Shuka amfanin gona

Hanyoyi iri iri na "blue": blue tips on dasa shuki da kulawa

Ƙananan blue berries daga cikin blueberry marsh shrub sun dade da aka kafa a cikin abincin da mutane da yawa. Wadannan berries suna da amfani da yawa masu amfani.

Saboda haka, bishiyoyin daji sun fara fara noma da shuka a cikin gonar gonar. A cikin labarin za mu fada game da irin nauyin blueberry irin na "Mai ban mamaki", za mu ba da bayaninsa, bari muyi magana game da dokokin kulawa.

Bambancin bayanin

Blueberries ne heather bushes. Wannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire yana zaune a yankuna masu sanyi na Arewacin Hemisphere. An shirya iri iri-iri iri-iri na "mai ban mamaki" a cikin Kudancin Sijiyan Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences na Rasha.

Shin kuna sani? Mutane sunyi suna da suna da yawa - mashaya, gonobobel, ceded kabeji (pigeon), stinky, inabin inabi, tit.

Shrub

Shrub yana da matsakaici a cikin girman, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi, yada, tare da rassan rassan madaidaiciya. Ya ba da yawa matasa harbe, saboda haka pruning ne dole ne-hanya.

Ganye suna da tsaka-tsaka, gashi, fata. Furen suna girma, mai haske. Gashin bishiya shine gajeren, 5-7 berries. Gwaninta yana da juriya, yana kula da zafin jiki na -42 ° C.

Berry

A berries ne manyan, zagaye siffar, dan kadan flattened, duhu blue tare da Bloom. A berries suna da dandano mai dadi tare da sourness. Cikal yana bakin ciki, mai sauƙi, sauƙi lalacewa. Saboda haka, ajiya da sufuri na da wuya.

Shin kuna sani? Blueberries suna da amfani mai yawa. Yana rage matakan jini, yana sa numfashi ta fi sauƙi a yanayin ciwon makogwaro, yana aiki a matsayin mai diuretic da wakili. Kuma yana kara motsa jiki da jinin jini.

Fruiting fara a cikin shekara ta uku bayan dasa. Tare da daya daji za a iya tattara 1.5-1.6 kilogiram na berries.

Turawa da kwarewa

A gonar blueberry (abin da "Yarjejeniyar" iri-iri nasa ne) an propagated by seedlings da aka dasa a spring ko kaka. An dasa shi mafi kyau a cikin bazara - a lokacin rani seedlings zasuyi tushe, kuma hadarin daskarewa ga kananan shuke-shuke zai zama kadan.

Saukowa

Blueberry na bukatar sosai acidic kasa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don cirewa shi ne ɓangaren da yake ƙarƙashin tururi. Dole ne wurin ya kasance a gefen rana, kariya daga iska, da kyau sosai.

Berry zai yi girma sosai a kan peat kasa gauraye da yashi ko loam. Irin wannan ƙasa za a iya ƙirƙirar a ƙarƙashin kowane daji tare da taimakon peat da peat substrate.

A wannan yanayin, yi hankali tare da malalewa kuma saka duwatsu a kasa na rami mai saukowa. Dasa shuka ba taki. Ba a buƙatar su ba tukuna. Landing a cikin peat tukwane. Tushen tushen bishiyoyi na blueberry yana da damuwa, kuma shuka mai kyau ba zai iya haifar da juyawar daji ba.

Don hana mutuwa, ƙaddara akwati tare da shuka don minti 10-15 cikin ruwa. Bayan wannan, knead da earthy clod kuma daidaita da tushen. Sapling dasa a cikin wani rami, watering da mulching.

A lokacin da dasa shuki, yanke katako: cire masu rauni gaba daya, masu kyau - yanke su cikin rabi. Bugu da ƙari ƙara tsafta bayan dasa ba a buƙata ba.

Kula

Blueberries ƙaunar m ƙasa. Tana buƙatar ruwan sha, musamman ma a farkon shekara ta girma. Duk da yake sapling ba ya da tushe, ruwa da shi kowace rana. A nan gaba, kawai kiyaye ƙasa m.

A cikin zafi zafi, watering yi kowane kwana biyu. Kada ka bar ƙasa ta bushe. Amma ya kamata a kauce wa damuwa daga ruwa. Yi hankali da malalewa lokacin dasa shuki a seedling.

A lokacin rani zaka buƙaci sau da yawa a kowace kakar don sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 10 cm ba. Dole ne ya zama dole don kada ya lalata tushen bishiyoyi.

Mulch ping circles. Wannan hanya yana ba ka damar ci gaba da haɗi cikin ƙasa, zai ajiye a cikin hunturu daga misãlin. Yana da kyawawa don yin Layer na ciyawa game da 10-15 cm A matsayin kayan don mulching, sawdust, peat, takin zai yi. Dole ne a yadad da waƙoƙi na Pristvolnye da aisles lokaci-lokaci. Zaka iya shuka masu rukuni a layuka. Wannan zai kare gonar ku daga weeds, kuma ya ba da ƙarin kariya ga tushen tsire-tsire, kuma zai zama abu mai kyau don mulching.

Blueberries amsa sosai zuwa ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Ku kawo su a cikin bazara, lokacin kumburi da kodan. Zai fi kyau yin ammonium sulfate, potassium da tutiya, magnesium sulphate, superphosphate.

A farkon matakai na girma bushes bukatar nitrogen da takin mai magani. An yi sau uku a farkon shekara ta ci gaba: a cikin bazara na kashi 40% na shekara-shekara, a watan Mayu, kashi 35%, a farkon Yuni, 25% (game da 70-90 g na takin mai magani da shuka).

Tare da irin wannan abinci har sai bazara, ba za ka iya damu game da takin mai magani ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan sun kai shekaru biyu, ana iya soke takin mai magani. Za su ba da karuwa mai girma a cikin duhu, amma fruiting zai deteriorate.
Ana amfani da samfurin sararin samaniya a cikin adadin 100 g ta daji sau biyu a kowace kakar. Ana amfani da takin mai magani na Magnesium kullum a cikin 15 g da shrub. Potassium da zinc - a madadin 2 g da shuka.

Pruning matasa bushes ba zai iya yi. Sai kawai a cikin idon ruwa cire rauni da rassan da aka lalace.

Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yin pruning tsufa. Zaka iya share duk tsoffin harbe a wani lokaci, amma sai ka rasa amfanin gona don shekaru 2-3. Hanya na biyu shine a datsa rabin rassan a cikin shekara guda, da rabi na biyu a cikin shekara.

Kariya akan cututtuka da kwari

Blueberries kusan ba shan wahala daga cututtuka da kwari.

Kwayoyin fungal sukan lalace ta hanyar shuke-shuke - bushewa da rassan, rawaya mai laushi, monilioz 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi yawan cututtuka na cututtukan fungal shine stagnation na ruwa saboda hakkoki na fasaha na ban ruwa.
Don prophylaxis, fesa rassan da ganye tare da cakuda Bordeaux a cikin bazara. Kuma ciyar da magani na kwayoyi irin su "Topaz", "Topsin", "Fundazol." Jiyya don jiyya yana yin sau biyu ko sau uku tare da hutu na mako guda.

Daga cikin kwari, da May beetles, aphids, da kuma silkworm aika mafi girma cutar. Cikakke berries suna cin nama ne da tsuntsaye.

An yi amfani da tsirrai da ƙwaƙwalwan hannu ta hannu da kuma halakarwa. Don rabu da sauran kwari, yaduwa bushes "Karbofos", "Aktellikom." A matsayin rigakafin rigakafin ciyarwa a cikin bazara da kuma bayan girbi da berries. Ana yin maganin bayan an gano kwari a kan ganye.

Daga tsuntsaye suna taimakawa lafiya-raga, shimfiɗa kan bishiyoyi.

Abũbuwan amfãni da disadvantages na blueberry "ƙarfin zuciya"

Abubuwan da aka samu daga "iri-iri" sun hada da manyan berries, matsanancin yanayin hunturu, yawan amfanin ƙasa, babban abun ciki na bitamin. Rashin haɓaka da wasu shimfiɗawa ana kira ƙananan tsawo na daji. Blueberries "Mai ban mamaki" - mai matukar amfani da dadi Berry. Shuka shi a kan mãkirci, ba zai ba ka matsala ba, amma zai samar maka da bitamin da dadi mai dadi.