A cikin duniya akwai nau'i nau'i nau'in nau'in shuka, wanda ya bambanta a bayyanar, kuma ainihin siffar kowane tsire-tsire shi ne ɓangaren ɓoye. Ganye suna da nau'i daban-daban, siffofi da launuka, amma waɗannan siffofin suna samuwa ne saboda tsarin tsarin salula.
Saboda haka, a yau munyi la'akari da tsarin waje da na ciki na takardar, da mahimman siffofinsa da siffofinsa.
Mene ne ganye: tsarin waje
Gilashin kore a duk lokuta yana samuwa a gefen titin, a cikin kumburi na mai tushe. Yawancin tsire-tsire suna da lebur mai launi wanda ya bambanta wannan ɓangaren shuka daga wasu. Irin wannan takarda ba tare da dalili ba, saboda saboda siffar launi, yana tabbatar da iyakar lamba tare da iska da haske. Wannan shingen kwayar itace ta launi, leafy, mai karfi da tushe. A yanayi, akwai nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ba su da kayan haya da petioles. 
Shin kuna sani? Fuskar mafi kyawun duniya sune. Ana amfani da shuka a New Guinea da ƙananan kabilu don amfani da su don shaving, suna da'awar cewa ba su da muni fiye da na'urar shaving ta musamman.
Nau'ikan iri da siffofin
Ka yi la'akari da irin nau'ikan launin kore da nau'i da siffofi, yadda suka bambanta da juna.
Simple da hadaddun
Ganye mafi yawancin tsire-tsire suna da sauki saboda sun ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya kadai, amma akwai wasu nau'o'in da suka kunshi faranti da yawa, saboda haka an kira su da hadaddun.
Nau'in mai sauƙi yana da launi na launi, wanda zai iya zama mai ƙila ko rarraba. Don ƙayyade yanayin rarraba, ya zama dole a la'akari da yadda ake rarraba ɓangaren ɓoye na farantin, ya danganta da ainihin kwayar halitta da petiole. Zai yiwu a yi magana game da gashin tsuntsu, idan sassan da ke aiki fiye da tushe daga cikin farantin sunyi kama da mahimmanci. To, idan sun yi zanga-zanga, daga wani wuri, ana kiransu yatsun hannu.
Sunaye iri-iri sun kasance tare da masu sauƙi, amma kalmar "hadaddun" an kara musu. Wadannan su ne dabba-ƙwayoyin cuta, peristosis, sau uku da sauransu. 
Don yin sauƙin fahimtar ƙananan ganye da sauki, zaka iya la'akari da wasu misalai na shuke-shuke.
Misalai masu sauki suna Birch, Maple, itacen oak. Difficult - rowan, ash.
Bisa ga siffar farantin
Akwai faranti takardun da ke cikin wadannan siffofin:
- sarari;
- kewaye;
- Kashe;
- mara kyau;
- elliptical;
- Obovate;
- linadadde;
- oblong;
- karɓa;
- lanceolate;
A gefen gefuna
A gefuna na shuka zai iya zama:
- duka;
- sanarwa;
- kaya;
- prickly;
- sanarwa;
- biyu-toothed;
- sabunta;
- Kira;
A saman
Filayen sama zai iya zama:
- spiky;
- nuna;
- spinous;
- dull;
- sanarwa;
- rumpled;
- kewaye.
Ta hanyar tushe
Tushen shafukan kore zai iya kasancewa daga siffofin da suke biyowa:
- kewaye;
- zane-nau'i-nau'i;
- sphenoid;
- koda-dimbin yawa;
- Kashe;
- nau'in mashi;
- sanarwa;
- Truncated;
- kama ta
Shin kuna sani? Akwai itace, kowanne ganye wanda ke da nasabaccen tsari. Wannan shuka Malaysian shine damuwa.
Irin nau'i
Lokacin da nazarin bayyanar da aka yi la'akari da wani ɓangare na shuka ya faru, sai dai ganyayyaki, waxannan ƙananan bunches, suna bayyane. Mun gode wa veins, ana ciyar da farantin da ruwa da ma'adinai na ma'adinai, da kuma kawar da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a cikin shuka.
Babban nau'in venation shine: arcuate, a layi daya, reticular ko pinnate, palmate. 
Yayinda aka samo ganye, wanda zai iya kwatanta misalai irin wannan tsire-tsire: lilies na kwari, plantain, wanda yake da babban fansa, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na tsakiya guda ɗaya, inda duk sauran nau'o'in an shirya su a cikin hanya mai kyau. Dangane da zane, zamu iya la'akari da misalai na masara da ƙwayar alkama.
Kamar yadda misalai na raga venation ne zanen gado na Aspen, itacen oak, birch. Suna da babban nau'i, wanda yawancin ƙananan ke kewaye da su, suna samar da nau'i na grid.
A matsayin misali na cin zarafi kamar yatsa, mai laushi mai launi, cactic buttercup, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nau'i-nau'i mai girma, wanda ke rarrabe a cikin nau'i mai nau'i, yana da ƙananan rassan rassan.
Ta hanyar matsayi
An gabatar da launi na launi a cikin nau'i na wulakanci, madadin, rosette da kishi.
A matsayin misali na layout mai launi maras kyau, zaka iya la'akari da waje na cikin gandun daji, matsayi na gaba - launuka na vanilla, matsayi na lakabi - plantain ya bar, matsayi na baya - Rostok's eyebright.
Tsarin ciki na takardar
Idan mukayi magana game da tsari na ciki, za'a iya lura cewa zai zama tambaya game da tsarin salula. Domin yafi dacewa da siffar salon salula na takardar, ya kamata yayi la'akari da sashen giciye.
Muna ba da shawara ka fahimci da amfani da cutarwa masu ganyayyaki na ganye: blueberries, raspberries, burdock da beets.
Sashe na sama na farantin launi an rufe shi da fata, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nau'in sakon kwayoyin halitta. Kwayoyin cututtukan suna da hankali sosai tare da juna, wanda ke tabbatar da kare kariya daga cikin kwayoyin ciki daga mawuyacin inji da bushewa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa fatar jiki ne mai gaskiya, yana taimakawa wajen shigar da hasken rana a cikin ɓangaren takardar.
Ƙananan ɓangaren ganye an gabatar da shi a cikin nau'in stomata - kwayoyin koren tare da raguwa. Suna iya karkatarwa ko canzawa, bude ko rufe gaɓar. Saboda stomata, evaporation na danshi da canjin gas ya auku.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan akwai rashin danshi, stomata suna cikin matsayi na rufe.
Akalla 100 stomata ana samuwa a kan launi daya. Wasu tsire-tsire suna da stomata akan farfajiya, kamar misali, kabeji. Wasu tsire-tsire masu ruwa, irin su ladaran ruwa, basu da stomata a ciki na ganye dukansu, yayin da suke kan ruwa, da kuma evaporation ta ƙananan sassa na farantin ba zai yiwu ba.
Cikin cikin ganye yana cike da ɓangaren litattafan almara wanda ya kunshe da kwayoyin da ke dauke da ƙananan chloroplasts, saboda abin da suke da launi kore. A wannan ɓangare na aiwatar da photosynthesis, don haka samuwar kwayoyin halitta. 
Ana rarraba ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren katako ta hanyar tsinkayen kwayoyin halitta. Tsakanin farko shine ginshiƙan da suke kan fuskar wani farantin katako, ƙarƙashin fata, kuma an kira shi da launi. Da ke ƙasa shine samin nama mai laushi, wanda jikinsa ya bambanta ta hanyar haɓaka, yana da tsakanin sararin samaniya.
Babban ɓangaren kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta an kafa shi a cikin abun ciki na columnar - wannan shi ne saboda haske mafi kyau na farfajiyar launi, wadda ke taimakawa wajen aiwatar da tsarin photosynthesis. Cunkoso mai laushi yana samar da matakan musayar gas.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan tsire yana cike da wuri a wuri mai kyau, an kafa nau'i-nau'i na nama na columnar. Tsire-tsire da ke cikin inuwa, suna da takarda ɗaya kawai. A lokaci guda kuma, idan ɓangaren itace yana cikin inuwa, kuma na biyu yana cikin rana, to, ana iya kafa ganye a kan bishiyoyi guda daya ko kuma da yawa na launi na columnar.
Don koyi don rarrabe tsakanin nau'in ganye, wajibi ne don kulawa ba kawai ga siffar launi na launi ba, har ma da na ciki da waje, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin labarin.
