Cypress

Coniferous shuke-shuke: iri da sunayen

Kusan dukkan masu kyauta suna da kariya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suna da ƙaunar da kuma sananne a cikin masu zane-zane. Ƙananan da dwarf, pyramidal and cone-dimbin yawa, tare da needles da deciduous - waɗannan tsire-tsire za su yi ado ga kowane wurin shakatawa, lambun ko yankunan birni. A cikin wannan labarin, za ku koyi abin da conifers da jinsuna suke.

Araucaria

Araucaria itace - daya daga cikin conifers girma cikin yanayin gida. Tsarin ya hada nau'in nau'in 19, ya tsiro a Australia, New Zealand, Amurka ta Kudu. Ana amfani da itace Araucaria a cikin kayan ado, kuma ana cinye tsaba.

Araucaria iya zama allura-kamar kuma suna da ƙananan lance-dimbin yawa ganye. An shuka shuka sosai a matsayin kayan ado a cikin tukwane a cikin greenhouses ko gonaki na hunturu, a cikin ɗakin yanayi yanayin shuka yana da wuya, amma Araucaria ma kyakkyawa ba tare da fure ba. An yi amfani da Araucaria don tsarkake iska. Mafi shahararrun nau'in wadannan kwakwalwan sune spruce, Araucian Brazilian, Cook araucaria, kuma Araucaria Chilean.

Araucaria variegated ko dakin spruce - waɗannan su ne itatuwa da kambi a cikin siffar wani dala, girma zuwa mita 60 a tsawo. Gudun bishiyoyi sune launin ruwan kasa, peeling. Tsakanin rassan da ke kan iyaka suna fita daga gangar jikin a wani kusurwar 90 °. Ƙwayoyi masu suturawa a cikin nau'i na tayin suna kama da allurar tetragonal 2 cm tsawo, launi na needles ne kodadde kore. Ƙasar gida ta shuka ita ce tsibirin Norfolk, a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar da tsire-tsire ke tsiro da hankali, musamman ma idan aka ƙaddara a cikin ƙarfin iyawa. Cikin Araucaria mai kunkuntar, ko Larabci Araucaria, na kowa a cikin daji a yankunan dutse na Brazil, inda ya kai mita 50 a tsawo. Ta na da nau'in rataye na bakin ciki, tare da dogon lokaci, har zuwa 5 cm ganye na lanceolate elongated siffar, arziki koren launi. A cikin yanayin ɗakin yana girma har zuwa mita uku.

Columnar Araucaria, ko Cook Araucaria, ke tsiro a yanayi akan tsibirin New Caledonia. Wani fasalin yanayin itace: kambi yana farawa a gefen ƙasa, kama da itacen cypress.

Chilean Araucaria na kowa a Chile da Argentina. A cikin yanayin, yana girma zuwa mita 60, diamita daga cikin akwati yana da mita daya da rabi. Kambi yana da fadi, pyramidal, rassan rassan suna kwance a ƙasa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Araucaria lokacin da girma a gida yana bukatar buƙatar ruwa kullum. Kada ka bari ƙasa ta bushe da ruwa ta shuka tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai ruwan sanyi.

Capitate

Conifers na iyali Golovchatotisovye wakilci kawai nau'i shida. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna girma a kasar Sin, Koriya, Japan, a tsibirin Taiwan, a Gabashin Indiya. Waɗannan itace bishiyoyi ko shrubs tare da girma ko dai a cikin nau'i-nau'i akasin juna, ko kuma samar da bunches tare da rassan rassan. An shirya gangaren kayan motsa jiki a cikin hanyoyi guda biyu, kunkuntar, m. Capitate yews iya zama monoecious, wato, za su iya kai pollinate, da ciwon namiji da mace fure, da kuma dioecious, wato, namiji da mace furanni suna samuwa a kan tsire-tsire daban-daban na nau'in. Kwancen maza na wadannan kwakwalwa sun fara ne a farkon kwanakin bazara, tsawon su daga 4 zuwa 25 mm, a cikin wakiltar jinsuna masu nau'in siffofi na tsakiya, wanda shine dalilin da sunan jinsin. Kwancen mata suna kama da tsari na Berry, sun ƙunshi daga daya zuwa wasu tsaba da kariya ta jiki - aryllus, wannan ƙirar kore ko ruwan inuwa mai duhu ne mai sauƙi, wanda tsuntsaye suna son shi. A bayyane, tsuntsaye da kananan rodents baza tsaba, don haka suna taimakawa wajen haifar da nau'in. Ba a fahimci capsules. Mafi yawan iri na waɗannan conifers sune:

  • Golchatchatot Harrington. Wannan takaddama na farko da aka fara koya, shi ne mafi yawan al'adun al'adu. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, yana girma a cikin gandun dajin da kuma bakin teku na Japan. A shuka na son danshi, tolerates inuwa. A cikin yanayi yana girma zuwa mita 10, a cikin al'ada shi ne karamin itace ko wani daji.
  • Golchatchatotis Forchuna. Idan yayi girma tare da itace, ta kai har zuwa mita 12 a tsawo, wani lokaci yana girma tare da daji. Kasashen waje na jinsuna ne kasar Sin, babu wani wuri a yanayi. Gashin yana da haushi mai launin ja-kasa, ya bar har zuwa 8 cm cikin tsawon kuma 5 cm a fadin. Game da namo a al'ada, kadan an sani.

Cypress

Bishiyoyin itatuwan Conpress na iyalin Cypress suna wakiltar bishiyoyi da shrubs. Ana samun tsire-tsire a wurare da dama da wurare masu tasowa: a cikin Sahara, Sin, Arewacin Amirka, Himalayas, Rumuniya, Caucasus, da Crimea. Cypress yana da ƙwanƙwasaccen ɗan gajeren ƙwayar ko ƙira mai maƙalli, kambi na pyramidal ko a siffar mazugi, mai laushi launin toka mai launin toka, launin ruwan kasa yayin da yake girma da ƙananan furrows. Rashin rassan sun fi dacewa a fili game da gangar jikin, akwai alamar ruwa, misali, kuka Cypress.

Bar a cikin dukan nau'in guga man zuwa rassan, m. Gidan gidan gidan Cypress, watau, yana iya kaiwa ga gurbataccen mutum. Mace yana da karar ɗan gajeren motsi, zagaye ko mai kyau a siffar, mai haske, launin ruwan kasa ko grayish, tsawon kwakwalwan ya kai kimanin 3 cm. Cones mata suna da sanda wanda aka rufe da Sikeli cewa, lokacin da balagagge, ɗaukar nau'i. Kowane garkuwa ya ƙunshi daga 8 zuwa 20 winged launin ruwan kasa tsaba.

Cypress tabaguwa ko talakawa. Itacen itace tartsatsi a kudancin Turai da kuma yankunan yammacin Asiya. A karkashin yanayin yanayi yana girma zuwa mita 30, yana girma da sauri. Crohn sau da yawa sprawling, amma wani lokacin pyramidal. A needles ne kore-blue, tam guga man zuwa ga rassan. Girashi mai launin ruwan kasa har zuwa 3 inimita a diamita. Cypress ne Mexica ko Louisiana. Itacen wannan jinsin bishiyar bishiyoyi ne mai daraja a Mexico a matsayin kayan gini. Jinsin ya fi son gandun daji na dutsen da kuma dutsen dutsen. Abin sha'awa, da farko masarautar da suka bayyana Cypress na Mexico, sun ɗauki shi don itacen al'ul. Cypress McNaba. Wannan jinsin ba shi da masaniya, rashin tausayi, saboda yana da sanyi kuma yayi alkawarin ga latitudes tare da yanayin sanyi. Waɗannan itace bishiyoyi masu banƙyama tare da kambi mai shinge masu linzami, daga mita 5 zuwa 15. Tare da girma girma ɓangaren ba shi da danda, kamar yadda rassan sun faɗi ƙasa.

Pine

Irin itatuwan pine sun hada da: Pine, spruce, cedar, fir, larch, hemlock. Yawancin su, banda larch, sun kasance masu tsauri tare da haushi. Haushi yana iya zama tare da Sikeli ko ƙananan raunuka. Pine shuke-shukin pine suna da ƙanshi mai suna, tar. Kusan dukkanin jinsuna suna da rassan rassan da ke kaikaice, an rufe shi da needles. Needles iya girma a bunches da layuka. Hannun da aka bunkasa sun hada da maza da mata. Mai launin rawaya ko ja, wanda aka samo shi a ƙarshen reshe, wanda aka sani. An tattara kwakwalwan mata a cikin sutura kuma suna dauke da nau'in fure-fure ba tare da harsashi mai laushi ba.

Pine na kowa ne a Turai da Asiya. Matsakaicin matsayi na tsabar gari yana daga mita 25 zuwa 40, wasu samfurori na girma har zuwa mita 50. Ana amfani da Pine don samar da éthanol, rosin da mai mai mahimmanci. Alamun masu ban sha'awa: Glauca, Globosa Viridis, Aurea, Beuvronensis, Bonna, Candlelight, Viridid ​​Compacta, Alba Picta, Albyns, Blue Chantry.

Siberian itacen al'ul itace itace har zuwa mita 40 tare da babban kambi kuma mai karfi mai tushe. Gurbin yana madaidaiciya, ko da ba tare da furrows na launin toka-launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ba. Gurasar suna da duhu mai duhu, tsawon lokaci zuwa 14 cm Cedar yana fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 60 na rayuwa. Girma mai zurfi 13 cm kuma 8 cm a cikin zagaye, kwakwalwan zinare sun zama launin ruwan kasa yayin da suke girma. Duk da marigayi fruiting, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da ban sha'awa - har zuwa kilo 12 na kwayoyi daga itacen daya. Siberian itacen al'ul yana zaune a cikin yanayin taya na Siberia.

Shin kuna sani? A Arewacin Amirka, suna girma Pine, wanda shine sunan shugaban karshe na kabilar Aztec na kabilar Montezuma. Jagoran yana son yin ado da gashinsa da guraben wannan kayan coniferous. Tsawon buƙatun na Pines na Montezuma, ko White Pine, yana da centimita 30.
Wani shahararren wakilin pine bishiyoyi itace fir. Wadannan suna da dogon lokaci mai tsawo, tare da ƙananan kamfanonin pyramidal, mai laushi masu launin toka da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda aka adana resin. Fir yana shahara sosai a zane-zane. Alal misali, falagar balsam an san ta a al'adun tun 1697. Yawancin nau'in bishiyoyi ba su da sanyi, ban da wakilan da suke zaune a yankuna taiga. Popular iri sun hada da:

  • Nana ne dwarf iri-iri, tare da kambi a siffar ball mai laushi, tare da gilashi mai launin kayan ado. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma, ci gaban itacen itace kawai rabin mita;
  • Piccolo - iri-iri ya fi karami fiye da Nana, siffar kambi ba daidai ba ne, yana kama da ƙananan iri-iri. Dole ne girma girma, fentin launin toka-kore.

Podokarpovye

Daga cikin jinsunan conifers akwai iyali tare da sunan Bamokarpovye maras kyau. Tsire-tsire na wannan jinsin kamar girma a cikin yanayi mai dumi da dumi, sau da yawa a cikin yankunan da bahar ruwa. Yankin rarraba yana da yawa: Amurka ta Kudu, Philippines, Afrika, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Tasmania, India, Mexico, Japan da China. Waɗannan itace bishiyoyi ko shrubs tare da tsayin daka mai karfi, wani lokaci akwai rassan cikin bushes. Tsarin mawaki ne karamin takarda ko majijiya, sau da yawa yana fuskantar. Tsire-tsire suna da yawa sau da yawa. Kwancen mata suna da guda ɗaya, sau da yawa ba tare da harsashi ba. Maza na maza suna da asali ko a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi a cikin 'yan kunne. Irin waɗannan iyalai sun san:

  • Phyllocladus itace itace har zuwa mita talatin.
  • Dacridium Fonk - shrub ba fiye da mita ba.
  • Dacridium sako-sako da-leaved - dwarf shrub, yakan daga ƙasa ta 5-6 cm.
  • Dacridium cypress - itacen har zuwa 60 cm, tare da katako mai haske zuwa mita daya da rabi a diamita.
  • Sakamakon kawai na iyalin Dacridium shine Parasitaxus, wanda ke zama a New Caledonia, yana nunawa a kan tsintsiya da asalin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.

Scyadopitis

Dukkan sani game da waɗannan bishiyoyin coniferous suna tattarawa a cikin jinsin daya - Scyadopitis, wanda nau'in jinsuna ne kawai ya wakilta - Scyadopitis, wanda aka yi. Wannan itace itace mai banƙyama tare da kambi na pyramidal, na bakin ciki rassan, m gashi ba tare da furrows. Itacen ya kai mita arba'in. Jaka yana da nau'i biyu: ƙananan, kunkuntar, lanceolate ganye da ƙananan ƙura. Shuka monoecious. An haɗu da furanni a cikin ƙwayoyin fure-fuka a matakai na rassan, furanni na mace suna girma gaba ɗaya, kowanne yana da yara 7-9. Tsuntsuna mai tsawo - 12 cm, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, tare da zagaye gefuna na Sikeli. Tsaba, kunshi cotyledons biyu, winged.

Abin sha'awa An samu nasarar shuka wannan shuka a kasashe da yawa. An gabatar da Scyadopitis zuwa Burtaniya a rabi na biyu na karni na 19, a kan Kogin Black Coast da suka koya game da tsire-tsire a 1852, lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin lambun Botanical na Nikitsky. An dasa shuka a Potsdam, Baden-Baden da sauran birane na Turai.
A cikin gida na shuka, a Japan, cututtuka suna girma a yanayin yanayi - wuraren shakatawa da kuma gandun daji, da kuma a matsayin tukunyar tukunya.

Yew

Yawancin wakilan kiw - evergreens. Yews lambar fiye da ashirin nau'in conifer. Yana da wuya a ba su cikakken bayani, sabili da haka zamu yi la'akari da shahararrun shahararru iri-iri.

Kwaran bishiya itace itace, mai tsawo zuwa mita 28, tare da haushi mai laushi, rassan sunyi girma, suna rufewa da taushi, ƙwayoyin kore mai duhu. An shuka tsire-tsire ne saboda jikinsa mai jan nama a kusa da tsaba, kama da berries. Yew Berry - dioecious shuka. Yew ya girma a Afirka a arewa maso yamma, Iran, Asiya, Rasha, Turai, Carpathians, Kuriles da tsibirin Shikotan, a Caucasus. Ana amfani da ɓangaren ƙudan zuma a matsayin kayan abinci mai mahimmanci don kwayoyi.

Hankali! Ba a dasa Yew a cikin lambun ba, ba ya jure wa saltsi mai nauyi, kowane gurbataccen muhalli, zai iya mutuwa idan yayi da yawa.
Kanada Kanada - ƙananan shrub, har zuwa mita daya da rabi a tsawo kuma girman fadin - mita 2.7. Rassan sunyi girma da tsayayye, ƙwayar itace kadan har zuwa 2 cm tsawo kuma daidai a cikin nisa, tip na launi leaf yana da kaifi, ƙananan ganyayyaki na fata sun takaice kuma suna da haske. Launi na lakaran ganye yana da duhu. An rarraba a Kanada da arewacin arewacin Amurka. Yew spiky na girma a cikin yanayi har zuwa mita 20, a gida yana girma da yawa sau da yawa tare da daji. Branches na skeletal tsarin, tashe ko sujada. Ganye suna kunkuntar tare da tsakiya mai tsinkaye, tsawon - har zuwa 2 cm, nisa - 3 mm. Takaddun takarda sun raguwa zuwa tip, duhu kore. A cikin yanayin yanayi yana girma a Far East, Korea, Japan, China. An gina shi tun 1854.

Yaku ne matsakaici - yana da bred na matasan gonar lambu, iyaye suna da kiɗa da kiw da aka nuna. Wannan jinsin an bred a Amurka a 1900. Yana da alamun duka al'adun kyauta: siffar ganyayyaki, maɗaurar tsakiya mai mahimmanci a kan farantin, tsarin tsarin rassan. Winter-hardy. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a wurare masu zane-zane suna da banzawa: a lokacin kaka, lokacin da duk abin da yake baƙar fata da baƙin ciki, ko kuma a cikin hunturu a kan fari, wadannan tsire-tsire suna murna da ido tare da kananan tsibirin kore. Bugu da ƙari, ra'ayin kirki game da tsire-tsire, akwai kuma amfani da muhalli: rassan hony suna sanannun suna iya "tsaftace" sararin samaniya a kusa da su.