don wannan, a cikin fall da kuma bazara, Ina sarrafa ruwa Bordeaux. Bugu da ƙari, rawanin ruwa na pear tare da bayani na urea kuma yana taimaka wajen kawar da cututtukan cututtuka da fungi. Kuma, ba shakka, kyakkyawan rigakafi daga kwari yana fararen kullun pear tare da turmi.
Pruning
Za'a iya yin gyaran farko na farko kafin itace ya kai shekaru 2. Ana gudanar da shi a cikin bazara. A lokaci guda kuma, ba a yanke harbe da ke girma daga babban akwati. Rashin ɓangaren ƙananan bishiya ya rage ta hanyar kwatacce, an yanke rassan da ke kusa da su zuwa zobe, dole ne ya kasance ba a nan ba. A nan gaba, rabu da ƙananan harbe. Wuce-raye kwarangwal rassan suna taqaitaccen kowace shekara ta kashi huɗu na tsawon. Ya kamata a raba madaidaiciya a gefen hanya, an sanya maɓallin gefe tare da filin farar ƙasa. A cikin fall pruned substandard rassan: fashe, lalace, bushe. Tabbatar cire waxannan rassan rassan, wanda aka kone su. An yi ta raguwa da rassa na shekara guda ta kashi uku. Idan ana yin pruning na pruning, to sai ta fara da rassan rassan.
Zuwa ganyayyun pears sun hada da irin wannan: "Fairytale", "Rogneda", "Hera", "Ƙaunar" da kuma "Krasulya".
Kariya akan sanyi da rodents
Don kare kariya daga sanyi, bishiyoyi suna daura da tsinkayen Pine tare da tsalle. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗo, karin dusar ƙanƙara an jefa a cikin zagaye na kusa, wanda ake yin dusar ƙanƙara. Rodents kamar mice, voles, ratsan ruwa na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar bishiyoyi. Suna da hatsarin gaske ga kananan bishiyoyi. Baits masu guba ba su da tasiri a kan ƙwayar mice da ƙuƙwalwa, alal misali, kashi biyu na gilashin gilashin da kashi 1 na gari da kashi 1 na sukari. Game da ratsan ruwa, shinge mai shinge mai girman mita 10-15 yana samar da kariya mai kyau a kansu. Ana binne shi kimanin 50 cm, diamita na irin wannan shinge na kimanin 70 cm. Ana kuma amfani da tarkon tar a kan berayen.
Wani kwaro mai hatsari na pear shine ƙugiya. Wannan dabba yana iya cin abin da ya kai: haushi, harbe, kambi. Ma'aikata masu tayar da hankali ba tare da guba ba suna amfani da bishiyoyi masu laushi akan hares. Wannan zai iya zama cakuda daidai da sassa na yumbu da dung din doki tare da adadin creolin (100 g da 10 l na cakuda). A ƙarshe, ana iya lura cewa ƙwayar iri iri na "Perun" a yanayin Siberia bai gabatar da wasu matsaloli ba. Abin da yake da rauni shi ne rashin ƙarfi a cikin hunturu a yanayin yanayi na musamman, wanda, duk da haka, za'a iya leveled shi sauƙi. Amma, bayan an shawo kan matsaloli na girma, mai kula da gonaki yana samun girbi na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau a kaka.
