Ta yaya kuma lokacin da ya kamata a ciyar da pear

Itacen itacen pear yana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, a wannan yanayin kawai zai girma da kyau, haɓaka da kuma hayayyafa. Tsirar ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wurare a cikin fasahar noma ta wannan al'ada. Yawan da abun da ke ciki na takin zamani, haka nan da hanyar aikace-aikacensu sun dogara da lokacin shekara da kuma matakin tsirrai. Yarda da ka'idodi da fasahar fasahar noma ne kawai zai ba ku damar shuka kyakkyawan itace kuma ku sami kyawawan fruitsan qualityan emi.

Babban nau'ikan takin zamani na ciyar da pears

Sau da yawa, lambu sun fi son yin ba tare da masu hakar ma'adinai ba, suna imani cewa zasu iya cutar da tsirrai da lafiyar ɗan adam. Amma a cikin rashin iko akan adadin takin gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su, amfanin su ba zai zama mai haɗari sosai fiye da amfanin agrochemicals ba. Idan kun bi umarnin da aka ba da shawara sosai, to takin mai ma'adinai a wasu yanayi zai kawo fa'idodi da yawa fiye da na halitta.

Nitrogen

An gabatar da sinadarin na Nitrogen na pear a lokacin bazara, wanda ya sa bishiyar ta samu lokacin girma da kambi mai lafiya, kuma a cikin kayan miya a lokacin rani - don tauye cigaban 'ya'yan itace. Rashin rashi na wannan abu a cikin itace yana kunshe wanda bai kai ba kuma yana ganye. Babu ƙaramar cutar da lalacewa ta hanyar gabatarwar ƙarin allurai na wannan kashi:

• karuwar haɓakar matasa, yayin da dukkanin rundunonin shuka ya kamata su je su ba da fruita fruitan itace;
• tara a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na yawan nitrates;
• tushen ƙonewa.

Lokacin ciyar da pears, dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen bisa ga umarnin. Wadannan sun hada da:

• urea
• niton ammonium;
• sulfate ammonium;
• nitrate nitrate (sodium nitrate).

Urea takin mai magani ne na nitrogen, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake yawan amfani dashi don hanawa da magance rashi nitrogen a cikin tsirrai.

Ana amfani da Urea don hanawa da kuma magance raunin nitrogen.

Phosphorus

A dabi'a, phosphorus kusan ba a samo shi ta hanyar mai tsire-tsire ba. Idan babu wannan kwayar, suna shakar talauci a cikin mara kyau; haɓaka mai kyau da haɓaka daga tushen sa, ciyawar itace da itinga ofan itace ba zai yiwu ba.

A takin gargajiya - taki, tsuntsu tsintsiya - phosphorus shima yayi kadan. Wannan yana haifar da amfani da mahaɗan ma'adinai phosphorus don tushen da kuma kayan miya na sama.

Don takin pears, ana bada shawara don ƙara superphosphate mai sauƙi ko sau biyu, gami da dutsen phosphate.

Da takin zamani a lokacin ma'adinin phosphorus yana da sinadarin phosphorus a wani tsari wanda tsire-tsire mai sauki ne kawai

Potassium

Ana buƙatar potassium musamman don pears matasa don haɓaka mai kyau da haɓaka. A cikin tsofaffin bishiyoyi, wannan kayan haɓaka rigakafi, yana taimakawa rayuwa fari fari da hunturu, kuma yana inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.

A matsayin tushen kayan miya, ana amfani da potassium a cikin bazara, saboda ta bazara da taki zai bushe gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa, kuma zai kasance ga tsire-tsire. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman ɓangare na kayan miya na foliar-potassium a lokacin bazara. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar da za a iya amfani da su (gaurayawar takin zamani) sune potassium sulfate, gishiri na potassium.

Ana amfani da sulfate na potassium da yawa don ciyar da peliar.

Cikakken takin zamani

Manyan abubuwan gina jiki (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) za'a iya gabatar dasu ta hanyar tsarin tsari guda-daya, wanda aka fasalta a sama, amma yafi dacewa ayi amfani da takin zamani da aka girka:

• nitroammophosco;
• nitrophosco;
• ammophos;
• dansandan.

Suna iya haɗawa da sinadarin magnesium da sulfur, da kuma abubuwan abubuwa iri-iri.

Spring spraying na kambi tare da hadaddun takin mai magani stimulates da girma na 'ya'yan itace itatuwa, karfafa tsarin na rigakafi, inganta fruiting. Ana amfani dashi don ciyar da bishiyoyi da manya.

Hoton hoto: takaddun takaddun takaddun takaddun

Tsarin gargajiya

Tsarin takin gargajiya - samfurin halitta na mahimmancin ayyukan rayayyun halittu, mai arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin tsari mai sauƙin digo na tsire-tsire. Hakanan suna tasiri cikin ƙasa, suna canza tsarinta da kunna ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Ga gogaggen lambu, ba wani asirin cewa pears fi son takin gargajiya.

Taki da humus

Taki cikakke ne na takin gargajiya wanda ya theunshi dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki da suke buƙatar shuka. Ammonia koyaushe yana cikin sabon abu, sabili da haka, gabatarwarsa a cikin ƙasa na iya lalata tushen itacen, musamman ga matasa pears uku.

Babu dalilin da ba za a iya kawo karkashin shuka sabo taki, kawai rotted.

//derevoved.com/udobrenie-i-podkormka-sada

Yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 2-3 don juya sabo taki zuwa miya mai kyau. Humus yayi kyau ga pears. Dangane da halaye na ƙasa, adadin takin da ake amfani da shi na iya zama 6-10 kg / m².

Humus ya ƙunshi yawan adadin abubuwan da suke bukata don shuka

Tsuntsayen Bird

Ana gabatar da irin wannan riguna na saman nitrogen kamar dusar tsinkayen tsuntsaye musamman a cikin bazara yayin haɓakar itace, takin ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ingantaccen taki yana iya ƙone asalin sa.

Domin kada ya cutar da tushen itaciyar, an yanke tukwane na kaji:

1. Kimanin kilogiram 1-1.5 na busassun kaji na bushe an sanya shi a cikin guga mai lita goma.
2. An ƙara ruwa 3-4.
3. Bar don 1-2 kwanaki don fermentation.
4. Sanya ruwa a gefen kuma hada sosai.

Irin wannan riguna na sama ba zai cutar da tushen bishiyoyin da ke lambun ku ba.

Idan an adana shi ba daidai ba, nitrogen a cikin zuriyar zuriyar dabbobi ya juya zuwa cikin ammoniya, don haka ya fi kyau a yi amfani da busasshen litter, ana ajiye nitrogen gabaɗaya a ciki.

Ana iya amfani da taki bushewa kai tsaye idan kun tsarma shi a ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:20.

Chicken droppings bazai amfani da sabo ga ƙasa ba.

Itace ash

Ash takin gargajiya ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke kara acidity na kasar, yayi nasarar maye gurbin mahadi. Bugu da kari, ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na micro da macro:

• alli
• magnesium
• baƙin ƙarfe
• sulfur;
• zinc.

Gilashin ash guda yana maye gurbin 10 g na kowane potash taki. Bayan amfani da abu, ingantaccen tasiri akan tsire-tsire ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 3.

Bayan aikace-aikacen ash ash, ingantaccen tasiri akan tsire-tsire ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 3

Spring-bazara ciyar pears

Tsarin tsari na riguna na bazara-rani ya ƙunshi tushe 3 da manyan riguna biyu na foliar:

• farkon bazara - tare da farkon farkawar kodan;
• bazara ta biyu - a cikin lokacin furanni;
• bazara ta uku - bayan faduwar inflorescences;
• rani foliar saman miya na pear - a ƙarshen Yuni;
• na biyu rani foliar saman miya - a watan Yuli.

Tsarin kaka

A cikin bazara, da zaran buds sun farka a cikin bishiyoyi, yana da kyau a ciyar da su.

Don riguna 3 na fari na pear, ana amfani da mahaɗan nitrogen waɗanda ke da amfani mai amfani ga ci gaban itacen:

• a farkon lokacin bazara, nitrogen yana taimakawa gina kambin lush;
• a cikin riguna na biyu na sama - yana haifar da samuwar inflorescences, wanda amfanin gona na gaba ya dogara;
• A cikin kayan miya na uku - yana hana faduwar ovaries kuma yana haɓaka ci gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci.

Main saman miya daga cikin pear ne da za'ayi ne kawai ta hanyar tushe.

Ana amfani da takin mai magani zuwa bishiyoyi na manya a cikin tsaran 20-30 cm zurfi, wanda aka yi tare da gefen kambi, bayan haka ana shayar da da'irar kwandon shara. Hakanan ana shigar da takin mai magani a cikin tsagi, ruwa yana biye da shi.

Bayan an yi miya babba, ana shayar da da'irar akwati

Don duk suturar tushen da aka za'ayi a cikin bazara, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan abubuwan da aka gabatar:

• 200 g na urea / 10 l na ruwa don pears na manya 2;
• 30 g na ammonium nitrate / 10 l na ruwa don pears 2;
• 500 g na tsintsaye tsuntsaye / 10 l na ruwa - nace a rana kuma a zuba 5 l a 1 pear;
• 80-120 g na urea (urea) / 5 l na ruwa, ruwa ɗaya itace;
• an gabatar da humus a cikin da'irar gangar jikin don tono a cikin nauyin 3-5 a kowace 1 m².

A cikin rigunan farkon bazara na farko, takin mai sauƙaƙe ma'adinai tare da nitrogen ana amfani da su sau da yawa. A cikin riguna na uku na uku, wanda za'ayi shi nan da nan bayan ƙarshen lokacin fure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takaddun takaddun takaddara, alal misali, 50 g na nitroammophoski / 10 l na ruwa a 1 m² na karar da'ira - kamar 30 l a 1 pear.

Ana amfani da takin gargajiya kamar sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 3, ana iya amfani da takin ma'adinai kowace shekara.

Ciyar da matasa pear, ciki har da wani 3 shekara

A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwa, ɗan akuya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a hadi da shi ba, tunda duk abubuwan da sukakamata an shimfiɗa su lokacin dasa. Ciyarwa yana farawa yana da shekaru uku kuma yana ma'ana tare da nitrogen, ma'adinai ko kwayoyin:

• Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinin nitrogen bisa ga umarnin. A cikin bazara, ana shigar da su kai tsaye cikin da'irar akwati, bayan sun tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 cm, a kusa da akwati an yanke ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm, don kar a cutar da tushen. Bayan haka, itaciyar tana shayar da ruwa sosai.
• Kwayoyin halitta - humus ko takin - an kawo shi cikin da'irar kusa-kusa, yana rufe itaciya mai kauri tare da cm 3-4.

Yawancin lokaci, a cikin umarnin don agrochemicals ma'adinai, ana ba da lissafin don 1 m². A lokaci guda, tushen tushen pear a lokacin yana da shekaru 2-4 shekaru ya kai 5 m², kuma ga itacen shekaru 6-8 shine 10 m².

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/#i-3

An fara daga shekara biyar, ana ciyar da pear kamar itacen girma.

Bidiyo: ciyar da pears a bazara

Miya ta bazara

Don tabbatar da ingantaccen abinci na pear a lokacin rani, wajibi ne don aiwatar da suttura da yawa. Na farko da tsakiyar iri-ripening fara ciyar a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuni, sannan kuma a Yuli, kuma daga baya - kwanaki 15 daga baya.

Gwanin-kayan miya na lokacin rani yana gudana a hanyar foliar. Spraying foliage inganta sauri sha na gina jiki fiye da na gargajiya tushen kai miya.

A lokacin bazara, an fi son ciyar da foliar.

Idan bazara ta zama sanyi, feshi zai kuma gyara yanayin. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 12 ° C, tsarin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar pear yana ba da abinci mai sannu a hankali. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne lokacin da damshin yayi sanyi a lokacin bazara mai tsananin zafi.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu

A cikin kayan miya na farko, abubuwan da ke da wadata a cikin nitrogen suna ba da gudummawa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da maganin urea don wannan. Ba wai kawai ya ciyar da itaciyar tare da nitrogen ba, har ma yana karfafa tsarin rigakafi, shine rigakafin cututtuka da kwari.

Na biyu saman miya a cikin bazara ne da za'ayi ba a baya fiye da kwanaki 15 bayan na karshe foliar saman miya. A wannan lokaci, samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa yana faruwa, wanda aka danganta shi da karuwar buƙatar shuka don potassium da phosphorus. Wadannan abubuwan suna da alhakin girman, abun ciki na sukari da tsawon lokacin 'ya'yan itatuwa. Don sake cika su, yi amfani da ɗayan takin mai magani:

• potassium sulfate;
• gari phosphorite;
• superphosphate.

Ana amfani da takin mai magani na Phosphoric tare da takin mai magani na potash, misali, potassium sulfate. A lokaci guda, takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da abubuwan gano wuri za'a iya amfani dashi:

• boron;
• magnesium
• jan ƙarfe
• zinc;
• baƙin ƙarfe da sauransu

A lokacin bazara, yana da mahimmanci a lura da yanayin bishiyoyi a cikin lambun - haɓarin harbe, girma da siffar 'ya'yan itace, bayyanar ƙyallen ganye, da dai sauransu Duk wani canje-canjen ana iya haɗe shi da rashin abubuwan gano alama, a wannan yanayin, ana ciyar da su nan da nan tare da mahimman ƙwayoyin.

Tebur: alamun waje na rashin macro- da microelements a cikin ciyar da pears

Bishiyoyi suna fesa da safe ko maraice tare da bushewar yanayi. Tunda ana amfani da mafita tare da karamin taro na takin mai magani, suna da takaitaccen sakamako. Don cimma sakamako da ake so, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da suturar 2-3 tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 8-10.

Tebur: sashi na takin zamani don ciyar da peliar

Cessaci ko rashi na wasu abubuwan zasu haifar da mummunar cuta ta pear, don haka abincin kowane tsirrai yakamata a daidaita shi.

Don haɓaka haɓakar spraying, kafin ko kuma nan da nan bayan aikin, itaciyar tana zubar da ruwa da kyau.

Autumn saman miya

A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar suturar miya ta sama don sake mamaye abubuwan gina jiki da aka cinye yayin hawan ciyayi, kazalika don haɓaka taurin hunturu na itaciyar. Lokaci mafi dacewa shine daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa farkon Nuwamba. Yawan takin da aka shafa kai tsaye ya dogara da shekarun itaciya da haɓaka tsarin tushen sa.

Matsakaicin ma'anar don riguna na saman kaka na pear na iya zama yellowing na foliage. Idan kambi 1/3 ya juya launin toka, to, lokaci yayi da za'ayi aikace-aikacen taki.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/

A wannan lokacin, ana cire takin nitrogen, gami da kwayoyin - taki, takin ko peat.

Lokacin ciyar da pears a cikin kaka, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai waɗanda ke ɗauke da phosphorus da potassium. Abun da ke ciki na cakuda ma'adinan a cikin digging kaka shine 30 g na superphosphate granular / 15 g na potassium chloride / 150 ml na itace ash ta 1 m².

Tsarin aiki

1. Kafin takin pear, an zubar da ƙasa mai yalwa da ruwa - 20 l (buckets 2) na ruwa da 1 m².
   

   Kafin takin itace ana shayar da ruwa

2. An gabatar da takin ƙasa a cikin yankin da'irar kusa-digo don tono ko cikin tsagi tare da zurfin kusan 20-30 cm, haƙa a kewayen kewaye da kambi.
3. Ana shayar da da'irar akwati.
4. A kan talauci, ƙasa ba ta humus, za a mulmula zangon ganyen tare da peat da humus, an ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Tsarin mulch yakamata ya zama akalla 15-20 cm, a cikin hunturu zai kare tushen tsarin pear daga daskarewa.
   

   A kan kasa da tsautsayi a humus, da akwati da'irar don hunturu ne mulched zuwa tsawo na har zuwa 20 cm

Lokacin shirya ruwa mai saka ruwa, an cire itace ash: superphosphate tare da gishiri gishiri ana narkewa a cikin ruwa na 10 na ruwa kuma an gabatar da shi cikin tsagi na shirye. An bushe itacen ash na bushewa a cikin yankin da'irar akwati zuwa zurfin 20 cm.

Duba yanayin danshi mai sauki ne. Idan ƙasa, wanda aka matsa a cikin tafin hannunka, ya juya ya zama keɓaɓɓu, akwai wadataccen danshi ga shuka.

Yadda ake gudanar da ciyarwa na yau da kullun zai ba ka damar shuka bishiyar lafiya kuma a kowace shekara ka karɓi girbi na 'ya'yan itaciya mai daɗi.