Greenhouse

Features da halaye na masana'antu greenhouses

Gidaran masana'antu shine lambun da ake kira dakin lambu, watau, babban ginin da aka tsara don samar da yanayin da ake bukata don girma shuke-shuke.

Manufar da fasali

Suna amfani da masana'antun masana'antu a gonar don amfanin gonaki daban-daban da wasu kayan irin wannan a cikin lokacin da ba zai iya girma a cikin gonaki ko lambuna ba. Yanayin irin wannan lambun da aka rufe a wasu lokutan yakan kai 1000 m2, kuma tsawo yana kimanin 7 m. Wadannan dabi'u sun ƙayyade fasaha ta greenhouse. Akwai dalilai masu yawa da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su akan fasahar gina gine-ginen masana'antu, tun da yake suna tasiri sakamakon karshe na aiki:

  • rike da zafin jiki da ake buƙata a babban girma na shuka;
  • ta amfani da kayan aiki masu dacewa don samarwa da kuma sarrafa haske da dumama;
  • adana abubuwan sigogi masu dacewa don aiki a cikin yanayin amfani da kayan kayan da za'a samar da ita;
  • gyaran farashi ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki.
Wadannan dalilai suna da muhimmanci ga kayayyaki na yanayi har ma da tsire-tsire masu aiki don tsawon shekara.

Irin greenhouses

Don tabbatar da ingantaccen samar da samfurori na samfurori, wanda yake da mahimmanci daga sababbin tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouses, yana da mahimmanci don yin zabi mai kyau na irin greenhouse. Za'a iya rarraba masana'antu na zamani na cikin gida a cikin nau'o'i iri daban-daban bisa ga irin waɗannan ka'idodin: yanayin aiki, siffar da girmansa, zane, fasaha na girma shuke-shuke, fasaha fasaha.

Dangane da aikin

Dangane da yanayin amfani da greenhouse, sun kasu kashi biyu:

  1. Yanayi - Tsarin da ke aiki daga Maris har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Irin wannan aikin yana da sauƙi kuma maras tsada. Duk da haka, a cikin hunturu, kasar gona a cikin yanayi na greenhouses kyauta, kuma a sakamakon, zai iya zama ƙasa da m a cikin 'yan shekaru;
  2. Shekarar shekara - masana'antu don bunkasa shuke-shuke, wanda zaka iya samun amfanin gona a kowane lokaci na shekara. A matsayinka na mulkin, ana bukatar kudi mai yawa don gina irin wannan greenhouses. Duk da haka, yanayin halayen kayayyaki na shekara shekara ita ce riba da biya a cikin gajeren lokaci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ginin gine-gine na shekara guda don samar da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci kuma yana haifar da samun ƙarin sarari don yawan kayan aiki.

By size da siffar

Hanyar gina gine-ginen masana'antu yana nuna saurin matakai a ci gaban gine-ginen: zane zane, yin tsarin tsari, aiki tare da ƙasa, gina harsashi, rufe, shigar da kayan aiki na ciki. Tun da yake wannan zane-zanen masana'antu, kuma ba gidan rani ba ne, don gina shi, muna bukatar taimakon masu sana'a wanda zai taimaka wajen samar da cikakken aikin da zane zane. Don fara ci gaba da aikin, yana da muhimmanci don ƙayyade girman da siffar tsarin.

Girman masana'antun masana'antu suna rabu zuwa ƙananan, matsakaici da babba, a gaba ɗaya, girman ya dogara ne da sikelin aikin samarwa. Dangane da nau'i, an raba su zuwa:

  • Lines na tsaye Yawancin wuraren da ake amfani da su a madaidaiciya sun fi dacewa don manufofin masana'antu, tun da sun kasance mafi sauƙi kuma sun fi kowa a duniya dangane da ɗaukar hoto.
  • Arched. Irin waɗannan sifofin ba mawuyace ba ne, saboda suna da matukar tsayayya ga iskar iska mai ƙarfi, tsayayya da yawan hawan hazo. Ta zabar wannan zaɓin, zaka iya rage amfani da kayan don shafa ba tare da rage yankin na tsarin ba.
  • Pointy. Sun bambanta da rufin da aka zana, wanda ba ya ƙyale sutura don tarawa kuma baya hana yin shiga cikin hasken rana.
  • Dvukhskatnye. Ba sananne ba tsakanin masana masana'antu, tun da irin wannan ya kamata ya jimre wa nauyin nauyi, kuma wannan yana buƙatar filayen mafi dacewa. Wannan nau'i ne m arki a sikelin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Akwai wasu ka'idodi na daidaitaccen gine-gine da suke da alaka da mahimman bayanai. Ga wa] annan gine-ginen dake arewacin kilomita 60 na arewa, latsawa zai zama mafi tasiri, a kudancin - wanda ya kasance mai girma.

By zane

Rufi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina gine-ginen masana'antu. Mafi sau da yawa don irin waɗannan masana'antu suna amfani da nau'o'i biyu:

  • Gilashin Gidan gine-gine da aka yi da gilashi suna nuna sauti mai haske, wanda yana da tasiri a kan tsire-tsire kuma, daga bisani, a kan amfanin gona. Abubuwan amfani da gilashi akan wasu kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gina gine-gine sun haɗa da kyawawan kayan haɓakaccen thermal na wannan abu da kuma farashi maras kyau. Duk da haka, gilashin yana da yawan abubuwan da suka jawo hankalin su. Na farko shi ne nauyin nauyi wanda ba kowane bangare na iya tsayayya. A cikin gilashin gilashi, iska tana da sauri sosai, wanda shine amfani kawai a cikin hunturu, a kowane lokaci na shekara irin wannan gilashin gilashi ne mai dadi, saboda sakamakon overheating zai iya zama asarar amfanin gona, a cikin sashi ko cikin duka. Har ila yau, wannan abu yana da wuyar gabatarwa a kan tayin, don haka, yin gyaran gilashi, yana da daraja ƙididdige kome da kyau sosai.
  • Cellular polycarbonate. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun abu, wanda ba abin mamaki bane, domin samar da kayan lambu na polycarbonate yana da amfani da dama: kyakkyawan maɗaukaki na thermal; ƙananan kuɗi na rike yanayin da ake so; watsawa na hasken ultraviolet mai tsanani ga tsire-tsire; durability na tsarin; Kyakkyawan aminci na wuta (idan kayi amfani da gilashi, filayen yafi kyau don yin katako, wanda zai iya haskakawa); ƙarfi; Ƙananan farashin kayan aiki na greenhouse; low nauyi, sabõda haka, gudun aikin shigarwa ya fi yadda da gilashi. Abubuwan da ba a iya amfani dasu: haske mai haske - 85-90%, wanda ya rage ƙasa da gilashin.
Shin kuna sani? Matakan farko na rufewa da kare kasa - abin da ake kira greenhouses, wanda ya bayyana a Faransa a karni na 16, an yi su ne da gilashi, tun da gilashi a wannan lokaci shine kawai kayan da yake samarwa haske.

Ta hanyar bunkasa fasaha

  • Ƙasa (ƙasa) / marar kyau. Ana amfani da gine-gine na ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, la'akari da halaye da bukatun wasu nau'in shuka. Ƙananan bambance-bambance a amfani da hanyoyin hydroponic ko hanyoyin mairoponic ba tare da gauraye ƙasa ba.
  • Rack / bestillazhnye. A cikin rack version na al'ada girma a kan shelves, sanye da allon. Wani zaɓi - bestelazhny lokacin da tsire-tsire suke a ƙasa.
  • Hydroponic / aeropic. Yin amfani da fasaha na greenhouse hydroponic, ana bunkasa tsire-tsire a wuri mai mahimmanci na gauraye na gina jiki, wanda ya sanya nauyin talla mai mahimmanci, wanda yake aiki da aikin gona. Hanyar hanyar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ba ta samar da yin amfani da kowane abu ba. Maimakon haka, suna amfani da baka tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo, inda aka gyara tsire-tsire.

Koyon yadda zaka shuka amfanin gona na strawberries, cucumbers, tumatir, ganye a cikin hydroponics.

A kan hanyar fasaha

  • Kiwo.
  • Kayan lambu
  • Haɗa.
  • Flower.
Shin kuna sani? An yi imani da cewa greenhouses da nufin don girma furanni suna biya kashe mafi sauri. Bayan shekara guda bayan wannan aikin, wannan gona yana aiki tukuru.

Ƙarin kayan aiki na greenhouse

Saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin lambun da aka rufe, tsire-tsire ba su ji wani tasiri na waje (ruwan sama, iska mai zafi) ban da hasken, dole ne a tabbatar da kowane yanayi tare da taimakon na'urori na musamman. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da kayan kayan gine-gine ta musamman. Zai fi kyau saya shi a lokaci guda a matsayin kayan aikin ginawa, tun lokacin shigarwa kayan aiki masu dacewa da duk sadarwa ke faruwa a duk tsawon aikin.

Na farko, wajibi ne don kula da wani tsarin mulki a greenhouses. Maganin wannan matsala ita ce shigar da kayan inganci don dumama, a matsayin mai mulki, masu tanadi da haɓaka mai kyau. Cikakkar iya zama iska, gas ko kuka. Abu na biyu, kowa ya san gaskiyar cewa bayan ya kai yawan zazzabi na dakin jiki na 40 ° C, tsire-tsire sun zama baƙi kuma nan da nan sun mutu. Sabili da haka, a cikin lambun da aka rufe ya zama tsarin iska wanda ba zai haifar da canjin zafin jiki ba. Wadannan su ne, na farko, kwari da kuma hanyoyi da ke kewaye da dukan wuraren da ginin yake. Dole ne a sanya su a cikin wani ɓangare na ginin gine-gine, don haka iska mai sanyi, ta shiga cikin ciki, ta ci gaba har sai ta kai ga tsire-tsire. Abu na uku, tun da adadin ruwa yana daya daga cikin nau'o'in girbi mai kyau, wajibi ne a shigar da tsarin tsarin shuke-shuken, wanda ya hada da atomatik, subsurface da drip irri na greenhouse. Dole ne a bayar da shi don shigarwa da shigarwa tare da farashinsa, wanda ke ba ka damar sarrafawa da adana ruwa da taki. Ana buƙatar tsarin tsawaita. Kayan aiki don masana'antu greenhouses ya kamata ya haɗa da tsarin samar da kayan lantarki, ba tare da abin da yake dacewa da tsire-tsire ba. Wadannan al'adu, waɗanda sukan girma a cikin lambun da aka rufe, suna buƙatar haske mai kyau a kalla 9-10 hours a kowace rana. Rage tsawon hasken rana a cikin fall ba kyau ga tsire-tsire, don haka a lokacin wannan lokacin da aka yi amfani da haske mai amfani sosai.

Haskewa a cikin masana'antu greenhouses sun hada da lokacin da tsire-tsire ba su da haske na halitta, saboda haka kara hasken rana. A matsayinka na mulkin, an kafa hasken artificial a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma ana amfani dashi da maraice, da safe da kuma lokacin hadari. A zabar fitilu don haskaka wata gonar inuwa ta masana'antu, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da abin da ake nufi da tsire-tsire. Masana sun bayar da shawarar samar da kyamara, haɓakaccen haɓaka da kuma fitilu na sodium.

Gina gine-ginen masana'antu yana da tsada da wahala. Idan, la'akari da sakamakon da ake so, don la'akari da duk muhimman bayanai da kuma zabi nau'in da ya dace, siffar, kayan don gine-ginen, irin wannan tsari ya gaggauta biyawa kuma ya taimaka wajen riba. A yau yawancin kayan da ake amfani dashi don gina masana'antu greenhouses - polycarbonate.

Yi haɓaka kanka tare da siffofin yin amfani da fim mai karfafawa ga greenhouses, dalilin da ya sa kake buƙatarta da kuma yadda za a zabi wani shading net, babban nau'in fim na greenhouse.

Duk da haka, kayan abu na greenhouse da tsire-tsire kansu - wannan ba abin da ake buƙata don samarwa ya zama tasiri. Yana da muhimmanci a zabi da kuma shigar da kayan aiki na greenhouse. Ya kamata ya haɗa da dumama, hasken wuta, iska, shuke-shuken ruwa da kuma tsaftace ruwa.