Birch gama gari shine asalin halittar bishiyoyi masu lalacewa da tsirrai na mallakar Birch. Mahalli a cikin yanayi a ko'ina cikin Rasha da Arewacin Hemisphere. Sunan bishiyar ta fito ne daga tushe mai ma'ana, wanda ke ma'ana mai haske, fari.
Birch - bayanin da bayanin
Birch itaciyar itace mai fari-busasshiyar itace wacce ta kai girman 30. Tana zaune kimanin shekaru 100-150. Tana da gangar jikin, ko daɗaɗɗe, mai laushi, tare da layin fata mai laushi ko aibobi a saman ɗakin. Itace tana da tushe wanda ya zurfi cikin ƙasa. A ganye ne triangular oblong a daban-daban masu girma dabam, m, fentin a cikin daban-daban tabarau na kore, serrated a gefuna. Matashiyar takarda na iya zama m. 
Dwarf
Daga a tarihi mai nisa a Rasha shuka ce mai bautar gumaka, alama ce ta Slavism. Itaciyar tana da alaƙa da bayyanar karamar yarinya kyakkyawa - mai tsabta ne. A cikin al'adar Slavs, itace itace ta ruhaniya - tana korar mugayen ruhohi kuma magidanci ne na iyali.
An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin magungunan jama'a. Misali, daga rassa zaka iya tattara tsintsiya don wanka, haɓaka wanda zai sauƙaƙa tashin hankali na tsoka da sanyaya fata. Sutchin Birch yana da tasiri mai amfani ga zagayawa jini, kuma tar zai taimaka da cututtukan fata.
An yaba da kyau da mahimmancin wannan itaciya a cikin wallafe-wallafen, kuma amfanin birch a matsayin shuka ba zai wuce gona da iri ba. Yana da wuya da haƙuri da kowane yanayi da ƙasa, saboda haka yanayin rayuwarsa a cikin ɗabi'a yana da faɗi sosai. 
Baki
Itace
Itace Birch yana da ƙarfi sosai, saman haushi yana da ɗan ƙaramin sheki. Sakamakon ƙarfin ƙarfinsa, elasticity na musamman, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin ayyukan gini da kammalawa da kuma a masana'antar sassaƙa da samarwa da kayayyaki. Idan ba tare da magani yadda ya kamata ba, yana jin daɗin juyawa. 
Erman
Gudun ruwa
Ana farawa a watan Afrilu. Birch yana da stamen da pistil 'yan kunne. Pistil - mace, tsawon 2-3.5 cm, ɗaya akan reshe. Suna zaune galibi a gefen reshe. Bayyana tare da blooming na farko ganye. Stamens - namiji, dogo mai tsawo, 6-7 cm tsayi, raka'a 3-4 akan rassan, pollen yalwata asirin. Ringan kunne ɗaya ya ƙunshi kusan tsaba 600. 'Ya'yan itace tsohuwar nama ne mai fuka-fukai guda biyu waɗanda suke da yawa sau da yawa akan ta. Ripening yana farawa a watan Agusta. An baza tsaba a ƙasa saboda iska kuma suna da tushe a kan kowace ƙasa. 
Karelian
Iri birches
Kawo yanzu dai ba a kafa ainihin takamaiman matakin ba, kuma adadin nau'in dangi ya kusan 100. Mafi mashahuri:
| Dubawa | Tsayi (m) / ganga | Bayanin |
| M (gidan abinci) | Kimanin 20-27. Kimanin 0.75. | Matasa haushi launin ruwan kasa a launi, ya yi fari tare da shekaru. Tsage kambi, rassa sama, yada iri-iri. Ba tare da izini ba ga rana, sanyi-resistant, zai fi dacewa m ƙasa. Yana girma a Siberiya, Caucasus da yammacin Turai. |
| Dangling (warty) | Matsakaicin 35. Kimanin 0.8. | Mafi yawan iri-iri. A cikin kananan bishiyoyi, haushi ya zama ruwan kasa, ya yi fari bayan shekaru 10. Rassan sun rataye ƙasa, an rufe su da yawa. Habitat - Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Afirka. |
| Ehrman (dutse) | Har zuwa 10-12. Ya Kai Ga 1. | Rashin bambancin bishiyar a cikin rayuwar rayuwa kusan shekaru 500 ne. Karen hular iska, kambi mai ƙyalli. Haushi yana launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa a launi. Yana girma a Siberiya, Far East, China, Japan. |
| Cherry (viscous, zaki) | Kimanin 22-27. Har zuwa 0.65. | Fissured duhu Brown haushi. Itace bishiya a siffar dala, tare da rassa ƙasa. A ganye ne oblong m a koren launi mai launi. Ba Ya son frosts, ni'ima m da drained kasa. Habitat - Kasashen Baltic, Belarus, Gabashin Turai. |
| Baki (kogi) | Ba sama da 35 ba. Fiye da 1. | Brown ko launin toka mai haushi tare da laushi mara nauyi. Ganye suna triangular ko m, duhu kore. Yana son yanayin dumama. Yana girma a cikin Amurka. |
| Dwarf (karami, dwarf) | Sauyewa daga 0.2 zuwa 1. | Branaƙƙarfan branched shrub tare da haushi na inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa. M ganye tare da serrated gefuna. Yana girma a cikin tundra, sabili da haka, yana son ƙasa mai laushi sosai. Ana samun sa a cikin Yakutia, Kamchatka, Siberiya, har ma da yankuna masu tsaunuka. |
| Karelian | Zai iya isa 6-9. Kimanin 0.4. | Siffar tana kama da daji. Gangar jikin yana matsewa, ba ta daidaita ba. Itace yana da daraja sosai a masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki. Kambi ne acutifoliate, serrated gefuna da petals. Gidajen al'ada - Norway, Sweden, Karelia, Poland, Belarus. |
HatsariSaukowa da kulawa
Birch ba mai tsayi ba ne a ƙasa, na iya girma da haɓaka ta kowane fanni. Don yayi girma bishiyar itace a cikin yankin ku, ana bada shawara don shirya ƙasa mai laushi da laima. Ya kamata ku tono ɓacin rai da cikin haɓakar da aka ƙara a cikin wani gwargwado: peat, yashi, humus da sauran gonar talakawa a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 2. Domin shuka ya dauki tushen mafi kyau, da seedling dole ne a sanya tare da earthen dunƙule a kan tushen sa. Bayan dasawa, kuna buƙatar samar da shayarwa na yau da kullum da kuma kayan miya a kai a kai tare da takaddun takaddun da ke ɗauke da phosphorus da potassium.
Kar ka manta cewa a lokacin rani bishiyar tana shan ruwa da yawa, a saboda haka ya zama dole ruwa a kai a kai la'akari da guga 1 a 1 sq. m
Suna ciyar da shi sau biyu a shekara: a cikin kaka da bazara - tare da bayani mai ɗauke da sinadarin nitroammophos.
Ana yin rigakafin cututtuka da kwari a shekara. An kula da shuka tare da fungicide, maganin kashe kwari. 
M
Mr. mazaunin bazara ya ba da sanarwar: kaddarorin magani na Birch da aikace-aikace
Itace sanannu don kyan abubuwan warkarwa: yana inganta warkarwa mai rauni, yana kawar da kumburi, yaƙar kwayoyi, kuma yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi gaba ɗaya.
Ana iya amfani da adon da aka yi daga ganyen Birch a matsayin maganin kashe maye, maganin antiseptik, diuretic da wakili na choleretic. Mahimman mai, bitamin C, nicotinic acid, antioxidants, tannins - saturate su.
Baya ga tafasa, daga ganyayyaki zaku iya samun jiko wanda ya ƙunshi antioxidants: maras tabbas da flavonoids. Suna haɓaka sakewar sel da kyallen takarda, tunda antioxidants suna ɗaukar tsattsauran ra'ayi mara amfani. Ana amfani dashi azaman antimicrobial, antiviral da anti-mai kumburi wakili.
Tincture na matasa Birch ganye ne mai kyau bitamin shiri wanda taimaka tare da koda cututtukan, jaundice, malaise da danniya.
Yawan Birch yana da tasirin rigakafi saboda tsarin acid, glucose da fructose. Idan kun tara shi a wasu ranakun Maris ko Afrilu, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana taimakawa wajen tsarkake jini.
Daga bunch buds, an shirya kayan ado da tinctures don cututtukan tsarin tsarin. Bugu da kari, suna da diaphoretic, choleretic da diuretic sakamako. 
Kari
Yin amfani da tsintsiya birch a cikin wanka shine rigakafin cututtukan huhu, yana taimakawa shakata jiki baki ɗaya kuma yana da amfani mai amfani ga fata.
Gabaɗaya, kasancewar mutum a cikin gandun daji na birch yana da tasiri a gare shi - yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da sanyi, ƙanshi mai ban mamaki zai sauƙaƙa mummunan yanayi.
