Gooseberries ana kiranta inabi a arewacin saboda yawan kwalliyarta da ta karshen. A kan wannan fasalin su na kowa ya ƙare, tunda a zahiri guzberi nasa ne ga dangin Kryzhovnikov, currant shine mafi kusancin dangi.
Dukkanin game da gooseberries: bayanin aji
A zamanin da, mutane ba su san menene gooseberries ba. Bayanin farko da aka bayar daga likitan Faransa J. Raoul kusan shekaru 500 da suka gabata. Daga aikin sa ya biyo baya cewa a zamanin sa, ana amfani da goseberries marasa kyau don yin biredi da miya, kuma an yi amfani da cikakke ɗanye. Daga bayanan likitanci, zaku iya gano cewa gooseberries ba kawai Berry ne ake ci ba, har ma da ɗanɗanar shuka iri ɗaya don yin ado a gidajen lambuna.
Guzberi
Bayan haka, an kawo gooseberries zuwa Ingila, inda, saboda yanayi mai laima, girman 'ya'yan itacensa ya karu kusan sau hudu a cikin shekaru 100 na gaba. Itacen ya zama sananne a tsibirin wanda har zuwa farkon karni na 17. kusan dukkanin berries da aka horar da su 'yan qasar Ingila ne.
Hakanan an san 'Gooseberries a Rasha na dogon lokaci. Farkon ambatonsa ya bayyana a ƙarni na 11. Amma mafi girma mafi girman shahararren ya zo ne a karni na 19, lokacin da aka shigo da manyan nau'ikan itace daga Ingila zuwa Rasha, wadanda daga baya aka maye gurbinsu da na gida.
Don bayani! A halin yanzu, sananniyar guzberi kuma ana kiranta Turai guzberi, ko ƙi. Amma kafin ya sami wasu sunaye. A cikin Altai Territory shekaru 200 da suka gabata an san shi da bersen, a bankunan Yenisei - birch-birch. A baya can, a cikin ƙasar Rasha ana kiranta da kryzh, kuma a Azerbaijan an san shi da ƙwallan ceri na Rasha.
Halayyar Botanical
Tambaya ta farko game da rarrabuwa na Botanical: shin guzberi ɗan itace ne ko 'ya'yan itace? A baya can, an dauki tsire a matsayin 'ya'yan itace, amma bayan da aka yi nazari a hankali game da' ya'yan itatuwa, an fara danganta shi da dangin berries. Yaduwar wannan amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa ta hanyar yaduwar tsaba waɗanda suka faɗi ƙasa tare da' ya'yan itacen da aka bushe. Kuma wannan hanyar hanta ce ga berries.
Yadda gooseberries suke, koda yara sun sani, amma yana da daraja la'akari da halayensa dalla-dalla sosai. Wannan ciyawa mai tsayi da tsayi zuwa 1.5 m, amma akwai kuma samfurori masu ƙarancin girma waɗanda ke girma zuwa matsakaicin rabin m. A diamita, daji koyaushe daidai yake da tsayinta. Tushen tsarin yana haɓaka rayuwa baki ɗaya kuma ana kafa tushen tushe a kai. Bayan shekaru 2-3, sun juya zuwa rassa na ainihi wanda berries ke fara girma.
Kula! A wani daji, kusan harbe 60 za a iya kasancewa a lokaci guda.
Ingancin kayan aikin mai tushe ya dogara da matsayin su. Tsakiya, saboda gaskiyar cewa suna girma kai tsaye kuma suna karɓar ɗan haske, suna ba da 'ya'ya mafi muni fiye da rassan gefen da suke girma daga cibiyar. Rassan shuka suna iya zama tare da jijiyoyi, tare da ƙaramin adadin su ko ba tare da ƙaya ba kwata-kwata. Spines na iya zama tsayi da sifofi daban-daban.
Ganyayyaki na iya bambanta ko da a kan wannan daji. Suna zuwa cikin girma da yawa: daga ƙarami zuwa babba. A kansu akwai tukwici na 3 zuwa 5 na mummunan ko sifa mai zagaye da haske ko launin shuɗi-kore. Ganyen bishiyar guzberi na nau'in tsiro (sepals biyar, ganyaye, almara kowannensu).
Furen yana fitowa daga axils na ganye a cikin rukuni na 3-4. A bayyanar, ya yi kama da kararrawa da farkoki biyar. Berri ya kasu kashi biyu cikin manya, babba da babba. Fruitsa fruitsan itace mafi girma suna nauyin 4 g.
Bush
Yankunan rarraba
Gooseberries asali ya fito a Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Afirka, amma yanzu nau'ikan daji sun bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyoyi. Suna girma galibi a cikin tsaunin, kusa da koguna da bishiyoyi. Ba kamar tsire-tsire na gida ba, suna da juriya mai sanyi da juriya na cutar, musamman waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna na arewacin. Amma a lokaci guda suna da rauni jure mildew powdery. Berriesa berriesan itace a cikin wannan nau'ikan na iya zama mai santsi ko ƙwaya, na fasali da launuka daban-daban.
Don bayani! A Rasha, gooseberries na daji sun zama ruwan dare a cikin Caucasus, Altai, Siberia da kuma ɓangaren Turai na ƙasar. An rarraba shi a al'ada zuwa nau'i uku: Turai, allura, Far Eastern.
Mene ne amfani gooseberries
Berries guzberi suna da amfani kaddarorin. Sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 12% na fructose da glucose, wanda jiki ke ɗauke da shi sosai. Aciki guzberi da aka sani duk yana faruwa ne saboda abun ciki na malic, oxalic har ma citric acid a cikin abun da ke ciki, wanda ke da tasirin gaske akan narkewar abinci. Babban abun da ke ciki na pectins yana sa 'ya'yan itaciyar su zama ingantacciyar hanyar halitta don cire radiation. Ta hanyar abun ciki na ma'adanai masu amfani, ba za a iya kwatanta sauran Berry da gooseberries.
Amfanin gooseberries suna da yawa sosai. Godiya gareshi, tafiyar jini da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki yana inganta, tsarin jijiyoyi da hanyoyin tafiyar da jijiyoyin jiki suna karfafawa.
Juice
Tun da duk abin da game da gooseberries da kayansa masu amfani an san shi na dogon lokaci, ana amfani dashi sosai ga magungunan mutane. Decoaukar ganye daga ganyayyaki da ofa ofan itaciya yana taimakawa tare da cututtuka na kodan, anemia, hypovitaminosis. Berries suna da amfani ga yara, saboda suna da kyawawan kayan tonic da anti-allergenic.
Kula! A cikin Caucasus, an yi imanin cewa gooseberries suna taimakawa wajen maganin tarin fuka da ciwon huhu.
A cikin ilimin zamani, Berry kuma ya sami aikace-aikacen sa. Ana amfani dashi wajen samarwa da abinci iri daban-daban. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi don magance kiba da cuta na rayuwa. Amma, duk da duk kaddarorin masu amfani, gooseberries bai kamata a cinye shi da masu ciwon sukari ba.
Siffofin Kulawa
Domin guzberi ya yi girma daidai, da kuma bayar da yalwar girbi, yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace duka a cikin hunturu da bazara. Bayan duk shawarwarin, zaku iya samun tsire-tsire masu ba da amfani ba kawai, har ma da kyakkyawan daji wanda zai yi ado da gidan bazara.
Watse
Idan ba a shayar da guzberi isasshen, sau da yawa zai ji rauni, berries zai yi girma, kuma ingancin amfanin gona zai ragu. A yayin ƙirƙirar sabbin harbe, ana shayar da daji kawai a cikin yanayin bushe. Moisturizing ya ci gaba a lokacin samuwar berries, amma da zaran 'ya'yan itaciyar suka bazu, sai a daina shayarwar ruwa.
Watse
A cikin kaka, a lokacin damina, ba a shayar da shuka ba. Ya kamata a jika da yawa a cikin watan Oktoba domin tsarin tushe na iya shirya hunturu.
Taki da mulching
Yakamata a sanya farkon riguna a cikin bazara. A kusa da daji a kan hako ƙasa ƙasa ko humus an dage farawa. Lokacin da fure suka buɗe, 50 g na urea an ƙara a ƙarƙashin daji. Lokacin da shuka tayi shekaru 4, ana hadi dashi da abubuwan karafa a kowace bazara. Bayan farkon berries ya bayyana, an gabatar da taki sau 2-3. A cikin kaka, ana zuba daji tare da maganin nitrate na potassium, kuma mafi kusanci ga hunturu kafin a yi digging a cikin ƙasa, an ƙara ash ko peat.
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ƙasa ta cika cikawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin bazara an kwance shi a kusa da daji, amma ba zurfi ba 5 cm, don kada ya lalata tsarin tushen. A lokacin bazara, ana yin kwance loosening kamar sau 4, lokaci na ƙarshe a farkon watan Agusta.
Kula! Don yayi girma da kariya a kan ciyawa a kusa da daji, an girka mulching bugu da inari a lokacin rani, kuma a cikin bazara bayan an tono ƙasa.
Bush Yana Taimakawa
Ko da yake guzberi ne mai un unntententious shuka, yana faruwa cewa yana buƙatar ƙarin tallafi. A tsakanin lambu, an san shi da trellis; ana girma cucumbers da inabi a kan irin waɗannan tsarukan. Tallafi na iya zama dole idan wurin da guzberi yake tsiro ba shi da isasshen lit. Sakamakon amfani, zai taimaka matuka wajen samun amfanin gona mai kyau da yalwa.
Jiyya na hanawa
Saboda haka a lokacin rani da shuka zai iya faranta wa mai shi da yawan furanni, a cikin bazara ya kamata a sarrafa shi don dalilai na hanawa. Amma, don sanin yadda ake aiwatar da daji, da farko kuna buƙatar gano ainihin abin da lahani zai iya haifar da shi. Babban cututtuka da kwari da ke iya haifar da gooseberries sune mildew powdery, anthracnose, septoria, ticks da kwari daban-daban. A kowane hali, lura da shuka a bazara tare da jan karfe na tagulla zai yi masa kyau.
Pingi da shirya don hunturu
Pruning muhimmin mataki ne na ci gaban gooseberries. An kasu kashi da yawa:
- forming pruning wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar madaidaicin siffar daji;
- Ana yin rigakafin tsufa lokacin da shuka ya zama sama da shekara bakwai, rassansa da bushewa da bushewa suna bushe;
- tsabtace tsabtace - cire tsoffin tsofaffin bishiyoyi, bushe da rassa.
Kula! A cikin kaka, bayan duk aikin da ya shafi noma ƙasa da kuma datse bushes, shuka yana shirya hunturu. Don yin wannan, suna tanƙwara shi, yayyafa shi da peat kuma sun rufe shi da kayan mai yawa.
Kiwo
Gooseberries na iya haifuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- kwance a kwance. Don yin wannan, ana ɗaukar rassan matasa, an yanke madaidaiciya daga sama, bayan wannan sun durƙusa ƙasa kuma su tono da kyau a cikin ramuka. Lokacin da sababbin harbe suka girma sama da 10 cm, suna fara kulawa, amma ga tsirrai masu cike;
- karba mai rufe fuska. An sa rassa na shekara-shekara a kwance a cikin shirye-shiryen tsagi, pinned kuma yafa masa ƙasa. A saman harbi a cikin baka ana sama, kuma a cikin fall ya rabu da babban daji kuma ana dasa shi;
- rarraba daji. Ana amfani dashi lokacin motsawa zuwa sabon wuri. An sare daji guntu, an sanya filaye a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka shirya;
- yaduwa ta hanyar yanke. Ya danganta da lokacin, fasahar dasawa ta bambanta. A lokacin rani, ana ɗaukar kore kore, kuma a cikin kaka, lignified.
Ikon cutar
Dukkanin manyan cututtukan da zasu iya yin barazanar gooseberries ana maganin su ta hanyar fesa daji tare da ruwan Bordeaux. Idan ƙasa ta shafa, to, ana shayar da shi da maganin jan ƙarfe. Kadai cutar da ke da wahalar kawar da ita ita ce mosaic (haɓakar harbe yana tsayawa, yanayin mosaic yana bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki). Bushes mafi yawansu ana zubar da su. Don kare gooseberries daga yawancin kwari, rassan, ganye da berries ana bi da su tare da kwari.
Cutar
Guzberi talakawa wani jigo ne irin na gargajiya a yanayin aikin gona. Yana cikin kusan dukkanin gidan ƙasa, amma ba kowa bane yasan yadda yakamata ya kula da kuma yada shi. Labarin da ke sama zai taimaka wajen cike ilimi.
