Shuka amfanin gona

Alder: bayanin - iri da amfani

Alder - daya daga cikin tsire-tsire mafi yawan shuke-shuke a cikin yankuna. An yi amfani dasu a cikin gina da magani na gargajiya. Amma wannan itace zai iya rikita rikici tare da itace birch, wanda kuma yana da 'yan kunne. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci wane irin itacen alder ne kuma dalilin da yasa aka ba shi irin wannan zaɓi.

Bayanan Botanical

Alder ne tsire-tsire bichromatic, dan dangi na Birch. Wannan jinsin ya hada da shrubs da bishiyoyi, don haka masana kimiyya suna da adadin iri iri iri da iri-iri. Dabbobi iri iri ne black alder (Alnus glutinosa).

Wilha, kamar yadda ake kira shuka, itace bishiya ne wanda zai iya dacewa da wurare daban-daban. Ana fentin ganyen alder a cikin tabarau masu yawa, korera da kuma aiki a gefuna, kuma siffar su ya dogara da nau'in rayuwa. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shi ne sel na epidermis, wani ɗan ƙarami, wanda yake a kan rassan, ganye da buds. Wannan yanayin yana taimakawa wajen rayuwar shuka, amma ba ya yin aikin kariya daga kwari.

An kwatanta wannan shuka a matsayin "itace da 'yan kunne." Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a iyakar da harbe karu inflorescence ke tsiro. A cikinsu ne aka kafa pollen. Kwayoyin suna cikin ƙananan ƙumshi. Itacen yana da 'ya'yan itace - ƙananan nutlet.

Habitat

An rarraba itace a yankunan da suka fada cikin yanki. Har ila yau, mazaunin ya dogara da irin yanayin da ake shuka. Saboda haka, ana iya samuwa ko da a cikin duwatsu na kudancin Amirka.

Mafi sau da yawa, alder ke tsiro a ƙasa mai juyawa a cikin gandun daji. Gidansa yana kara zuwa tundra, wanda ke cikin yankin sauyin yanayi.

Za a kuma yi ado da shafin dinku tare da irin itatuwan ornamental kamar: ja itacen oak, jigon kwalliya, holly, ja maple, sea buckthorn.

Popular nau'in

Duk wani daga cikin mu yana da ra'ayi daban-daban game da irin yadda aljan ya dubi. Bayan haka, nau'in ya dogara da wurin girma. Jinsin yana da nau'in jinsin 40. Babban bambanci tsakanin bishiyoyi shine girma da ganye, don haka bari mu dubi hotuna daga cikin manyan mashahuran Alder.

Italiyanci

A cikin daji, yana girma a kudancin Italiya da Albania. Itacen itace marar kyau ga ƙasa, amma yawancin wuraren yana kusa da ruwa. "Italiyanci" ya kai mita 15-20 (mafi sau da yawa 25-28 m), ƙwayar katako ba ta wuce 1 m.

Wannan jinsin yana rikita rikice tare da aljihun zuciya. Amma an bambanta su, da farko, da suna (Alnus cordata - Italiyanci (zuciya-zuciya), Alnus subcordata - zuciya-tsalle); Abu na biyu, mazauni. Ganye a kan Italiyancin Italiyanci mai yawa ne, mai sassauci kuma zai iya riƙe har sai Disamba, suna da siffar daji kuma sun kai tsawon 12 cm, suna da kama da launi da kuma apricots.

M

Wannan shrub ya kai m 3 m tsawo. Habitat tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin Japan ne - Kyushu. Wind resistant, serrated ganye, oblong zuwa 12 cm a tsawon. Rassan suna da ƙananan kuma mai sauƙi, wani lokacin tare da murfin launin toka.

'Yan' yan Adam sukan haɗa kai har zuwa 7 cm. Tsire-tsire yana ci gaba a cikin yanayin sauyawa. Wood ne mafi wuya fiye da wasu nau'in.

Black

Black ne nau'i nau'i na nau'i. Har ila yau, an san shi ne na Turai saboda yanayin zama. Young ganye suna m, don haka sunan "m" kuma samuwa. Itacen zai iya samun ƙwanƙun biyu, ya kai mai tsawo na 35 m.

Rashin kambi ba lokacin farin ciki ba, amma a lokaci guda volumetric (12 m a diamita). Akwatin itace har zuwa 1 m a diamita kuma yana da haushi. Gudun ruwa yana faruwa a watan Afrilu. Itacciyar haske, wanda ya dace da rashin sassan jikin da ke da alhakin amfani da danshi.

Idan alder baƙar fata ke tsiro a cikin fadan ruwa, sai swamps alder zasu iya samuwa.

Visloplenaya

A cikin daji, irin wannan itace ke tsiro a kasar Sin. Amma yanzu ana iya samuwa a wurare da yawa na Ingila. Wannan itace ya bambanta da tsawo (har zuwa 40 m) kuma ya saukar da rassan. Ganye yana da tsawo da kuma kunkuntar, 'yan kunne sun zama marasa asali kuma sun kasance a cikin rassan ganye.

Kowane ɗayan jinsin zai iya shafar fungi, da 'ya'yan itace da varicella - ba banda bane. Magungunan tsuntsaye na tsuntsaye suna cutar da kullun mata kuma zasu iya haifar da girma. Wasu nau'ukan jinsin Tarfina suna samar da "'yan maƙaryaci" - gungu na kambi a ciki, yawanci kama da gida.

Shin kuna sani? A zamanin d ¯ a a Scandinavia, sunyi imani da irin wannan labari: an halicci wata mace, kuma an yi wani mutum na ash.

Grey

An samo tsofaffi mai juyayi a ko'ina cikin Turai, Arewacin Amirka da Asiya Ƙananan. A cikin daji, yana tsiro da sauri, yana da 'ya'ya sau ɗaya a shekara, amma yalwace, iska tana ɗauke da iska ko ruwa. Sau da yawa girma a cikin biyu tare da baƙi fata kusa da ruwa.

Har ila yau, a Siberia, tare da alder fluffy. Gwargwadon tsirrai yana da tsayi a cikin tsawo (20 m) tare da ƙaramin bakin ciki (har zuwa 50 cm a diamita). Itacen yana girma a wurare masu zafi, sanyi mai sanyi kuma yana fuskantar iska mai karfi saboda sassaucin rassan.

Ganye suna da tsutsa, m, m kuma har zuwa 10 cm tsawo. Grey Alder zai jure ruwan damuwa a cikin ƙasa. A kan yashi da yashi kasa ba a samuwa ba saboda rashin acidity da zafi.

Jafananci

Yawan jinsunan Japan suna zaune a duk gabashin gabashin Asiya. Differs a cikin rassan zaitun masu launi. Hawan shine misali (har zuwa 25 m). Crohn farin, taso keya. Ganyayyaki suna da wuya su daɗaɗa, sassauka kuma ba fiye da 12 cm ba.

Florescences na mace - har zuwa guda takwas a ƙarshen goge. Saboda gaskiyar cewa an ajiye ganye har sai da farko sanyi ya kasance sananne a cikin zane-zane.

Tekun

Ɗaya daga cikin shrubs, amma zai iya kai ga tsawo na itacen. Ma'anar wannan nau'in ba ya bambanta da na hali daya. Duk da haka, al'ada ya haɗa da jihohi na Arewacin Amirka. Rashin kambi ba mai yalwa ba ne, ɓangaren ya zama mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 10 m.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kuna so ku dasa wannan itace a yankinku, to, ku tuna cewa yana buƙatar karin ruwa da taki fiye da sauran itatuwa.

Heartworm

Za a iya samun Serdselistnuyu a Iran da Azerbaijan. Wannan jinsin ba ya jure wa hunturu. Babu kwayoyin da ke cikin tsarin kwakwalwa wanda ya rage yawan amfani da danshi. Abin da ya sa aka samo injin a kan wuraren kiwo.

Ganyayyaki suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa. Sai kawai waɗannan gandun daji inda mai girma mai laushi na zuciya zai iya zama a cikin kwarin kogin.

Green

Wannan jinsin yana samuwa a cikin yanayin sauyin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi. Shrub da sauri-girma tare da mai girma kambi. Sauƙi ya dace da kowane yanayi. Ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar sanyi, saboda yana girma har ma a Arctic.

An kira saurin alhakin sauƙi a matsayin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin birch da alder. Bayan haka, wannan nau'i kuma yana dauke da muhimmancin itace (a cikin Far East). 'Yan kunne Stamens sau da yawa sau ɗaya.

Ganyayyaki suna da tsummoki, tsananan m, duhu mai launi. A tundra, alder green zai iya fure har a Yuli Agusta.

Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da haushi da ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire a jikin adon dabbobi.

Shuka yana amfani

Dabbobi iri-iri na Wilha da ke rarraba a Arewacin Hemisphere suna ba da damar amfani da shuka a wurare da yawa. Bayan haka, itacen yana girma sosai da sauri kuma har ma a cikin mummunan daji yana cikin manyan yankunan.

Sauran ya hada da tannins. Godiya ga sassauci na gangar jikin, itace mai laushi ne da sauƙin aiwatarwa.

A cikin mutane magani

Haushi da ganyen bishiyoyi suna da masu amfani da astringents. Sabili da haka, za'a iya amfani da takarda mai laushi ga mai rauni don ya warke sauri. Har ila yau, za a iya cutar da ciwo tare da vodka cusion na cones ko 'yan kunne.

Jirgin yara na shuka yana taimakawa tare da maƙarƙashiya. Yin amfani da furanni na furanni, da aka fyauce a farkon farawa, zaka iya kawar da diathesis a cikin yara. A decoction na haushi taimaka wajen jimre wa ciwo a cikin ciki.

Don yin wannan, daga 15 g haushi tare da gilashin ruwan zãfi. Sa'an nan kuma bari sanyi da damuwa. Ɗauki kwanaki da yawa sau 3-4 a rana. Zai zama isa ga 1 teaspoon a lokaci ɗaya. Amma ka tuna cewa zalunta da aljan bazai taimaka ko yaushe ba ko zai kawar da bayyanar cututtukan kawai. Saboda haka, nemi taimako na likita.

A cikin tsarin shimfidar wuri

A cikin yanayin zane yana da kyau don amfani da shrubs a kudi na su decorativeness. Alder green - shahararrun jinsunan da aka samo a shafuka. Bayan haka, yana iya samun saukakawa zuwa yanayi daban-daban, musamman maɓoɓin ƙasa.

Matsalar yin amfani da zane-zanen yanayi shi ne kawai a cikin rashin iya saya seedlings ko bishiyoyi. Sabili da haka, binciken da ya dace da irin shuka zai iya dogon lokaci.

Duk da haka, alder ya tabbatar da dukkanin sojojin da kuka kashe, ba kawai tare da bayyanar ado ba, amma har da kulawa mara kyau. Kayan da aka dasa a matsayin tsire-tsire, tsire-tsalle ko shinge.

Ga shinge ma m: forsythia, privet, yew, turnberry barberry, daji roseberry, thuja, juya, boxwood, hawthorn.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku rushe don cire wilha gaba daya a kaka. Hakika, suna da arziki a cikin nitrogen. Zai zama isa ya yayata su a kusa da itacen kuma bari ya tafi.

A cikin masana'antu

Wood yana dauke da taushi da haske don yin kowane abu. Yana da tsari mai tsabta kuma bai ƙuƙƙasawa a yayin da yake zuga a cikin sutura. Yana da ƙarfin gaske lokacin da yake hulɗa da ruwa, saboda haka ya kasance ana amfani dasu a cikin rijiyoyin rijiyoyin, amma yanzu ana yin katako daga alder.

Amma mafi sau da yawa ana amfani da itace a cikin masana'antar kayayyaki. Har ila yau, ana amfani da haushin bishiyar don samar da dye.

Saboda haka, alder itace itace mai amfani. Dasa a cikin mãkircin ku, kawai kuna buƙatar kulawa da ciyayi na yau da kullum. Green ba ji tsoron rashin yanayin zafi, wanda ba za'a iya fada game da ruwa ba. Sabili da haka, a hankali zaɓar irin itace don yanayin hawan ka. Kada ka manta cewa akalla sau biyu a shekara ya zama dole don aiwatar da rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka. Lalle ne, saboda yanayin da yake da shi na halitta, itace yana iya zuwa ga fungi parasitic.