Gloxinia mallakar halittar ganye ne na ganye iri-iri na wannan sunan a cikin iyalin Gesneriaceae. Homelandasar mahaifarta ita ce dazuzzuka marasa ƙarfi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Tana jan hankalin furannin fure tare da manyan furanni masu haske wadanda ke samar da kyawawan furanni a farfajiya. An bambanta kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar haƙurinsa da ƙayyadaddun halayensa, don haka cikakke ne ga masu farawa. Godiya ga masu shayarwa, nau'ikan nau'ikan gloxinia da furanni biyu na launuka daban-daban an gundura.
Bayanin Gloxinia
Gloxinia shine herbaceous perennial tare da tushen tsarin a cikin nau'i na babban tarin fuka. Wasu nau'ikan basu da tushe, yayin da a wasu kuma harbe zasu iya shimfiɗa har zuwa cm 70. harbe suna da laushi, masu jan ciki. Tsawon shuka a cikin yanayin halitta bai wuce cm 25 ba.Wannan nau'ikan cikin gida sun cika kankanta (har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi).
A saman farfajiya na ƙasa wata fure mai ganye ne wanda yake cike da tsiro, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan ganyen petiolate. Tsawon farantin ganye ya kai cm 20. Yana da sifofi mai kyau ko kuma bango tare da madaidaicin baki da ƙarshen ƙarewa. Takaddun ganye masu duhu mai duhu kore mai kauri;
Ciyawar tsirrai
Bloxinia na fure a cikin Maris kuma zai iya wuce har zuwa watanni uku. Wasu nau'ikan matasan ma suna girma a cikin kaka. Wannan yana ba ku damar zaɓa da sayan gloxinia don hutu a maimakon furannin furanni na yau da kullun. A tsakiyar ɓangaren mashigin waje akwai furanni da yawa guda ɗaya waɗanda ke da faɗin cm 8-12. Peduncles suna da laushi, haka karrarawa masu tsayi suna iya. Kamar ganyayyaki, an rufe su da gajeren villi. Yawan adadin buds a kan shuka ɗaya zai iya zama raka'a 8-40. Corolla ta ƙunshi ƙananan filayen fure tare da gefen gurgu, waɗanda ke cikin layuka ɗaya ko sama. Yawancin lokaci gindi da gefuna da furannin suna da launi daban-daban.
Furanni masu launin shuɗi, ja, rasberi, fari ko cream. Akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da furanni na monophonic waɗanda kawai ke canza jijiyar launuka, kuma akwai furanni waɗanda aka rufe da ƙananan furke, ratsi na bakin ciki ko kan iyaka mai bambanta. Wasu samfurori suna da bututu mai ruɓi da ƙarafa masu lanƙwasa maimakon buɗe wuta.
Wintering da hutawa lokaci
A ƙarshen ƙarshen Satumba, lokacin da gloxinia ta ƙare, ya zama dole a daina hadar da shi. Hakanan ana rage ruwa zuwa moisturean ƙasa ɗaya mai laushi a wata. Bayan furanni, ganyayen sun fara mutuwa a cikin wata guda duk ciyayi da yake sama ya bushe. An kunna tukunyar zuwa wani wuri mai duhu kuma a ajiye shi a + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Anan ya zauna tsawon watanni 4. Za'a iya yin hakar ganyen kuma a adana shi daban a cikin kwantena tare da gansakuka ko ƙwayar fure.
A tsakiyar Fabrairu, zaman lafiya na hunturu ya ƙare. Tubers ya kamata a dasa a cikin sabo, moistened ƙasa. An canza tukwane cikin daki mai zafin jiki + 15 ... + 16 ° C. Shayar a hankali, kamar yadda kasar gona ta kafe.
Iri da iri
A cikin yanayi, akwai kusan nau'ikan 25 na gloxinia, amma biyu daga cikinsu kawai suna girma cikin al'ada.
Gloxinia yana da kyau. A shuka yana da fadi sosai m mai haske ganye tare da takaice, lokacin farin ciki pubescence. Suna kan dogayen itace. Za'a iya ganin tsarin taimako na jijiyoyi a farfajiya. Furanni a cikin nau'i na babban kararrawa ana fentin su da fararen kaya, da shuɗi, da shuɗi, da shuɗi, da shunayya. Akwai iri iri tare da furanni masu sauƙi da maraba.
Gloxinia sarauta ce. Godiya ga kafaffen harbe, tsiron ya samar da karamin daji har zuwa tsayi cm 10. A farfajiya mai duhu kore shuɗar ganye akwai ƙirar azurfa tare da jijiya. Manyan furanni masu kararrawa masu launin fure da furanni akan tebur da ke da yawansu ya kai 7 cm da tsayi har zuwa 5 cm.
Dangane da wasu nau'in, shayarwa sun bred iri-iri na ado. Daga cikinsu, mafi ban sha'awa a yau sune masu zuwa:
- Babban Haske - manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-dusar kankara da suka dace da samuwar bouquets;
Babban haske - Kayan Jiki Na Buga - manyan furanni biyu suna da fenti mai haske (marshmallow) tint;
Kawasaki mai taushi - Kristin Irish - fure mai kauri biyu na karen fure ne da ke da farin tushe da iyaka;
Kristin irish - Pinik Flamingo - manyan furanni ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da farin farin bakin ciki tare da gefen fure;
Pinik harshen wuta - Yesenia - furanni biyu tare da fure mai tsire-tsire na beetroot;
Yesenia - Karancin hunturu - furanni biyu tare da furannin burgundy waɗanda aka rufe da fararen dige;
Harin Kare - Kudancin Kudancin - furanni masu matsakaitan matsakaitan launuka biyu, sun ƙunshi maroon, kusan baƙaƙen fata.
Kudancin dare
Ka'idojin kiwo
An yadu da Gloxinia ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- shuka iri;
- rarraba tuber;
- tushen itace.
Shuka gloxinia daga tsaba yana da isasshen sauƙi. Ana sayi tsaba a cikin shago ko aka samu kansu ta hanyar pollination na wucin gadi. Kwalaye sun cika kamar watanni biyu. An shuka Gloxinia a watan Fabrairu. Idan yana yiwuwa a fayyace seedlings tare da fitila, yana yiwuwa a girma gloxinia daga seedlingsan watan Nuwamba. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya na yashi da ƙasa na peat. An rufe tukunya da gilashi kuma a ci gaba da ɗumi (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C). Wajibi ne a fesa kasar yau da kullun kuma sanya iska a cikin mintuna na 15-30. Tsaba yana girma bayan makonni biyu. Daga wannan lokacin, zaku iya cire tsari kuma matsar da tukunya zuwa wuri mai haske. Tare da bayyanar 1-2 ainihin ganye, seedlings suna nutse cikin tukwane daban. Ana sa ran hurawa cikin watanni shida.
Ana yin haifuwar gloxinia tare da ganye mai ganye a lokacin bazara. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ganye mai laushi ku yanke shi a kwance zuwa sassa uku. An cire Petioles gaba daya. Ana sanya ganye a tsaye a cikin ƙasa, yana tono ƙasa da aka yanke ta hanyar cm cm 0. An rufe dasa shuki tare da fim kuma an canza shi zuwa wuri mai haske da dumi (+ 23 ... + 24 ° C). Ya kamata a iska yau da kullun kuma lokaci-lokaci moisten kasar gona. Bayan kwanaki 15-20, Tushen har ma da ƙaramin ƙanana zai fito a ganyen. Yanzu za a iya dasa ganyen a kananan tukwane. Fulawa mai yiwuwa ne bayan watanni 3-4.
Lokacin dasawa a farkon bazara, za a iya raba ƙwayar gloxinia zuwa sassa da yawa. Yakasa ya kasance ya kasance cikin kowace rarrabuwa; theausar ta murƙushe da gawayi da murƙushe. Ana shuka Tubers a cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da diamita wanda bai wuce cm 13 ba. A lokacin girma, yanayin zafin iska kada ya faɗi ƙasa + 20 ° C. Fulawa yana farawa bayan watanni 4.
Siffofin Juyawa
Transplants yawanci shirya a cikin bazara, lokacin da tuber ba tukuna samu matasa harbe. Yi amfani da ƙananan tukwane na yumɓu ko filastik. Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don samar da tsarin magudanar ruwa mai kyau tare da ramuka a ƙasan kuma Layer na yumɓu mai yumɓu, ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙwalƙatun yumɓu.
Don dasa shuki tubers, kayan da aka shirya don violet ya dace. Kuna iya sanya cakuda ƙasa da kanku daga abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- turf ƙasa (2 sassa);
- takarda ƙasa (1 sashi);
- peat (sassa 2);
- kogin kogi (1 sashi);
- humus humidu (kashi 1).
A lokacin da dasawa, sun yi ƙoƙari su saki ƙwayar a hankali daga tsohon earthen coma. Ba lallai ba ne don a haƙa shi da zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Manyan matakai na sama ya kamata su kasance a farfajiya.
Sanya zaɓi
Gloxinia a gida ya fi son ɗakuna masu haske. Yana girma sosai akan windowsills da gabas. A cikin ɗakunan kudu, ana bada shawara ga inuwa fure daga hasken rana kai tsaye, wanda ya bar mummunan ƙonewa akan ganye mai laushi. Gloxinia yana nufin tsirrai masu hasken rana. Don ci gaba na al'ada, tana buƙatar hasken wuta na tsawon awanni 14-16. Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da fitilar mai kyalli.
A lokacin tsirrai masu aiki, zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon + 18 ... + 22 ° C. A kan kwanakin zafi, yakamata a sauƙaƙe ɗakin ko saka furanni a cikin lambu. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bada izinin canje-canje mai ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki da kuma zayyana, in ba haka ba gloxinia na iya mutuwa da sauri.
Yadda ake kulawa da fure
Gloxinia ba a kulawa da shi a cikin kulawa ta yau da kullun. Ko da mai farawa da mai aikin fure mai aiki sosai na iya jure su. Dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire sau da yawa, amma kada ruwa ya shiga lamba tare da harbe. An bada shawara don amfani da hanyar sama ban ruwa. Ya kamata a tsabtace ruwa da ɗanɗano fiye da zafin rana. Lokacin da gloxinia yayi yawa, yawan ruwa zai ragu.
Don shuka, ya zama dole don tabbatar da yanayin zafi a matakin 70-80%. Tun da ganyayyaki, kuma galibi furanni suna rufe da tari, ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da kwalban fesa. Kuna iya sanya tsire-tsire kusa da aquariums, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko kwantena tare da yumɓu da aka lalace. A lokaci guda, Tushen da ƙasa kada ya shiga cikin ruwa.
A watan Afrilu-Agusta, dole ne a ciyar da furanni tare da ma'adinai da ƙananan abubuwan don tsire-tsire na fure. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa mai yawa kuma ana amfani da shi ga ƙasa kowane kwanaki 7-10. Ana bada shawara don iyakance kanka zuwa rabin adadin da aka nuna akan kunshin.
Cutar da kwari
Gloxinia yana iya kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Lokacin yin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi sosai, dampness a cikin ɗakin ko zazzabi mara ƙaranci, shuka ya shimfiɗa, ganye ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya zama an rufe shi da aibobi launin ruwan kasa. Tare da tururuwar danshi, zaku iya samun murfin launin toka akan ganyayyaki da furanni - alamomin mildew mai ɗanɗano ko launin toka mai narkewa. Dole ne a cire sassan da suka lalace nan da nan. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a daidaita shayarwa da kuma kiyaye yanayi. Yana da amfani don kula da ƙasa tare da maganin kashewa.
Ganyayyaki masu laushi na gloxinia suna kai hari nematodes, aphids, gizo-gizo gizo da kwari. Ya kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Lokacin da zabar maganin kashe kwari, kuna buƙatar yin nazarin umarnin a hankali. Wasu kwayoyi suna haifar da ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki (alal misali, "BI-58"). Tunda an rufe ganye da tari, ana bada shawara don amfani da shirye-shirye a cikin nau'in tsirarwa, maimakon maganin feshi.
