Shallot ko Ashkelon shine shuka na zamani wanda ke cikin gidan albasa. An yaba masa saboda ɗanɗano haskensa da ƙanshin rashin ƙanshi.
Bayanin shallot da bambanci daga albasa
Shallot nau'in albasa ne. Ya kuma san shi a ƙarƙashin wasu sunaye: Alexandria, dankalin turawa, dangi, tsirrai. Gida ita ce Gabas ta Tsakiya (Palestine), inda aka santa da mai ƙaura. A cikin Turai sun sami rarrabewa bayan ƙarni XIII.
Wannan itace shekara biyu da shuka. Shallots ana halin sanadin farkon girki, babban aiki da kuma juriya sanyi. Ka tattara roman ɗin sa kuma ka yi amfani da alkalami. A cikin shekarar farko, suna shuka tsaba don shuka saitin albasa, kuma an dasa shi a shekara ta biyu. Wani gungu na yara (5-20 inji mai kwakwalwa.) An kafa shi daga zuriya ɗaya, sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar shi ɗan itace ne. Kowane kwan fitila ya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa na 200-300 g, kuma daga m2 zaku iya tattara kilogiram na 3-4 na turnip kuma har zuwa 5 kilogiram na kore mai girma.
An bambanta Shallot ta babban abun ciki na bitamin C, kasancewar B, PP da ma'adanai K, Mg, Fe, S a ciki .. Amfani da albasarta na taimakawa wajen inganta rigakafi, hana kamuwa da sanyi kuma yana da tasirin maganin rigakafi. Yana da amfani a yi amfani da shi don ƙarfafa tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, taɓar da narkewar abinci, da tasiri mai kyau akan tsarin samuwar jini.
Yana da lahani don amfani da adadi mai yawa. Akwai contraindications.
Shallot nasa ne da albasarta, amma ya bambanta da masu zuwa:
- Karami kuma mafi elongated siffar a turnips. Fuka-fuka-fukain da aka yada sosai. Better adana.
- Yana tsiro. A cikin kwan fitila, bangarorin da ke tare da primordia ana gani, ba zobba.
- Launi na turnip ya dogara da yankin girma. A cikin yankuna na arewacin yana da ɗanɗano launin shuɗi da haushi cikin ɗanɗano. A cikin yankuna na kudanci - lilac.
- Yana yarda da ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin watanni bazara, ba ya shiga cikin kibiya nan da nan, kamar albasa.
- Na farko, ana kafa tushen tushe, sannan kawai a cikin yanayin dumi - greenery. Wannan fasalin yana ba ku damar shuka shi a cikin hunturu.
- Gashin tsuntsaye suna da dandano mai laushi wanda ke bawa piquancy zuwa jita-jita daban-daban.
- Ba shi da ƙanshi mai wari, ba ya haifar da ciwo a idanun lokacin yankan. M, mai dadi tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi, dandano wanda zai baka damar ɗanɗano shi sabo kuma a matsayin kayan yaji da kifi.
Iri daban-daban na shallot
Albasa iri sun kasu kashi uku, dangane da tsarin lokacinsu:
- da wuri
- matsakaici;
- latti.
Varietiesan farkon suna da ɗanɗano mai dandano mai laushi. Gida ya ƙunshi kwararan fitila 10.
Shredder
Bambanci a cikin launi na Lilac: ƙusoshin waje na waje - tare da ja, na ciki - tare da fari. Kyakkyawan gashin tsuntsu da farkon bakin ciki ya girma zuwa cm 35. Shugaban yana samar da siffar m har zuwa 10 cm a girman, 2.5 cm ko'ina.
Sarauniya farar fata
Haske mai fitila, da madara mai launi-cream. Yana ninka da sauri. Da wuya ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Ana iya adana shi na dogon lokaci.
Belozerets 94
Dry husk yana da launin shuɗi. Halin da babban yawan amfanin ƙasa, na ƙwarai dagewa da rigakafi ga cuta.
Yankin tsakiyar-iri
M kwararan fitila a cikin gida. Haɗin ɗanɗano ya dogara da iri-iri.
Airat
M, amma quite na yaji iyawa. Akwai kwararan fitila 5-7 a cikin gida. Round turnip da rawaya bakin ciki.
Nishadi
Mai sake dandano. An bambanta da albasa na zinare tare da farin ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Siffofin girma shallots
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yana fifita kwance, ƙasa mai dausayi tare da acidity na pH 6-7. Waɗannan sun haɗa da chernozem da cakuda yumɓu da yashi. Tabbatar da zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa. In ba haka ba, ana buƙatar malalewa mai kyau don magudanar su. Ana aiwatar da saukowa a kan tudu a wani yanki mai cike da hasken wuta. A inuwa ba kyawawa.
Tsaba ana jerawa. Kawai kwararan fitila an zaɓa don namo: diamita na 3 cm ake buƙata don turnip, idan fiye da 3, to sai a sami greenery da kibiya. Babban shuka zai sami lobules fiye da na matsakaici, amma sun ɗan ƙarami.
Masu baƙi da makwabta don shallot
Idan kuna buƙatar girbi mai kyau, to kuna buƙatar kula da tsire-tsire masu girma da suka gabata. Zai fi kyau shuka shallol bayan Peas, wake da wake. Kuna iya sanya shi a kan yanar gizon, idan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata wakilan nighthade, kabewa ko kabeji sun yi girma. Ba bu mai kyau zaɓi wurin da masara, sunflower, tafarnuwa ko beets suka girma ba.
Yayi matukar baci idan mai gyara shine karas. Zai fi kyau dasa shi a gefe don tsoratar da ƙwarƙasarar tashi.
Kuna iya sanyawa a kan gadaje kusa da: letas, radish ko strawberries.
Saitin wurin
Don saturate ƙasa tare da oxygen, don lalata kwari da ciyawa, dole ne a haƙa shafin har zuwa zurfin felu. Kafin wannan, yana da kyau a yi takin a m2: 3-4 kilogiram na taki ko takin, 15-20 g na superphosphate da urea, 45-80 g na itace ash. A cikin bazara, dole ne a kara nitrogen a wurin - 15-20 g a kowace m2. Lokacin dasa albasa a cikin fall, an shirya masa wuri a ƙarshen watan Agusta, idan aka dasa shi a cikin bazara, to a lokacin bazara.
Lokacin sauka
Mafi kyawun lokacin don sauka shine lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gaba ɗaya. Sabili da haka, a cikin yankuna na kudanci, albasa ƙarshen ƙarshen Fabrairu, da kuma layin tsakiya - tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Bayan kwanaki 30, fuka-fukan za su bayyana a kansa, kuma bayan 45-60 za a samu irin toshiya. An fi son dasa shuki lokacin da kwan fitila yake sosai kuma ba shi da kwari. A wata kwanan wata a cikin bazara - bazai ba da kyakkyawan ganye ba, amma tushen zai fara girma nan da nan.
Don samun gashin fuka-fukan, yana da kyau a shuka shallot a cikin hunturu kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, amma saboda kada ya fara girma cloves. A wannan yanayin, albasa za su faranta tare da kyawawan harbe a cikin bazara, ganye kuma zai bayyana a farkon lokacin bazara.
Shallot dasa fasaha
Wajibi ne a dasa shararrun shekaru biyu a jere: na farko tsaba, sannan kuma iri. Fasaha na wannan tsari kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance.
Sevkom
A ware duk saitin, yana barin kwararan fitila masu lafiya. Yana da kyau a zabi bisa ga girman: ba babba ba ƙarami - matsakaici. Dole ne a soya su a cikin tanda (40 ° C) ko sanya su a kan wuta mai zafi. Kuna iya zuba ruwa a zazzabi mai yarda.
An dasa su a cikin gadaje ko a gadoji, ba tare da matsi ba, amma an rufe su da ƙasa saboda ƙaramin fiɗa ne kawai suke fitowa. Don yin wannan, shirya tsagi ko rami (4-5 cm), barin nesa na 7-10 cm tsakanin su .. Lokacin dasa kaka, ƙara zurfin da nisan zuwa 20-30 cm.
Tsaba
Da oda daidai yake. Abubuwan suna daɗaɗa ta kunsa a cikin rigar zane tsawon awanni 48. Kar a basu izinin bushewa. An yi zurfin tsintsiya karami (3 cm) kuma an dasa shi bisa ga makirci na 7-8x20 cm.Idan kun aiwatar da hanyar a cikin bazara, to tsaba bai kamata a yi soaked ba.
Kulawa
Shallots, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, suna buƙatar aikin da ake buƙata don samun girbi mai kyau.
| Aiki | Ayyuka |
| Watse | Na yau da kullun, matsakaici. Ba ya buƙatar kasala mai taimako tare da adadin lokacin da ya dace. A cikin yanayin bushewa, ana aiwatar da shayarwa kowace rana 2-3. |
| Hanya | Mataki mai mahimmanci kafin bayyanar gashin fuka-fukan farko, as ciyayi a wannan lokacin na iya lalata tsiron. |
| Yanawa | Dawo tare da samuwar wuya ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa farfajiya. |
| Thinning | Gudanar da, idan ya cancanta, girma babban turnip. Yawancin lokaci ana yin su a tsakiyar bazara, cire ƙananan kwararan fitila. |
| Manyan miya | Bayan makonni 1.5-2 bayan tsiro, ana bi da su tare da maganin naman sa ko ciyawar tsuntsaye a cikin rabo na 1:10. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai (phosphate, nitric acid salts ko urea) - 10-15 g a kowace m2. Aka maimaita za a iya za'ayi tare da samuwar kwararan fitila. Sannan ana amfani da maganin potassium: 5-7 g a guga na ruwa. Dakatar da duk nau'in kwanaki 30 kafin girbi. |
Cutar da kwari
Albasa ba safai ake samun kwari da kwari da dama ba.
| Matsalar | Matakan magancewa |
| Wani farin tsiri fari mara nauyi kusa da gwal. | Nematode albasa karamin tsutsa ne. Yankin da aka yayyafa shi na min 2 a cikin maganin 4% na formaldehyde tare da methanol. Ana iya tsoma shi cikin ruwan zafi a 45 ° C. |
| Kyawun gashin gashin ya fara fari, wilts. Kwararan fitila rot. | Haske da albasarta mai launin toka mai tashi tare da dawo da kore. Yana fitar da ita karas a gaba. Kuna iya yadawa tsakanin layuka na tsutsa ko tansy. |
| Aphids fi son matasa harbe, tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace. | Fesa da dafaffen broth (chamomile, barkono mai zafi). Kuna iya amfani da magunguna na musamman. |
| Powdery mildew, fusarium, peronosporosis, rot na kasan | Cututtukan naman gwari. Ana kula da turnips masu lafiya tare da maganin kwari. Marasa lafiya suna halaka. |
Girbi da adanawa
Girbi ya fara bayan ganye ya zama mai wahala sannan ya fara jujjuya ɗan rawaya, sannan kuma ya jujjuya. Kafin wannan, tarin ba ya farawa, in ba haka ba za a adana matakan sharar ƙasa kuma zasu yi girma dazuciya. An girbe da sassafe a ranar bushewar rana da bushe yadda yakamata a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa. An yanke ganyayyaki daga kwararan fitila, sannan a juya su cikin gungu.
An tsare su a wuri mai duhu tare da samun iska mai kyau. Kuna iya barin ta a cikin raga har tsawon wata ɗaya ta hanyar ɗaura su a bango. Sa'an nan kuma an yanka albasarta kuma an cire ƙasa daga ciki.
Kuna iya adana nau'ikan tsakiyar da na ƙarshen shekara guda bayan tarin:
- a cikin kwalaye da aka yi da kwali ko itace;
- a cikin kwanduna;
- a kan shimfidar ƙasa a cikin firiji;
- a cikin kapron safa.
Kwakwalwa na buƙatar zazzabi na +8 ... +10 ° С, da tsaba + 15 ... +20 ° С. An kula da larurar zafi sama da kashi 60-70%.
Mr. Mazaunin rani ya ba da shawarar: kyawawan kaddarorin shalloon
Albasa ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka zama dole don lafiyar ɗan adam (bitamin, ma'adanai), don haka yin amfani da shi na yau da kullun na iya inganta ayyukan jiki. Yana da tasirin gaske masu zuwa:
- normalization da saukar karfin jini;
- ƙarfafa ganuwar bututun jini;
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- kara karfin juriya ga abubuwan waje;
- haɓaka ƙwayar gastrointestinal;
- lalata pathogenic flora;
- ingantaccen tasirin hangen nesa;
- kawar da gubobi;
- yana daidaita ingancin gashi da kusoshi.
M dandano da ƙamshi da ke akwai suna ba mu damar rarrabe ƙwararrun shayi kamar kayan masarufi kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin abincin Faransanci. An haɗa shi da ruwa, nama da kifin abinci a lokacin dafa abinci. Albasa za a iya sa a cikin marinade, daskararre ko bushe.
