Bougainvillea mallakar asalin bishiyoyi ne masu zurfin tsire-tsire na gidan Noctifolia (Niktaginovyh). Kasashensu asalinsu Brazil ne. Itace, mai suna bayan baƙon Faransa L.A. de Bougainville, wanda ya jagoranci balaguron farko na Faransanci, itace, bishiya ce, ko kuma girgizar ƙasa, wanda aka san shi da rassan filastik mai zurfi.
Bougainvillea ya sami karbuwa ga masu noman tsire-tsire tare da fure mai tsayi na dindindin, suna ci gaba a cikin tsaunukan shekara-shekara. A cikin yankinmu, yana da ikon yin ado kowane ɗaki, duk da cewa girbin aikin an dauke shi da wuya.
Babban bayani
Halittu na bougainvilleas yana wakiltar bishiyoyi masu bushewa ko kananan bishiyoyi masu tsayi mita biyar a cikin yanayi. A gida, bushes kuma na iya girma har zuwa mita 3, ci gaban su yana iyakance ta hanyar girki.
Tsire-tsire suna iya saurin haihuwa da kuma saurin girma. Shootswararren liana mai kama da kayan wuta suna sanye take da ratsin wuta wanda zai ba ka damar kama kowane goyan baya ka yi amfani da su don ɗagawa. Masu shayarwa sunyi ƙoƙarin kawar da tsire-tsire na ƙaya, amma har zuwa yanzu basu sami nasara ba.
Liaramin ɗan ganye tare da santsi mai santsi ko gefen gefuna, dangane da nau'in shuka, kuma nasihun da aka nuna na iya zama ya bambanta: kore a saman da lemun tsami a ƙasa, akwai samfurori masu launuka masu hade. Babban amfanin hoton bishiyar ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wasu kananan furannin hasken haskensu, sannu a hankali faduwa da faduwa, amma kewaye da kyawawan launuka suttura, a yanayin da yake da farin lilac.
Masu shayarwa sunyi nasarar samo furanni daban-daban. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- lilac;
- purplish-rasberi;
- m da kirim;
- lemu mai zaki
- ruwan hoda;
- dusar ƙanƙara-fari.
Bougainvilleas na iya haɗa inuwa launuka biyu. Hanyar inflorescences, wanda ya daɗe, yana mamaki da ƙyar. Su ne:
- triangular;
- mai siffa zuciya
- zagaye
- oblong.
Tsawonsu ya kasance daga 3 zuwa 5 cm. Zuwa taɓawa, katakon suna kama da takarda da aka rufe da bakin ciki. A yankuna masu zafi, bougainvillea na fure a shekara.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 14 na tsire-tsire da ake samu a yanayi, yawancin nau'ikan galibi ana horar da su. Kamar yadda wani fure-fure, sukan haifar da tsirara da bougainvillea mai ban mamaki. Mafi mashahuri sune nau'i nau'i na matasan, wanda ya ƙunshi taro mai yawa na brary na launi na Lilac, yana rufe gaba ɗaya.
Kyawawan bougainvillea
Itaciya ce mai hurawa tare da harbe-harben kwari, sanye take da kayan ganye tare da gajerun petioles da tukwici mai kaifi. Single ko tattara a oblong goge (daga 3 zuwa 5 guda) furanni suna daure da purple apical ganye. A gida, itacen inabi yakan yi girma kamar shuka mai walƙwal.
Bougainvillea santsi (tsirara)
Bougainvillea glabra yana da koda, creeping, stalched stalk. Kamar fure, ana horar da shi azaman daji madaidaici, mai yalwar ci gaba da fure, wanda, ta hanyar pruning, za'a iya ba shi kowane fasalin da ake so. Ta hanyar tushenta ne aka kirkiro mafi yawancin dangin. Shuka yana da cikakkiyar duhu kore ganye tare da nuna iyakar. An kwatanta shi da kyawawan inflorescences na kowane nau'in hasken tabarau:
- dusar ƙanƙara-fari;
- ruwan hoda;
- lemun tsami;
- peach;
- kifi.
Wannan nau'in fure ana yawan amfani dashi don haifar da nau'ikan dwarf; ana samun nasarar girma waɗanda ke bisa tushen su.
Bougainvillea peruvian
Bougainvillea peruviana, wanda A. von Humboldt ya gano, an nuna shi da haushi mai launin kore tare da gajerun allura. Wannan iri-iri ba a sanya shi ba, amma yana iya yin fure sau da yawa, musamman tare da kulawa da hankali, wanda ya ƙunshi yankan lokaci.
Abubuwan ban mamaki na bougainvillea
Ya yi girma a cikin dutse mai dutse a Brazil, ya yi suna a ƙarni na 19. A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, wuraren shakatawa da gidajen kora waɗanda aka yiwa liana ado, sun kai mita 15 a tsayi. An bambanta wannan nau'in ta hanyar katakon katako mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, furen fulawa na ƙyalli a ƙyalli na ƙirar zuciya, a hankali yana faduwa. Daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, furanninta sun fara tashi cikin farin ciki, aka haɗa su da goge har zuwa 5 cm a girma .. Kimanin kowannensu akwai haske mai ruwan hoda mai haske 3, lilac ko launin ja, wanda ya zama mai haske tare da shekaru.
Abubuwa iri-iri
Masu shayarwa suna aiki ne bisa tsari tare da kirkirar sabbin nau'ikan matasan da ke wakiltar kowane nau'i na ƙaramin nau'i da launuka masu launuka. Yankin da ya fi dacewa, ya kirkiro ta hanyar ƙetare nau'ikan biyu: kyawawan bougainvillea da Peruvian. Ya na da manyan longan itacen da ke kusa da shi da kuma tsintsaye a jikin harbe. Brasins a cikin furanni mai kirim ana nuna shi da launi mai kyau na jan karfe, wanda ke canzawa zuwa ruwan hoda mai zurfi ko shunayya tare da shekaru.
Har ila yau, wani nau'in tsiraici da nau'ikan Peruvian shima ya zama ruwan dare - Bougainvillea Butt, wanda aka bambanta shi da gilashin kore mai zurfi da ƙananan daskararren dusar kankara na filayen, ya mamaye wasu kyawawan launuka uku na bakin girar-haske.
Sauran nau'ikan
Irin nau'ikan Terry sun hada da bougainvillea Lilarouz, wanda ya shahara da unpretentiousness, high decorativeness da fure mai haske mai haske.
Varietyaukaka mai ban sha'awa shine Don Mario, tare da ruwan ɗamarar ganye mai launin ja-burgundy, gamsar da mai shi tare da hotunan hotunan daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen faɗuwar.
Abubuwan buƙatun asali don haɓaka
Duk da irin kyawawan yanayin shuka, ana samun saurin girma a gida saboda damuwa game da wahalar shayar da ita. A zahiri, wannan tsari ba shi da ma'ana kuma abu ne mai yiwuwa wanda zai iya zama mai dogaro da dokokin namo.
Ana daukar Liana a matsayin tsiro mai daukar hoto, yana jure hasken rana kai tsaye kuma kusan baya buƙatar shawa, sai dai a lokuta da dama. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ta shine sanya wuri a kan windowsill ko kudu maso yamma, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta. Tare da raunin haske a gefen arewa kuma a cikin duhu duhu, bougainvillea na iya mutuwa.
Furen ba ya yarda da zayyanawa, iska ta yau da kullun na iya cutar da shi. Yana mayar da martani da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyi, wuri ya kamata ya zaɓi madaidaiciya ɗaya.
A cikin hunturu, kamar sauran furanni masu fure, ragowar bougainvillea. A wannan lokacin, yakamata a yi ban ruwa sau ɗaya a wata, a guji cikakken bushewa daga tushen, kuma a adana shi a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin duhu mai sanyi a zazzabi na + 8 ° C ... + 15 ° C, duk da haka, dole ne a sarrafa shi don kada tushen tushen ya sami hauhawar jini.
Bugu da kari, don cin nasarar cinikin bougainvillea da fure mai cike da dogon lokaci, ana bada shawara:
- samar da yanayin hasken da ya dace;
- zabi tukunyar da ta dace;
- shirya yanayin da ake buƙata don hutu;
- don aiwatar da babban abin rigakafi;
- dasa shuki a kan lokaci;
- sarrafa yiwuwar faruwar kwari da aiwatar da matakan kariya.
Kula da bougainvillea a gida
A lokacin rani, yana da kyau a cire furenn furanni tare da fure a cikin baranda, yana kare shi daga magudanan. Mafi kyawun zazzabi daga + 22 ° C + 30 ° C. Koyaya, raguwa mai ƙarfi a cikin tsarin zafin jiki a matakin hutawa (har zuwa + 7 ° C) na iya haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙarin mutuwa.
A shuka amsa da kyau ga ruwa tare da taushi, ruwa a zauna: shi ne mai danshi-m fure da bukatar na yau da kullum, yalwatacce danshi da spraying na ganye a garesu, kuma wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali-wuri domin saukad da kada su fada a kan petals. Hakanan ba'a yarda da danshi ba don fure: yana haifar da jujjuya tushen tsarin. Abin da ya sa bayan an shayar da ruwa wajibi ne don cire ruwa mai yawa daga sump.
Don fure mai ban sha'awa, bougainvillea ya kamata a ciyar da shi tare da takaddun takaddun ƙwaƙwalwa aƙalla sau biyu a mako. Additionari ga haka, shuka mai saurin tasowa yana buƙatar dasawa a kai a kai. Girman buds a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada yana faruwa ne saboda girman tukunya: nessarfi don tushen yana tsoratar da raguwar haɓakar daji da raguwa a cikin girman fure.
Ana ganin lokacin mafi kyau lokacin dasawa shine farkon bazara, lokacin farkar da shuka daga hutun hunturu. Muhimmiyar buƙata don dasa shine kiyaye tushen, wanda ke buƙatar babban kulawa lokacin gudanarwa.
Bayan an gama fure, don haɓaka ci gaba da samar da buds, dajin yana buƙatar pruning, yayin da ƙananan harbe ke yanke. A cikin kaka, ana yin rassa mai ƙarfi a cikin kaka, kuma a lokacin bazara yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da kambi mai sauƙi.
Kiwo
Bougainvillea yana buge da tsiro a bazara da bazara. Yanke apical lignified harbe ana sanya shi da yawa a cikin ruwa dumi, to, bi da tare da tushen ci gaban stimulator kuma kafe a cikin wani substrate (ba m fiye da + 25 ° C), kunsha na turf, ƙasa, yashi da peat.
Ana samun sabbin nau'ikan bougainvillea na asali ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Don yin wannan, ana sanya abin da ke farfaɗa a kan ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, wanda aka shigar da sigar, an saita shi da manne na likitanci da zaren.
Mr. Dachnik yayi kashedin: yiwu matsaloli yayin girma bougainvillea
Rashin kuskure na daji sau da yawa yakan haifar da rikice-rikice lokacin girma, alal misali, cututtukan da dama, farmaki ta hanyar kwari.
- Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta suka kamu, fararen tabo suna bayyana akan ganye. Dalilin shine yawan zafin jiki da isasshen iska. Kuna iya ajiye fure ta hanyar tura shi zuwa ɗakunan da ke da iska mai kyau.
- Aphid din da yake bayyane daga bangon ganye ya lalace tare da yanke hukunci, coagulation da ganyayyaki. Jiyya ta ƙunshi amfani da maganin sabulu da maganin kashe kwari.
- Mealybugs suna lalata furanni da fure, yana hana ci gaban daji. Ana bada shawarar sarrafa ruwa tare da soapy na ruwa ko barasa, to, ya kamata a rage sassan sassan shuka da kwaro.
- Don sake farfado da vines lokacin da aka lalata tsarin tushen, an cire shi daga tukunya kuma ana lalata tushen, yayin yankan yankuna da suka ji rauni kuma yayyafa su da itacen ash. Ba zato ba tsammani, dole ne a yanke rassan rassan saboda daga baya sababbin harbe zasu iya girma a daji. Cire mai tushe za'a iya amfani dashi don fitar da sababbin furanni.
Sakamakon kayan kwalliyar ta, bougainvillea ta sami karbuwa ga yawancin masu noman furanni, waɗanda wasu matsaloli ba su dakatar da ita ba. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu ɗumbin tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa zuwa Brazil suna yin ado da lambuna masu tsayi tare da fure mai tsayi kuma ya sami nasarar adana windows windows na gidaje. Idan ana so, zaku iya ba shi kowane nau'i.
