Don ƙayyade yawan nauyin dabba "da ido" wanda ke iya samun 'yan gwani. Domin samun hanzarin gwadawa ba tare da kayan aiki na musamman ba, zaka iya amfani da teburin, kuma la'akari da shekarun dabbobi. Yadda za a yi haka tare da rashin kuskure kadan, karanta a kan.
Nauyin nauyi da ma'aunin abinci
Nauyin dabbobi na dabbobi yana daya daga cikin alamun da aka samo asali daga masu shayarwa. Ya ƙayyade adadin nama ko samar da madara.
Domin yin amfani da ingantacciyar bunkasa halittu, ya zama dole ya san alamu na canje-canjen da suka shafi shekarun jinsin dabba da kuma jimlar amsawar gingwadon zuwa canje-canje na musamman a cikin yanayin rayuwa.
Lokacin sayar da shanu a cikin nauyin rayuwa, farashin yana shafi ba kawai ta hanyar nauyin nauyin kanta ba, har ma da ma'auni na fatalwar dabba. An ƙera kitsen shanu a lokacin dubawa ta hanyar binciken kayan tsoka da kuma yankunan da aka yi.
A cikin shanu, an ajiye kayan mai, da farko, a bayan jikin: kusa da wutsiya, a kan ischial tubercles, sacrum, sa'an nan a kan ƙananan baya, maklaka, hagu. A ƙarshe, an ajiye kitsen dabbobi a wuyansa da karamar kafada.
Shin kuna sani? Idan an sanya dukkanin bil'adama a gefe ɗaya na sikelin, kuma an sha dukan shanu da bijimai zuwa kashi na biyu, nauyin nauyin "tsutsa" zai ninka nauyin mutane.
Don karɓar kyautar dabbobi don kashewa, fatalwarsu ya wajaba a bi ka'idodi na yanzu.Mutane daya shanu rarraba zuwa hudu shekaru kungiyoyin:
- dabbar shanu (shanu, shanu, heifers daga shekaru 3 da kuma shanu na farko tare da karbar nauyi a kasa 350 kg);
- shanu na farko-maraƙi waɗanda basu kasa da shekaru uku (tare da guda biyu masu haɗaka) tare da karbar nauyin fiye da kilogiram 350;
- 'yan yara daga watanni uku zuwa shekaru uku (tsararru, giraguni, heifers):
- matasa (daga kwanaki 14 zuwa watanni uku).
Ƙara koyo game da irin waɗannan shanu kamar "Highland", "Red Steppe", "Ayrshirskaya", "Jersey", "Brown Latvian", "Yaroslavskaya", "Aberdeen-Angus", "Kalmyk", "Kakhakhskaya White-headed", "Kholmogorsky" "," Simental "," Golshtinsky "," Shorthorn ".
Ƙungiyoyin shekaru, har zuwa sun kasance, an rarraba zuwa kashi biyu.
Nau'i na farko na ƙananan dabbobi: cikewar ƙwayar tsoka, angularity na gangar jikin, razanar rashin ƙarfi, ƙananan ƙananan mata, suturar hanyoyi na vertebrae da maklaki da ƙuƙwalwa mai laushi, ƙaddaraccen ɓoyayyen kayan mai a gindin wutsiya da kankarar ƙaya, da shanu suna da kyan zuma mai sauƙi.
Yanki na biyu na tsoho daji: kasa da cikewar ƙwayar tsoka, angularity na gangar jikin, sanarwa da yaduwar kafa, yatsun cinya, da kuma tsinkayar tsarin tafiyar da kwayoyin halitta, maklakov da sciatic tubercles, ƙididdigar ƙwayoyi mai yawa a kan sciatic tubercles da ƙananan baya zai yiwu, shanu suna da tsinkaye. 
Na farko nau'in bijimai: Yanayin jiki, ƙwayoyin da suka ci gaba, da baya baya, baya baya da baya, babu wani zaɓi na ƙasusuwan kwarangwal.
Na biyu nau'i na bijimai: siffar ƙananan siffar jikin jiki, ci gaba da cike da ƙwayoyin tsoka, ƙananan baya, kirji, ƙananan baya da baya, ƙananan ƙafa na kwatangwalo da ƙafar kafada.
Nau'i na farko na shanu maraƙi: Tsarin jiki, da ciwon haɓaka, ƙananan nau'i na gashin tsuntsaye, sciatic tubercles da maklakov, mai kwakwalwa a cikin gindin wutsiya.
Na biyu nau'in shanu: ƙananan zagaye na siffar torso, ci gaba da cike da tsokoki a cikin tsokoki, tsirrai ƙwayoyin motsi na vertebrae, sciatic tubercles, maklaki, ba fatattun jiki ba. 
Ƙananan yara sun kasu kashi hudu:
- zabi - fiye da 450 kg;
- na farko - 400-450 kg;
- na biyu - 350-400 kg;
- na uku shine 300-350 kg.
Ƙananan yara, zabi na farko da na biyu sun shiga cikin farko, kuma matasan na uku suna da nau'i biyu.
Farko na farko - siffar jikin jiki, ci gaba da ƙwayar cuta, sifofin suturar kwayoyi, sciatic tubercles da maklaki tsayawa kaɗan, dukiyarsu mai laushi a cikin wutsiya.
Kashi na biyu - ƙananan zagaye na jiki, ci gaba da cike da tsokoki na ƙwayoyin tsokoki, da ƙurarru, da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, da sciatic tubercles, maklaki da ke fita, ba a kwance ba.
Na farko nau'i na kananan shanu (madara) - da tsokoki suna da yalwaci, tsarin suturar kwayoyin halitta ba su da protrude, gashi yana da tsabta, ƙwayoyin mucous na eyelids sune fari, gumun suna farin ko tare da tinge mai haske, laushi, fadin yana da fari ko rawaya, nauyin nauyi bai zama ƙasa ba 30 kg. 
Sashe na biyu na kananan shanu (ciyarwa) - tsokoki ba su da matukar gamsuwa, hanyoyi masu sassaucin ƙwayoyin ido, ƙuƙumma, ƙuƙumma, laushi suna da tudu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dabbobin da ba su bi ka'idodi na biyu ba ko ƙananan ƙananan fatness ana daukar su suyi.Dangane da nauyin dabba, nauyin kitsen da alamun aladu sun kasu kashi biyar na fatness.
Farko na farko - ƙwayar naman alade a cikin shekaru takwas har zuwa watanni 8, yana auna kilo 80-105, an ciyar da su a gonaki na musamman (gonaki) a kan ratsin da zai tabbatar da sakin alade naman alade mai kyau.
Launi yana fari, fata ba tare da aibobi ba. Tashi ba tare da tsinkayar kwayar cutar ba a cikin kwakwalwar ƙafa, girman daga asibiti zuwa tushen wutsiya ba kasa da 100 cm. Balaga ba tare da ciwon sukari ba, hematomas, raunin da ya shafi nama mai laushi. Girman kitsen a kan sifofin sutura na 6-7 th thoracic vertebrae shine 1.5-3.5 cm.
Kashi na biyu - matasa nama alade (kuma shuka), yin la'akari 60-150 kg tare da man alade kauri 1.5-4 cm, da gilt yin la'akari 20-60 kg tare da man alade kauri ba kasa da daya santimita.
Sashe na uku - aladu mai laushi, ciki har da shuka da boars; shekarun da nauyi ba'a iyakance ba, mai kauri kauri 4.4 cm ko fiye. 
Hudu na hudu - hogs yin la'akari da 150 kg kuma shuka tare da naman alade kauri daga 1.5-4 cm.
Sashe na biyar - Alkaran alade suna yin kilo mita 4-8. Fata ne farar fata ko ruwan hoda kadan, ba tare da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta ba, rashes, hematomas, raunuka, ciyawa. Tsarin gwiwar sutura da ƙwayoyin hannu ba su tsaya ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ga jigon farko, maza ya kamata a sake bazuwa ba bayan fiye da watanni 2 ba, don na biyu, na uku da na hudu - ba tare da fiye da watanni 4 ba.Alade da ke biyan bukatun farko, amma suna da ciwace-ciwacen fata a kan fatar jiki, raunuka, cututtuka na cututtuka da ke fama da ƙwayar cututtukan, suna cikin kashi biyu.
Ya danganta da shekaru, dawakai sun kasu kashi uku: manya - daga shekaru uku da fiye; matasa matasa - daga daya zuwa shekaru uku; yara - har zuwa shekara guda tare da nauyin rayuwa na kalla 120 kg.
Dangane da fatness, girma dawakai da matasa dabbobi suna raba zuwa na farko da na biyu Categories, da kuma foals kawai a farkon.
Adonai dawakai jigon farko - tsokoki suna bunkasa daidai, siffofin jiki suna zagaye; kirji, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafa, ƙananan baya, croup da thighs an kashe su cikakke; Tsarin hanyoyi na spinal da lumbar vertebrae ba shahararren ba ne; haƙarƙari kawai a bayyane kuma mai rauni sosai; Maganin ajiya suna da kyau tare da kullun da wuyan wutsiya. 
Kashi na biyu - da tsokoki suna ci gaba da matsakaici, siffar jikin jiki dan kadan ne; kirji, aljihun kafada, baya, croup, da thighs sun cika daidai; Tsarin hanzari na dorsal da lumbar vertebrae suna iya yaduwa kadan; ƙunƙwasa ba za a iya ganewa ba, ba za a kama yatsunsu ba; Ƙananan kuɓo mai yawa suna raguwa tare da tudu.
Kila za ku so kuyi koyi game da irin waɗannan dawakai kamar yadda Vladimir ya yi nauyi, Frisian, Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosa, Orlov trotter, da Tinker.
Matashi na farko - tsokoki suna bunkasa daidai, siffofin jiki suna zagaye; Tsarin hanyoyi na spinal da lumbar vertebrae ba protrude; sciatic tubercles da maklaki dan kadan bayyane; Subcutaneous fat deposits suna palpable a wuyansa a cikin hanyar wani na roba tsefe.
Kashi na biyu - tsokoki suna ci gaba da haɓaka, siffofin angular jiki; samfurori masu sassauci na dorsal da lumbar vertebrae, humeroscapular joints, maklaki da sciatic tubercles protrude dan kadan; Ƙunƙungun ƙwayoyin suna da kyau, amma ba a yatsa da yatsunsu; ƙididdigar gishiri a kan wuyan wuyansa da kuma jiki ne ƙananan.
Ƙungiyar farko ta farko - da tsokoki suna kafa daidai ko kuma mai dacewa, jiki yana da nau'i ko dan kadan; ƙafar kafada-kafada, scapula, suturar hanyoyi na dorsal da lumbar vertebrae, maklaki da sciatic tubercles sun sami damar yaduwa dan kadan; Ƙunƙun ƙwayoyi suna da kyau kaɗan, ƙididdigar ƙananan ƙwayoyi za su yiwu a kan wuyan wuyansa. 
Yadda za a ƙayyade nauyi ba tare da ma'auni ba
Ƙididdigar nauyin dabbobi ta yin amfani da ma'auni yana dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa yana da matsakaicin girmanta. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙarfin ƙera ko sanda itace kayan aikin da ake bukata don aunawa, dangane da hanyar ƙayyade jikin jiki.
Kayan dabbobi
Tabbatar nauyin nau'in naman alade mara nauyi don nama za'a iya yin ta hanyoyi da dama.
Tsarin dabbobi don ƙayyade nauyi ana aiwatarwa a kan waɗannan sigogi:
- Girman katako na dabba yana bayan kwakwalwan ƙafa, a kusa da kirji tare da layin da ke tafiya a tsaye daga ƙarshen kafada;
- tsawon ƙwarƙwarar ƙwanƙwasa - auna daga gaban gefen ƙafar kafada-kafada tare da haɗin gwiwa zuwa na gaba na ischial tubercles.
Don waɗannan ma'auni a teburin zaka iya samun amsar tambayar tambayar yadda za a gano nauyin shanu ba tare da ma'auni ba. 
Tebur don ƙayyade kimanin nauyin nauyin ƙwayar maraƙi 
An kiyasta nauyin rayuwa a kowace kungiya na dabbobi: dabbobi masu kyau, shanu, da masu samar da sa.
Shin kuna sani? Shine mafi girma a duniya - Mount Katahdin, matasan Holstein-Durham - ya kai nauyin nauyin kilo 2270 (1906-1910). A cewar Guinness Book of Records, ta kasance a mintuna 1.88 m da 3.96 m a girth.
Tabbatar da nauyin nauyin shanu da ke amfani da tebur na ma'auni yana ba da kuskure a cikin iyakar 20-30 kg idan aka kwatanta da yin la'akari da ma'auni, kuma wani lokacin mahimmanci kaɗan.
Lura cewa nauyin dabbobin shanu ya bambanta da shekaru ba a koyaushe a hankali kuma yawanci ya dogara ne akan yanayin abinci, yanayin damuwa da yanayin yanayi, cututtuka daban-daban da wasu dalilai suna da tasirin gaske.
Duk wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin shanu da yawa yawan yawan canjin yau da kullum tare da abun ciki na al'ada zai iya zuwa 30-40 kg, ko 5-7%. Don sanin yadda yawancin awaki mai rai ya yi la'akari da matsakaici, dole ne a bi daidai ga ɗaukar sigogi. 
Lokacin kallon dabba daga gefe, ƙwayoyin su rufe juna. Ya kamata shugaban ya kasance a matsayi na kwance dangane da jiki kuma kada a sauke shi ko ƙarfafa shi.
Aladu
Sanin nauyin alade wajibi ne don lissafin adadin abinci da aka ba.
Abincin da ke cike da cikakke shi ne ainihin asirin nasara a girma cikin aladu, don haka zai zama da amfani a lissafta a gaban adadin abinci. Karawan karuwanci shine alama mai mahimmanci cewa kowane manomi ya kamata ya sarrafa.
A wannan yanayin, za a iya gyara jigilar ci gaba tare da abinci mai dacewa da kuma gabatar da karin bitamin kuma ciyar da abinci. Lokacin da aka ba da alade ga nama, yana da kyau don amfani da kayan lantarki, amma don aminci, zaka iya kwatanta shi a gida.
Don amintaccen bayani yana da muhimmanci a auna dabba. Lokacin da aka kwatanta buƙata guda biyu masu alama: tsawon jiki da ƙarar kirji, ana aunawa a ƙarƙashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafa. Don saukakawa, zaka iya amfani da tefan talikan. Wadannan nauyin ma'aunin alade sun bambanta da girman tare da daidaito daga 4 zuwa 11%. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Tabbatar da nauyin nauyin rayuwa a cikin girman yadda ya kamata kawai idan aka auna kafin ciyar da dabba. Alade ya kamata ya tsaya tsaye, tare da girman kansa.
Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yadda za'a gano nauyin alade ba tare da yin amfani da sikelin da ma'auni ba.
Wadannan ma'auni suna haɗuwa da kuma a tsaka-tsaki na daidaitattun wurare da kuma daidaitattun dabi'u sun gano kimanin nau'in nau'in dabba.
Tabbatarwa ta yin amfani da coefficients
Wannan hanya za a iya kira mafi kusa, amma ya dace idan ba ku da layin da ke sama a hannun. Girman alade a cikin wannan yanayin ana dauka a cikin hanyar kamar yadda ke cikin tebur.
Lissafi algorithm yana da sauƙi. Girman bayanai yana ninka tare da juna (girman cikin centimeters). Bada ƙayyade yawan ƙwayar dabba. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa ayyana ƙananan matakai guda uku:
- Mafi isasshen alade mai k = 162.
- Matsakaicin fatness shine k = 156.
- Na al'ada da mai kyau abun ciki k = 142.
Sakamakon ninka ƙarar alade ta raba ta daidaitattun lamarin mahaɗin.
Shin kuna sani? Naman alade - nama mafi girma a duniya, kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan duniya.
Har ila yau mahimmanci shine wani abu - shekarun dabba. Daban kuma zai rinjayi wannan matsala, ba asiri ba ne cewa a wannan lokacin da aladu Vietnamese da fararen fata za su kasance cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i nau'i.Tsarin daidaitawa da nauyin-nau'i-nau'i ne kawai bazai wanzu ba, saboda ma'auni na ƙayyade zai zama cikakken abincin da zai iya samarwa, wanda zai yiwu a samar da ita a cikin yanayin gona, kuma ba don amfanin gida ba.
Horses
Tambayar yadda za a tantance nauyin doki ba tare da ma'auni ba kuma yana da kyau, kuma ana iya yin haka a hanyoyi da dama.
Musamman ma'aunin gwadawa
Kasashen waje, samar da samfurori na musamman ga nau'i uku na dawakai: daftarin dawakai, dawaki da doki. Yin amfani da su don ƙayyade nauyi na dabba yana da sauki.
Wajibi ne don zaɓan ƙaddamar da ma'auni don takamaiman nau'in doki (akwai digiri a cikin kilo a kan su) kuma auna ƙwarjin ƙirjin inda cinch yake. Yanki daidai zai gaya maka nauyin nauyin doki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sanin nauyin nauyin doki ya zama dole don bayyanar da al'ada, wasan kwaikwayon, iyawar shiga cikin nune-nunen, da ikon iya ɗaukar nauyin kaya mai kyau.
Yanki na ma'auni (bisa ga ma'auni na ƙarar kirji da tsayin doki)Yi amfani da "decimeter" na talakawa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kasuwancin shinge. Kuna buƙatar yin ma'auni guda biyu: tsawon doki da ƙarar kirjinsa. Bayan wannan amfani da ma'anar: M (nauyi a kilogiram) = V (ƙarar nono a cikin cm) × V (ƙarfin nono cikin cm) × L (tsawon in cm).
Wannan hanya ba dace da ƙwararru ba, masu ciki masu ciki, dabbobi mai maimaita ko ƙananan dabbobi.
Hanyar Matorina Ana amfani da wannan hanya ga kowane irin doki. Tare da shi, zaka iya lissafta nauyi na doki. Ma'anar ita ce mai sauƙi: Y = 6 × V - 620. Y shine nauyin doki a kilogiram, kuma V shine kirji a cikin centimeters.
Shin kuna sani? A Finnish, kalma doki mai tsanani ne, kuma kalma mai doki shine aboki mara kyau. Duk wani finke zai yi farin ciki idan matar ta ce, "Oh, kai ne kyawawan doki!"
Hanyar Durst Don wannan hanya, ana amfani da alamomin musamman, wanda ya danganci irin doki. Ma'anar ita ce kamar haka: P = V × K, inda P shine dakin doki a kilogiram, V shine kirji a cikin cm, kuma K shine zane zane. Don dawakai masu nauyi, 3.5 ne, don masu matsakaici - 3.1, kuma don haske - 2.7. 
Tabbatar da nauyin doki ta wurin tsawo Ta hanyar hawan doki yana nufin nisa daga ƙasa har zuwa mafi girman maƙasudin ƙuƙasasshe, wanda ƙaddarar ƙaddarar ta ƙaddara ta ƙaddara cikin santimita. Akwai hanyoyi biyu don aiwatar da irin wannan lissafi.
Bisa ga hanyar farko, ninka bayanai a cikin cm bayan an ji ta hanyar musamman.
Don dawakan da suke aiki da nau'i na aiki kuma suna gina gina haske, daidai yake da:
- don mai kitse - 2.58;
- don talakawan - 2.33;
- don fata - 2,10.
- don mai dawakai mai yawan gaske - 3.39;
- domin fata - 3.06.
Horses na aiki aiki (nauyi Bugu da kari):
- obese - 13;
- fata - 12.
- fatty - 10;
- matsakaita - 9;
- durƙusar - 8.
Amfanin dabaru da amfani
Kusan girman girman alade ya kamata a san yawancin maniputu: fara daga ƙayyade kashi da ake buƙata, ta ƙare tare da magungunan ƙwayoyi. Don samar da cikakken ƙididdiga ba sau da yawa ba, saboda ba duka zasu iya sayen kayan aiki mai tsabta ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za ka iya amfani da matakai na labarin mu kuma sami darajar da ake bukata a kalla tare da kuskuren ƙananan kuskure.
Bayanan da ake buƙata don lissafi ƙima ne, yawanci shine tsawon jiki da girth a ƙarƙashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafa. Dangane da haɓakar mai fatalwa na alade akwai matakai na musamman don ƙididdigewa.
Zaka iya amfani da nauyin gwargwadon nauyin ƙwayar aladu iri daban-daban, kazalika da ƙididdige dogara da shekaru da girman.
Данные могут довольно значительно варьироваться в зависимости от условий содержания и кормления. Известно, что в летний и весенний период свиньи значительно лучше набирают вес, поэтому выгоднее брать поросят именно весной.
Ga wannan 'yan karamar ƙwararrun' yan kwanakin nan biyu da suka fi dacewa su iya samar da abinci mai karfi a kansu. Lokacin sayen 'yan kasuwa a cikin watanni mafi kyau shine ciyar da su da madara. 
A cikin wannan abu mai sauƙi, yayin da aka gane nauyin doki tare da ma'auni, akwai wasu ƙwarewa. Ya kamata dabba ya zama matakin a lokacin da ake ji, don haka ba za ka iya yin ba tare da wani mataimaki ba.
Don yin rikodin canje-canje mai yiwuwa a cikin taro, yana da mahimmanci cewa mutumin nan ya ɗauki ma'aunuka kowane lokaci. Tsarin rashin tabbas zai iya faruwa saboda ulu da kuma kauri.
Sabili da haka, dabi'un da aka samu kafin da kuma bayan shears na iya bambanta da yawa, kuma nauyin doki zai rage kawai ta yawan gashin gashi.
Kodayake ƙayyade nauyin dabbobi ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki na musamman ba kuma yana bada sakamako kimanin, amma ilimin waɗannan fasahohi zai taimaka maka idan akwai irin wannan yanayi ya taso.
