Kasashen da aka tanadar da kyau yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci don ci gaba da ci gaba da bunƙasa albarkatun kore da gonar gonar. Duk da haka, dole ne a tuna cewa tsire-tsire iri daban-daban na buƙatar nau'in nau'i na ƙasa, wanda ke haɗe da bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin yanayin ci gaban su da kuma siffofin tsarin. Wannan talifin zai taimake ka ka gano yadda za a yi kasa don daban-daban na seedlings tare da hannunka.
Janar bukatun
Kafin yin aikin gina ƙasa don seedlings tare da hannunka, kana buƙatar la'akari da cewa abun da ke ciki zai iya bambanta saboda bukatun da tsire-tsire da aka shirya don dasa shuki, kuma fahimtar alamun ma'auni na kowane ƙasa wanda ya dace da tsire-tsire. 
An ba da jerin gajeren su a kasa.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙasa yana matsayi na biyu a duniya bayan teku a cikin abun ciki na carbon, wanda shine mahimmanci saboda nau'o'in da ke tattare da nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta.
- Dole ne kasar gona ta kasance da matsayi mai yawa kuma a daidaita shi. Wannan yana nufin cewa, baya ga magunguna daban-daban, ya kamata ya ƙunshi kayan ma'adinai a cikin nau'o'in abubuwa da shuka zasu iya aiwatarwa da kyau.
- Ƙasa ya kamata ta kasance mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, sauyawa da kuma karfin zuciya don tabbatar da sassaucin iska zuwa tushen tsire-tsire.
- Abubuwan da ake bukata na kasar gona shine ikon haɗuwa da ruwa sosai kuma bazarda shi ba da sauri, wanda aka tsara don tabbatar da wankewar kayan shafa na dukkanin ƙasa kuma sauƙaƙe ruwan sha ta hanyar tushen tsire-tsire.
- Wajibi ne a kula da hankali game da matakin acidity, wadda aka fi kyau a tsare a matakin kusa da tsaka tsaki (kimanin 7.0).
- Bukatar da ake bukata don ci gaban al'ada da girma na seedlings shine kasancewar a cikin ƙasa na amfani da kwayoyin halitta masu amfani, kayan sharar gida waɗanda suke wajibi ne don tsire-tsire.
Abin da zai iya kuma ba zai iya ba?
Kafin yin aikin shirye-shirye na ƙasa don seedlings, yana da amfani a fahimtar kanka da kanka jerin jerin abubuwan da ba'a iya haɗawa a cikin abin da ke ciki ba.
Har ila yau wajibi ne a san abubuwan da suke da tasiri mai kyau a kan dukiyar gonarku kuma ku taimaka wajen kawo shi ga jihar da ake so kafin dasa.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙasa ita ce mafi yawan ruwa a duniya, ta hanyar da miliyoyin ton na ruwa ke wucewa a kowace shekara.
Abubuwan da aka nuna
Don aikin ƙasa ta amfani da nau'o'in nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta da nau'in halitta, wanda aka hade ta cikin nau'ikan nau'i don samun kaddarorin da suka fi kyau ga seedlings.
Koyi game da girma seedlings a cikin takardun bayan gida, a cikin cassettes, peat allunan, a cikin takardun.Daga cikin kayan aikin da aka tsara don amfani, yana da kyau a nuna cewa:
- humus;
- eggshells (raw, dried da crushed);
- toka na bishiyoyi (Birch yana da mafi kyaun kaddarorin);
- iri daban-daban;
- peat;
- ƙasa mai busasshiyar ƙasa (ya rabu da kowane nau'in bishiyoyi, ban da willow da itacen oak, domin suna dauke da tannins da yawa);
- sod sod.
Inorganic da aka yi amfani da su don samun samfurori masu kyau:
- a wanke wanke yashi daga kasan kogi. Yana da kyawawa don zama inuwa mai haske, saboda sunyi imani da cewa duhu inuwa shine, yawancin abun da ke dauke da abubuwa sunadarai, ciki har da manganese da baƙin ƙarfe, abin da ya wuce kima yana da mummunar tasiri akan tsire-tsire;
- hydrated lemun tsami (amfani da su rage girman acidity);
- da polyfoam tsage cikin kananan guda;
- Hydrogel abu ne na musamman, wanda ya dace da ƙwarewar da za ta iya ɗaukar danshi, yana ba da dama don rage karuwar yawancin ban ruwa;
- Perlite abu ne wanda ba zai cutar da yanayi ba kuma yana iya shayar da ruwa mai yawa (kusan 400% na nauyin kansa) kuma ya ba da shi ga shuka. Ana iya amfani dasu don inganta yanayin da ke cikin ƙasa da iska;
- Vermiculite - yana da kaddarorin irin su perlite, amma, baya, ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, wanda ya shafi rinjayar seedlings. Abubuwa biyu na ƙarshe a cikin asalin su ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace na hanyoyin hydroponic na girma shuke-shuke;
- fadada yumbu.
Ba da shawarar da aka gyara ba
Jerin abubuwan da suke da cikakkiyar wuri a cikin ƙasa yana da faɗi ƙwarai. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan labarin za mu ƙayyade kanmu kawai ga waɗanda aka gyara wadanda aka saba kuskuren la'akari da su, amma a gaskiya basu kasance ba.
- Kada ku ƙara yumbu, saboda zai kara yawan dankowan ƙasa, wanda zai kara da ingancinta kuma ya kara da ci gaban seedlings.
- Kada ka ƙara raguwa da ɓangarorin da ke cikin ƙasa. Kwayoyin halitta ba dole ba ne don ingantacciyar ci gaba da tsire-tsire, duk da haka, tsarin tafiyar lalacewa zai taimaka wajen kawar da kayan nitrogen mai gina jiki daga ƙasa kuma ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa - duka na farko da na biyu shine sosai wanda ba a so ga matasa.
- Ba za ku iya zama dalilin daskarar ƙasa ba a kusa da hanyoyi, tashoshin bas, filin jiragen sama da kuma gadaje masu fure a cikin birane, saboda ƙasa da aka cire daga wurin yana da yawan abubuwa masu guba wanda zai cutar da tsire-tsire.
- Matattun sassa na shuke-shuke da aka shuka sun kamata ba a kara su a ƙasa ba, tun da yake wasu nau'o'in pathogens, qwai da kwari da cigal spores zai iya ci gaba da su.
Saya ko dafa?
Duk wanda ya shuka shuke-shuke yayi mamaki ko wane irin kasar gona ya fi dacewa da zabi don seedlings - shirye ko dafa hannunka? Alal, babu amsa mai mahimmanci ga wannan tambaya. Kowane lambu dole ne ya yanke shawarar bisa ga kwarewarsu.
Wani lokaci yana faruwa cewa samfurori bai samu ko da yaushe da bukatun seedlings. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya inganta shi da kanka. Alal misali, zaka iya ƙara yawan amfanin gona da aka saya ta žara ta kayan kara don inganta ci gaban seedlings tumatir da barkono.
Zai kasance da amfani a gare ka ka koyi game da namo na seedlings na barkono, tumatir, parsnips, beets, eggplants, kabeji savoy.Tsarin matakan da za a inganta dukiyar da aka saya dole ne ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwa:
- ya zama dole don duba pH na matsakaici, kuma a yanayin saukan samun sakamakon da ya bambanta da iyakokin da aka halatta, haɓaka ko gyaran ƙasa;
- Cutar da ƙasa ta amfani da duk wani hanyoyin da aka bayyana a kasa;
- idan akwai babban adadin peat a cikin sayan cakuda, dole ne a juye ta ta ƙara 30-40% na gona na gona;
- Don ƙara yawan damar ƙasa, ƙara hydrogel, vermiculite ko perlite zuwa ƙasa.
Shirya shiri
Babu shakka duk wata ƙasa, ko da wane abin da aka tsara shi ne - ko tumatir, barkono, cucumbers ko kabeji - na buƙatar aiwatar da wasu takamaiman ayyukan da zasu taimakawa wajen inganta cigaba da kuma cigaba da bunkasa seedlings.
Ya kamata ku fara da siffar ƙasa da yashi ta hanyar sieve, wanda zai kawar da manyan duwatsu, kwari da tsutsotsi, bayan haka zaku iya ci gaba da maye gurbin.
Disinfection
Masana sun bayar da shawara don aiwatar da wannan hanya domin rabu da mu da wasu kwayoyin halitta masu rarrafe, wadanda suke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin kwari. Sau da yawa amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin da aka lissafa a kasa.
- Tsayar. Bayar da shawarar riƙe wata guda kafin lokacin da aka yi amfani dasu. Saboda wannan, an gina wanka mai ruwa kuma an yi tururuwa da ƙasa don da yawa. Ya kamata a kulle murfin ruwan wanka.
- Daskarewa Ƙasa da aka girbe a kaka an bar shi waje, rufe shi, ta haka yana rage iyakar haɗuwa. Wata daya kafin amfani, an kawo ƙasa a cikin dakin, warmed up, wasu aka gyara an kara da kuma sake saka a titi.
- Calcination. Wannan hanya ya haɗa da amfani da tanda ko kuka. Ana sanya ƙasa a kan taya, ta rarraba shi a cikin kwanciyar hankali na 5-6 cm sannan a bar a cikin tanda, mai tsanani zuwa 40-60 digiri, na sa'a daya.
- Ƙira Shirya bayani na potassium permanganate, a cikin 0.3 g na 1 l na ruwa. Yi aiki tare da ƙasa tare da maganin kuma ya bar ya bushe.
Adidity daidaitawa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, acidity na kasar gona ya kamata ta kasance tsaka tsaki, wato, a cikin kewayon 6.5-7.0. Idan, bayan duba gaskiyar, zaka sami sakamako wanda ya dace a cikin wannan tsarin, buƙata don ƙarin manzo ya ɓace.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan da aka lalata, yana da muhimmanci kada a bar magungunan cututtuka su shiga ƙasa, sabili da haka ana bada shawara don adana shi a cikin kunshin da aka ɗaure kuma don kare ƙasa daga hanyar kai tsaye tare da ƙasa mara kyau.Idan ka sami sakamako wanda ya kula da gefen acidic (<6.5), kasar gona na buƙatar buƙata, wanda aka yi ta ƙara dolomite gari, ciminti, ƙwalƙarar ƙira ko ƙurar itace zuwa ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku kasance masu tayarwa a yayin da kuka kara dabbar itace a cikin ƙasa, tun da yawanta zai iya haifar da karuwa a cikin alkalinity na kasar gona.Idan sakamakon ya ci gaba da zama alkaline (> 7), to lallai ya zama wajibi ne don ƙara kowane tsoka, citric acid, sawdust, spruce ganye ko shinge birching sap zuwa ga ƙasa da ke ƙasa.
Shirye-shiryen ruwan magani ga albarkatu daban-daban
Tsire-tsire iri daban-daban, duk da kasancewa da kayan da aka saba da su a cikin kasa da aka samar musu, sukan buƙaci wasu abubuwa na musamman don bunkasa su.
Alal misali, kasar gona don tumatir tumatir da barkono ya kamata a samu albarkatun alkaline kadan, don haka an bada shawara don ƙara ƙananan ƙwayar itace a ciki. A ƙasa za ku iya samun girke-girke na yin pochvosmesy dace da al'adun musamman.
Don tumatir
- Lafiya - 1 sashi.
- Sod ko ganye ƙasa - 1 part.
- Magani kayan - 1 sashi.
- Wood ash - 300-400 g na kowane kilogiram 10.
Don kabeji
- Sod ƙasar - 3 sassa.
- Leafy ƙasa - 3 sassa.
- Lafiya - 3 sassa.
- Magani kayan - 1 sashi.
Don barkono
- Lafiya - 1 sashi.
- Sod ƙasar - 2 sassa.
- Magani kayan - 1 sashi.
- Ash itace - 300-400 g da guga.
Don eggplant
- Ƙasa mai ban sha'awa - kashi 1.
- Lafiya - 1 sashi.
- Magani kayan - 1 sashi.
Don cucumbers
- Lafiya - 1 sashi.
- Sod ƙasar - 1 part.
- Wood ash - 150-200 g ta buro mix.
Don salatin
- Leafy ƙasa - 3 sassa.
- Peat - 2 sassa.
- Magani kayan - 2 sassa.
Don seleri
- Lafiya - 1 sashi.
- Sod ƙasar - 2 sassa.
- Magani kayan - 1 sashi.
- Wood ash - 300-400 g da guga na cakuda ƙasa.
Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin ya taimaka maka wajen warware matsalolin game da shirye shiryen ƙasa don tsire-tsire. Ka tuna da bukatar buƙatar ƙasa da la'akari da buƙatar tsire-tsire a wani nau'i na acidity - kuma sakamakon bazaiyi tsawo ba!
